Lentiscus Essential Oil Research Articles

Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils from Cistus ladanifer L., Pistacia lentiscus L., and Matricaria chamomilla L

The objective of this study was to characterize the volatile compounds from the aerial part of Cistus ladanifer L., Pistacia lentiscus L., and Matricaria chamomilla L., members of Cistaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Asteraceae families, respectively; and assess their potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory properties. The essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) analysis. The outcomes revealed distinct chemical profiles indicative of specific chemotypes within each species. Indeed, M. chamomilla essential oil (MCEO) contained sabinene (16.03 %), camphor (11.22 %), 3,6-dihydrochamazulene (14.22 %), and chamazulene (12.84 %) as its primary constituents. C. ladanifer essential oil (CLEO) prominently featured camphene (31.5 %), α-pinene (15.76%), and bornyl acetate (15.73 %), while P. lentiscus essential oil (PLEO) was rich in D-limonene (21 %), β-myrcene (14.89 %), α-pinene (13.93 %), and terpinen-4-ol (9.75 %). Remarkably, PLEO exhibited significant antioxidant activity across multiple assays, demonstrating inhibitory values of 72.07 ± 4.06 mg TE/g of extract (Cuprac), 45.74 ± 1.23 mg TE/g of extract (FRAP), 30.89 ± 1.69 mg EDTAE/g of extract (Chelating), 26.71 ± 1.84 mmol TE/g of extract (Phosphomolybdenum), 15.55 ± 0.84 mg TE/g of extract (ABTS), and 2.30 ± 0.22 mg TE/g of extract (DPPH). The results showed that the microorganisms under examination varied in their sensitivity to essential oils and the inhibitory zone ranged between 25 and 57 mm. The inhibitory effects of the essential oils were investigated against enzymes associated with human pathologies. As findings, CLEO demonstrated substantial inhibition of tyrosinase (10.22 ± 0.13 mg KAE/g of extract) and acetylcholinesterase (4.71 ± 0.97 mg GALAE/g of extract), outperforming other essential oils that displayed moderate activities. These important biological effects of the oils tested qualify these plants as an interesting source of phytochemicals with medicinal actions.

Pistacia lentiscus essential oil and its pure active components as acaricides to control Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Mesostigmata)

The goal of this work was to assess the in vitro acaricidal effects of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil and its pure active components against red poultry mites Dermanyssus gallinae as an alternative to chemical acaricide (formamidines). Essential oil was obtained using hydrodistillation and then analyzed using GC-MS. The following major components were identified: α-pinene (20.58 %), D-Limonene (18.16 %), β-Myrcène (15.06 %), 4-Terpineol (7.68 %), caryophyllene (5.45 %) and γ-terpinene (5.21 %). The toxicity of essential oil and its six monoterpenes were tested at concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 3.50 mg/cm2, using contact and spraying bioassays. Toxicity was expressed as a lethal concentration (LC50 or LC90). The experiment results revealed that activity was method and concentration dependent, and the spraying method was more effective than the contact bioassay for acaricidal activity. In this bioassay, the highest mortality was observed with 4-Terpineol. The LC50 was estimated to be 0.184 mg/cm2 for this substance, followed by α-pinene, the LC50 of which was estimated to be 0.203 mg/cm2. Caryophyllene and γ-terpinene were found less effective in controlling D. gallinae. P. lentiscus oil and its major compounds were also evaluated for anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects; 4-Terpineol was found to be the most effective AChE inhibitor with IC50 values reaching 18.73 ± 2.83 µg/mL. This framework pointed out the importance of the traditional use of P. lentiscus as an ecofriendly alternative against ectoparasite of veterinary importance; D. gallinae. In vivo trials should also be conducted to assure the safe use of essential oils or individual compounds and to achieve efficient acaricidal property.

Veterinary phytotherapy in Algeria

Currently, the use of alternative medicine is necessary, even in animals. Our study focused on the valorisation of the use of herbal products in Algerian veterinary medicine. This study is based on a 6-month exploratory survey of 257 private practicing veterinarians, followed by a study of the bacteriological activity of the essential oil of the Pistacia lentiscus plant. The survey results generally indicate that private veterinarians support phytotherapy as an alternative to conventional drugs in several areas and species. Also, the results of research conducted on the antibacterial activity of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil show that it inactivates 50% of the bacterial strains. This confirms the well defined role of this medicinal plant used as an alternative in veterinary medicine.

Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oils of Pistacia atlantica Desf. and Pistacia lentiscus L. Against Tribolium confusum Dul.

Introduction: Since ancient times, the therapeutic virtues of plants have been a part of the traditional pharmacopoeia of several Mediterranean countries, with various uses depending on the country. Among the plants with a great therapeutic potential, Pistacia lentiscus L. and P. atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae), are found in the Mediterranean circum-country. The present study was conducted in order to identify and compare the chemical compositions of the essential oils of P. atlantica and P. lentiscus as well as to determine their efficiency as a fumigant toxicity for the control of pest insect Tribolium confusum. Materials and Methods: In this study, the aerial parts of the plants were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The isolated essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The fumigation toxicity of essential oils was evaluated against the adults of T. confusum. Results: The essential oils of both plants showed qualitative differences in their chemical compositions. The major compounds identified from P. lentiscus were (E)-β-caryophyllene (16.3%) and γ-cadinene (15.6%), while from P. atlantica was terpinen-4-ol (35.6%). Results of the fumigant tests of the essential oils revealed that the essential oil of P. lentiscus was the most toxic. The estimated concentration to kill 50 % of the treated insects (LC50) was 7.5 μL/L air. Conclusions: The results showed that P. lentiscus essential oil presented an interesting fumigant property and that could be proposed as new potential sources of natural bioinsecticides.

Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of hydro-distillation extraction of Pistacia lentiscus L. essential oil

Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Profile of Leaves and Twigs Essential oils of Moroccan Pistacia lentiscus L.Taoufik Haloui, Abdellah Farah, Mounyr Balouiri, Marwa Chraibi, Mouhcine Fadil, Kawtar Fikri Benbrahim, Aziz Belrhiti Alaoui

NiO nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity mediated through ROS generation and impairing the antioxidant defense in the human lung epithelial cells (A549): Preventive effect of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil.

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) have attracted increasing attention owing to potential capacity to penetrate to several human cell systems and exert a toxic effect. Elsewhere, the use of medicinal plants today is the form of the most widespread medicine worldwide. Utilizing aromatic plants as interesting source of phytochemicals constitute one of the largest scientific concerns. Thus this study was focused to investigate antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of essential oil of a Mediterranean plant P. lentiscus (PLEO) on NiO NPs induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells (A549). The obtained results showed that cell viability was reduced by NiO NPs, who's also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species and reduction of antioxidant enzymes activities. Our results also demonstrated that PLEO contains high amounts in terpinen-4-ol (11.49%), germacrene D (8.64%), α-pinene (5.97%), sabinene (5.19%), caryophyllene (5.10%) and δ-Cadinene (4.86%). PLEO exhibited a potent antioxidant capacity by cell viability improving, ROS scavenging and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system against NiO NPs in this model of cells. The present work demonstrated, for the first time, the protective activity of PLEO against cell oxidative damage induced by NiO NPs. It was suggested that this plant essential oil could be use as a cells protector.

Phytochemical, organoleptic and ferric reducing properties of essential oil and ethanolic extract from Pistacia lentiscus (L.)

ObjectiveTo study the phytochemical composition and organoleptic properties of Pistacia lentiscus (L.) (P. lentiscus) from Algeria and to investigate the antioxidant activities of its essential oil and ethanolic extract. MethodsAerial parts of P. lentiscus were collected at Hammam Melouane (Blida), 50 km from Algiers. Different solvent extractions were made for the preliminary screening of phytochemicals. Additionally, the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the Algerian variety have been characterized. Moreover, P. lentiscus essential oil and ethanolic extract were studied for their antioxidant potential by ferric reducing power test. ResultsPhytochemical screening of P. lentiscus revealed the presence of various biochemicals, including leuco-anthocyanins, condensed tannins, gallic tannins, saponoside, coumarins, and flavonoids, while others were absent (anthocyanins and alcaloids). Essential oil showed lower antioxidant potential compared to the ethanolic extract, reflecting the potential phenolic content responsible for this activity. ConclusionsThe present study reveals the presence of various phytochemical classes in P. lentiscus, and the antioxidant experiment shows a good bioactivity of the aerial parts of the Algerian P. lentiscus. The literature review of the essential oil composition shows also important variations due to geographic and environmental conditions. This preliminary investigation will help explore the bioactive compounds of P. lentiscus, and will bring data for a better physicochemical and organoleptic classification of the Algerian variety.

Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil Isolated from Pistacia lentiscus Leaves Against Helicobacter pylori Algerian Clinical Isolates

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The current treatment for the eradication of H. pylori is unwieldy as relapses may occur. As H. pylori continues to resist the present antibiotic treatments, we are challenged in attempting to find alternative treatment methods; one treatment method may be the utilization of extracted oils from plants such as Pistascia lentiscus (P. lentiscus) leaves which are widely used in Mediterranean folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases, including stomach-associated diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-H. pylori activity of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (PLEO) obtained from leaves by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry (GC-MS). H. pylori strains were isolated from Algerians symptomatic patients’ gastric biopsies and characterized for their susceptibility to PLEO using both disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. Results revealed 65 components of PLEO dominated by monoterpenes, principally were α-pinene (15.47%), limonene (14.7%) and β-myrcene (9.93%). Twenty two H. pylori strains were isolated and their antibiotic characterization revealed that 18.18% of the tested isolates were resistant to at least two of the three antibiotics belonging to the main groups of antibiotics used in therapy to eradicate H. pylori. In contrast, PLEO showed anti-H. pylori activity against all the tested strains (100%). The inhibition diameters (32 mm, 26.66 mm, 19.67 and 12.33 for the pure and diluted oil to 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8) and minimum inhibitory concentration (1/5000, v/v) affirm the strong antimicrobial activity of PLEO against H. pylori.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> L. Essential Oil from Oran (Algeria)

Essential oil from the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. growing in the Oran region in the west of Algeria was obtained by hydrodistillation with a 1.26 % yield on a dry weight basis. Spectrophotometric analyses were employed to highlight the scavenger capacity of this oil using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Twenty compounds were identified by GC and CG/MS analyses, and the main part of the compounds of the oil was terpinene-4-ol (41.24%) and α-terpineol (7.31%), α-pinene (9.48%), limonene (09.11%), β-myrcene (10.5%), p-cymene (8.67%) and α-phellandrene (2.20%), β-caryophyllene (12.62%) as major compounds. The DPPH test shows that Pistacia lentiscus essential oil possesses antiradical activity. A linear correlation (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.995, P Pistacia lentiscus essential oil.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil from Southern Italy (Apulia)

The essential oil extracted from twenty-one plants of Pistacia lentiscus L. growing wild in southern Italy (Salento, Apulia), were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-eight components, representing more than 75% of the total oil constituents, were identified. The main compounds (with >5% on average) were α-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, δ-cadinene and β-caryophyllene. Four chemotypes were identified: terpinen-4-ol/α-pinene, β-caryophyllene/δ-cadinene/α-pinene, β-myrcene/δ-cadinene and α-pinene. Essential oils showed a radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; DPPH test) ranging between about 21% and 35%.

Pistacia lentiscus essential oil has repellent effect against three major insect pests of pasta

Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium confusum are three of the major food-stuff pests who cause important economic losses of shelved products with special reference to pasta. Due to its long shelf life, pasta is highly exposed to insects that can penetrate into the packaging with consequences economically severe. Eco-friendly strategies to prevent such insect attacks to the final packaged product are therefore highly foreseen by pasta companies. Due to their repellent properties, essential oils, extracted from aromatic plants, could represent a valid, eco-friendly alternative to chemical repellents. In this study, we evaluated the repellent activity of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (PEO) and its main chemical components by two different bioassay with and without the presence of pasta. Results showed that the whole PEO exerts a broad-range aspecific repellency among the target pests with RD50 values ranging from 0.010 to 0.037μLcm−2. On the contrary, the repellence of PEO components resulted to vary depending on the compound and on the pest species. Among the PEO chemical components, relative median potency analyses indicated that β-caryophyllene was able to exert the highest repellency rates against S. zeamais (RD50 0.046μMcm−2). The comparison between the two bioassays, with and without pasta, indicated that the two methodologies gave consistent results. Overall, our research firstly showed that, because of their effectiveness as repellents, PEO and its major constituents could represent valid and safe tools against pasta pests.

Variations in composition and antioxidant activity of Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus L. leaf essential oil

In this study, the composition and antioxidant activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. leaf essential oil (EO) from four Tunisian localities were investigated. The EO yields (%, w/w) of P. lentiscus leaf were 0.009% in Oued El Bir, 0.02% in Jebel Mansour, 0.007% in Siliana and 0.01% in Tabarka. The main compounds of Oued El Bir EO were terpinene-4-ol (41.24%) and α-terpineol (7.31%), whereas those of Jebel Mansour were α-pinene (9.48%), limonene (19.11%) and α-phellandrene (3.20%). In Siliana samples, terpinene-4-ol (23.32%), β-caryophyllene (22.62%) and α-terpineol (7.12%) were the main compounds. For P. lentiscus L. from Tabarka, α-terpineol (9.79%) and β-caryophyllene (38.33%) were the major constituents. Three chemotypes of P. lentiscus EO were identified for the first time in Tunisia. P. lentiscus EOs were also screened for their antioxidant activities. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay gives an IC50 range value of 60–110 μg/mL for all the samples studied. EOs from different Tunisian localities showed lower β-carotene bleaching activity than butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisol. P. lentiscus EO presents a very low capacity to chelate ferrous irons (IC50 = 80.8–104 μg/mL) and no metal chelating activity was recorded.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an uncommon pustular eruption characterized by small nonfollicular pustules on an erythematous background, sometimes associated with fever and neutrophilia. Over 90% of cases are drug-induced; however, it can be caused in rare cases by other agents. We report two cases of AGEP secondary to ingestion of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil, the first two such cases to our knowledge. The cutaneous morphology, disease course and histological findings were consistent with a definite diagnosis of AGEP, based on the criteria of the EuroSCAR study group. These two cases highlight the need to consider herbal extracts as a potential rare cause of AGEP and to ensure the safety of herbal medicines.

Composition and insecticidal activity of essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus L. against Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

This study reports investigations on the chemical constituents and fumigant toxicity of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) essential oil against two major stored-date insects, carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller and Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Results showed that P. lentiscus essential oil contained terpinene-4-ol (23.32%), α-terpineol (7.12%) and β-caryophyllene (22.62%) as major compounds. Fumigant toxicity tests showed that P. lentiscus oil was more toxic to E. kuehniella (LC 50 = 1.84 μl/l, LC 95 = 5.14 μl/l) than E. ceratoniae (LC 50 = 3.29 μl/l, LC 95 = 14.24 μl/l). The fecundity and hatching rate of both insects decreased with increases in concentration or exposure time to the oil. At 136 μl/l air, fecundities and hatching rates were respectively 35 eggs/female and 42.86% for E. ceratoniae and 78 eggs/female and 29.49% for E. kuehniella.

FUMIGANT TOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM PISTACIA LENTISCUS L. (ANACARDIACEA) AGAINST STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

During the past few decades, the need for safer means of pest management have become crucial due to the harmful effects of synthetic insecticides on the environment, problems related to pests' resurgence and resistance to pesticide and risk for users. Therefore, a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides was developed. In this study, we report first investigations on chemical constituents and fumigant toxicity of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiacea) essential oil against 1-7 day-old adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). The major compounds of the essential oil determined using the GC and the GC-MS were: α-phellandrene (3.20%), α-pinene (9.48%) and limonene (19.11%). Oil amounts tested were 5 and 45 μl in each 44 ml Plexiglas bottle with capacity corresponding to concentrations 114 and 1023 μl/L air. Great differences in insect mortality were observed within insect species, oil concentrations and exposure time. The fumigant toxicity potential of P. lentiscus on L. serricorne was higher (LC 50 = 8.44 μl/L, LC 95 = 43.68 μl/L) than T. castaneum (LC 50 =28.03 μl/L, LC 95 =63.46 μl/L). The results suggested that P. lentiscus essential oil may have potential as a control agent against these two stored product beetles.