Lens Densitometry Measurements Research Articles

Long-term Effects of Uncomplicated Traumatic Hyphema on Corneal and Lenticular Clarity.

To evaluate the long-term effects of uncomplicated traumatic hyphema on endothelial morphology, anterior segment structure, and corneal and lenticular densitometry. In this retrospective comparative study, eyes with a history of uncomplicated traumatic hyphema were compared with the healthy contralateral unaffected eyes. The corneal endothelial cell properties were captured using specular microscopy. Anterior segment analysis, corneal densitometry (12-mm corneal diameter), and lens densitometry measurements were performed using the Pentacam imaging system. Measurements were obtained at a mean follow-up of 49.5 ± 15.8 months after injury. The average endothelial cell density was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (2,506.6 ± 294.0 cells/mm² vs. 2,665.7 ± 195.0 cells/mm², p = 0.020). There was no difference between the groups in respect of polymegathism and pleomorphism (p = 0.061 and p = 0.558, respectively). All the investigated corneal tomographic and angle parameters were similar in both groups (all p > 0.05). The corneal densitometry values in all concentric zones and layers showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05 for all). The lens zone 1 densitometry value was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (9.6% ± 1.1% vs. 8.9% ± 1.2%, p = 0.031). No difference was observed in zone 2 and 3 (p = 0.170 and p = 0.322, respectively). The degree of hyphema was not correlated with endothelial cell and lenticular clarity loss (p = 0.087 and p = 0.294, respectively). Even if traumatic hyphema is not complicated, long-term outcomes indicate endothelial cell loss and increased lenticular density.

Objective Assessment of Corneal and Lens Clarity in Patients with COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, can bind to epithelial cells in the human cornea and conjunctiva, which may result in changes of corneal and lenticular densitometry. We aimed to report the corneal and lenticular clarity of patients who had been diagnosed previously with confirmed infection of COVID-19. This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Fifty-three patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and 51 healthy individuals who had not had COVID-19 (control) were included in this study. Measurement of the corneal (at a corneal diameter of 12 mm) and lens densitometry of participants was performed using a Pentacam HR Scheimpflug imaging system. Three different optimal depths as anterior, central, and posterior layers and four concentric zones, consisting of diameters of 0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, and 10 to 12 mm, were chosen to perform the corneal densitometric measurements. The mean lenticular densitometric values were calculated in zone 1 at 2.0 mm, zone 2 at 4.0 mm, and zone 3 at 6.0 mm by taking the central part of the pupil as reference point. When compared with the individuals in the control group, the corneal densitometry measurements in the patients in the COVID-19 group were considerably higher in anterior 0 to 2 mm, 2 to 6 mm, 6 to 10 mm zones and total diameter; center 0 to 2 and 2 to 6 mm zones and total diameter; posterior 0 to 2 mm zone; and total corneal 0 to 2 and 2 to 6 mm zones and total diameter (P < .05, for each). When compared with the individuals in the control group, all of the lens densitometry measurements, except for those located in zone 1, were determined to be significantly higher among the patients in the COVID-19 group (P < .05, for each). Significant alterations were found in corneal and lenticular densitometric values in patients who had had COVID-19. The virus could adversely affect cornea and lens transparency.

Lens densitometry for assessment and prediction of cataract progression after pars plana vitrectomy with C3F8-gas for retinal detachment.

PurposeLens opacification is a common complication after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and knowing its progression would facilitate consulting patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a quantitative model for lens-status-monitoring after PPV with C3F8 gas. Our model was evaluated in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients of various age and lens densitometry (LD).MethodsData between March 2018 and March 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. LD measurements of the PentacamHR® Nucleus Staging mode (PNS) were used to quantify lens opacification over time. A mixed-effect regression model was designed, to enable LD predictions at any time postoperatively. Calculations were based on patient’s age and baseline LD as dependent variables. Six patients were randomly excluded during model development, to be used for testing its power afterwards.Results34 patients (male 19 [55.9%], female 15 [44.1%]) matched the inclusion criteria. Average age was 58.5 years (32–77;±4.3) and average follow-up was 7.2 months (3,4–23.1;±1,8). Mean baseline LD of the treated and fellow eye before surgery were 10.9% (8.7%-14.8%;±0.8) and 10.7% (8.5%-14.1%;±0.6), respectively. Using our prediction model, LD values for the six pre-selected patients closely match the observed data with an average deviation of 1.07%.ConclusionsEvaluation of age and baseline LD using a mixed-effect regression model might predict cataract progression in RRD patients treated with PPV and C3F8-gas. Such a tool could be considered during cataract surgery consultation in these patients.

Corneal and lens densitometry in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis

AimTo evaluate corneal and crystalline lens densitometry in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).MethodsThis is a case–control study. Patients with VKC and age–gender-matched healthy controls underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination with corneal and crystalline lens densitometry measurements. Additionally, the anterior chamber parameters comprise anterior and posterior Kmean and astigmatism, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), pachymeter, and corneal volume (CV). Patients who had clinically grade 0 or grade 1 VKC and with only tarsal conjunctiva involvement during the conductance of the study were included. The variables were compared statistically.ResultsOne hundred and nine eyes were included in the study, in which fifty-one were in the VKC group. There were 25 males in the VKC group (26 female) and 22 males in the control group (36 female). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of posterior corneal astigmatism (p = 0.02). The mean corneal pachymeter, CV, ACD, ACA, and ACV were similar in both groups (p = 0.63, p = 0.26, p = 0.60, p = 0.41, and p = 0.32, respectively). The total mean corneal densitometry in the zones extending from 6 to 10 mm and 10 to 12 mm was increased in the VKC group compared to the control group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.012, respectively). The mean crystalline lens was found to be denser in the VKC group compared to the control group (8.96 ± 1.6 vs. 8.5 ± 0.57, respectively, p = 0.04).ConclusionPosterior corneal astigmatism is increased in VKC cases in comparison with age- and gender-matched controls. The peripheral anterior 6–12 mm annular corneal zone showed increased corneal densitometry in VKC cases compared to the healthy subjects. Additionally, the lens clarity is found to be decreased subclinically in VKC cases compared to control cases.

Corneal and lens densitometry with Pentacam HR in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Corneal and lens densitometry measurements provide clinically important information for the evaluation and monitoring of corneal and lens health in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Background To compare the corneal and lens densitometry values between paediatric patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and healthy individuals. Methods This study included 72 eyes of 72 patients with VKC (25 with mild VKC [Group 1], 22 with moderate VKC [Group 2], and 25 with severe VKC [Group 3]), and 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects (Group 4). Corneal and lens densitometry values were measured using Pentacam HR as follows: for corneal densitometry in two different corneal zones (0–2 and 2–6-mm) and four different corneal depths (at the total thickness, anterior, central, and posterior layers), and lens densitometry in three different lens zones (Zone 1: 2.0-mm, Zone 2: 4.0-mm, and Zone 3: 6.0-mm). Results In the 0–2-mm corneal zone for the total thickness and all three layers, corneal densitometry values in Group 3 were significantly higher than those in Groups 1, 2, and 4 (for all values p < 0.012). There was no significant difference in the mean corneal densitometry values between Groups 1 and 2 (for all values p > 0.05). In these groups, the mean corneal densitometry values were significantly higher than those in Group 4 for the anterior layer in the 0–2 and 2–6-mm corneal zones (for all values p < 0.012). The mean values for Zone 3 and average lens densitometry values in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those in Group 4 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The current study showed corneal clarity changes in patients with mild, moderate, and especially severe VKC. An increase in the lens densitometry values was also observed in patients with moderate and severe VKC than in healthy individuals.

Corneal and lens clarity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Understanding the reduction in clarity of the ocular media in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will aid interpretation of ocular examinations and refractive assessments in patients with this condition. Background To investigate corneal and lens densitometry measurements of patients with COPD and to compare the results obtained with those in healthy adults. Methods This prospective cross‐sectional study included 25 newly diagnosed COPD patients (COPD group) and 35 healthy subjects (control group). The COPD patients were excluded if they ever had any recorded systemic or inhaler steroid therapy. After recording demographic and clinical characteristics, eligible study subjects underwent a through ophthalmic evaluation which included measurement of refractive errors using the same automatic refractor‐keratometer device, best‐corrected visual acuity determination using a Snellen chart, measurement of intraocular pressure using a pneumotonometer, slitlamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. After general ophthalmic examination, the Pentacam HR imaging system was used to evaluate corneal and lens densitometry measurements of the groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the ages and genders of the participants between the two groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, the mean values of intraocular pressure, refractive error and body mass index as well as smoking status were similar between the groups (p > 0.05, for all). The mean corneal densitometry values were also similar in all the concentric zones and layers in the eyes of the patients with COPD and controls (p > 0.05, for all). However, the mean values of zones 1, 2 and 3, and average lens densitometry measurements of the COPD group, were statistically significantly higher compared to control subjects (p < 0.05, for all). Conclusion Lens clarity of patients with COPD was significantly decreased while corneal densitometry measurements were not significantly affected.

Evaluation of Corneal and Lenticular Parameters in Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron deficiency anemia on corneal and lenticular densitometry.Methods:Thirty-two patients with iron deficiency anemia and 38 healthy participants were enrolled. The Pentacam HR imaging system (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) was used to record keratometry, corneal densitometry (12-mm corneal diameter), lens densitometry measurements. Endothelial parameters were evaluated using specular microscopy.Results:The corneal densitometry values in the anterior 0–2 mm and 2–6 mm zone were significantly higher in the iron deficiency anemia group than in the control group (p=0.044 and p=0.021, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean values of the standard deviation and maximum lens densitometry measurements of the iron deficiency anemia group when compared with the control group (p=0.012 and p=0.011, respectively). There were statistically significant correlations between the anterior 2-6 mm zone corneal densitometry and ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity (r=-0.275, r=-0.243, r=0.240, respectively). However, ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity showed no significant correlation with the lens densitometry values (p>0.05 for all).Conclusion:Iron deficiency anemia had several effects on corneal and lenticular densitometry measurements. Evaluation of the corneal and lenticular changes at an ophthalmology clinic might be recommended for patients with iron deficiency anemia.

Evaluation of lens clarity in children with atopic dermatitis: A densitometric analysis with Pentacam.

The association of atopic dermatitis (AD) with a wide variety of ocular complications is known; however, there is no study in the literature that measured lens densitometry in pediatric patients with AD. This study aimed to investigate lens densitometry in children with AD. In order to examine ocular complications in AD, 31 pediatric patients (13 males, 18 females; mean age 12 ± 3 years) with AD and 20 healthy children (9 males, 11 females; mean age 12 ± 2 years), who presented to the dermatology clinic of Istanbul Medipol Mega University between December 2018 and May 2019 were included in this study. The diagnosis of AD was based on the UK Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for AD. Patients receiving inhaler and systemic steroids were excluded from the study. All children were examined by the same dermatologist and ophthalmologist. The mean values of best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, and axial length were similar between both groups (P > .05). The lens densitometry values of zone 1, zone 2, and zone 3, as well as the average lens densitometry measurements were found statistically significantly higher in children with AD compared to the controls (P < .05 for all). This is the first study to demonstrate an increase in treatment-independent lens densitometry in children with AD.

Assessment of cataract forming effect of diabetes in young adults by lens densitometer.

To investigate the effect of the diabetes on cataract formation by Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system. Thirty diabetic patients and thirty-five healthy control subjects were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were smoking, high refractive error, any systemic disease or drug usage associated with cataract formation and to have diabetic retinopathy. The duration of diabetes and HbA1c level were recorded. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination was performed in all cases. Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) three-dimensional lens densitometer module was used to measure density of anterior, nuclear and posterior lens regions. Mean age of group 1 and group 2 was 37.80 ± 5.51years and 36.51 ± 3.77years, respectively. There were not any difference between groups in the means of age and sex (P = .271; P = .700). The mean duration of diabetes in group 1 was 4.23 ± 3.71years (6months-10year). The mean HbA1c level was 8.12 ± 2.07% (5.4-12.7%). Anterior, nuclear and posterior mean lens densitometry measurements were significantly higher in group 1 (diabetic group) than group 2 (control group) [(8.90 ± 0.59%; 8.05 ± 0.72% P = < .001), (7.52 ± 0.31%; 7.00 ± 0.59% P = < .001), (7.25 ± 0.31%; 6.90 ± 0.73% P = .006), respectively]. Diabetes may have cataractous effect in anterior, nuclear and posterior regions of the lens.

Anterior Segment Findings in Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case-Control Study.

To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) compared with healthy control subjects. Seventeen patients with OI and 19 age-matched healthy controls were included into this cross-sectional case-control study. Corneal topographic, topometric and Belin-Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display III analysis, corneal densitometry (12-mm corneal diameter), and lens densitometry measurements were obtained by using the Pentacam HR-Scheimpflug imaging system (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). The corneal endothelial cell properties were determined by specular microscopy. In comparison to the control group, patients with OI had significantly higher front astigmatism (0.8 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 1.1 mm, P = 0.026), thinner thinnest corneal thickness (556.4 ± 32.7 μm vs. 482.5 ± 66.9 μm, P = 0.002), smaller corneal volume (62.4 ± 3.5 mm vs. 53.7 ± 6.4 mm, P < 0.001), lower anterior chamber depth (3.2 ± 0.3 mm vs. 3.0 ± 0.2 mm, P = 0.009), higher index of vertical asymmetry (0.1 ± 0.04 vs. 0.2 ± 0.11, P < 0.001), higher posterior elevation (6.0 ± 2.7 μm vs. 11.9 ± 7.8 μm, P = 0.002), lower maximum Ambrósio relational thickness indice (456.6 ± 67.5 vs. 365.6 ± 115.7, P = 0.009), and higher final "D" value (0.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.6, P = 0.002). The corneal and lens densitometry values were similar in all concentric zones and layers in both groups except that 6 to 10 mm in the center. Corneal densitometry was higher in eyes with OI than that in the control group (9.8 ± 1.7 and 8.8 ± 1.0, P = 0.010). There was no difference in endothelial cell morphology between the groups (P > 0.05). The morphologic parameters determined on the corneal analysis are in general agreement with the known pathophysiology of OI. Corneal analysis may prove useful in monitoring patients with OI in clinical practice.

An objective evaluation of crystalline lens density using Scheimpflug lens densitometry in different uveitis entities.

To measure lens densities with a Pentacam HR device in patients with active uveitis. Measurements were taken at the onset of the attack and after the treatment of inflammation. The study included 51 eyes with different anterior uveitis aetiologies and a control group of 48 eyes of age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Lens densitometry measurements were taken with a Scheimpflug camera on a Pentacam HR device. All the examinations and measurements were performed on the first presentation with the onset of the attack and were repeated at 1st and 3rd months after treatment. Lens densitometry measurements were compared with those of the healthy control group and the healthy fellow eyes of the uveitic patients. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of age and gender (p > 0.05). At 3months, Pentacam densitometry of zones 3 value was determined to be significantly high in the uveitic eyes compared to the healthy eyes (p = 0.018). The average lens density value (ALD) at 1month was statistically significantly higher than the baseline value in the uveitic eyes (p = 0.034). There was no significant change in the ALD value at 3months compared to the baseline and 1-month values (p = 0.386, p = 0.736, respectively). Even if there is no cataract development that can be clinically observed in eyes with anterior uveitis, lens density in zone 3 showed a significant increase at the end of 3months compared to the baseline value. This change can be evaluated objectively with Scheimpflug imaging.

Density of crystalline lens and cornea in different trimesters of pregnancy.

To evaluate topographic measurements of the anterior segment and densitometric measurements of the cornea and lens by Pentacam HR in different trimesters of pregnancy. This prospective study included 150 healthy pregnant women in their first, second, or third trimester (Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and 54 non-pregnant healthy women (Group 0). Topographic measurements, including central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal densitometry (CD) and lens densitometry (LD), were done with the Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). The measurement results of the healthy pregnant women and non-pregnant healthy women were compared. CD values were found in Group 1 to be 13.19, in Group 2 to be 13.16, in Group 3 to be 13.17 and in Group 0 to be 13.22 (p = 0.811). The mean Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 0 LD-horizontal was 5.40 ± 0.5, 5.47 ± 0.38, 5.53 ± 0.44, 5.36 ± 0.43, respectively. The mean Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 0 LD-vertical was 5.6 ± 0.43, 5.66 ± 0.32, 5.71 ± 0.40 and 5.5 ± 0.44, respectively. Area LD values were higher in the advanced trimester period, and the only statistically significant difference was between Group 3 and Group 0 (p = 0.025). The difference between three-dimensional (3D) and peak LD values was not statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.89 and p = 0.91, respectively). The Pentacam HR seems to be an important option for the evaluation of LD, CD and topographic measurements of the anterior segment in pregnancy. In the present study, CD and LD, including LD-horizontal, LD-vertical, peak and 3D values, were not significantly different between pregnant women and non-pregnant women.

Evaluation of corneal and lens clarity in unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome: a densitometric analysis

BackgroundAlthough ageing is the main reason for cataract progression, pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) represents an independent additional hazard for the development of nuclear sclerosis and cataract progression. PES can also affect corneal properties. From this perspective, this study aimed to perform a comparison of the corneal and lens densitometry measurements in eyes with PES and age‐matched healthy eyes.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study included 31 patients with unilateral PES and 40 control participants. The Pentacam HR imaging system was used to evaluate corneal densitometry (12 mm corneal diameter) and lens densitometry measurements of eyes with PES (Group 1), clinically unaffected fellow eyes (Group 2) and healthy eyes (Group 3).ResultsEyes in Group 1 and Group 2 had statistically significantly higher corneal densitometry values for all concentric zones and layers compared with eyes in Group 3 (p < 0.05 for all). However, the results were similar when Group 1 and Group 2 were compared (p > 0.05 for all). The lens densitometry values of zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3, as well as the average lens densitometry measurements, were statistically significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2, compared with Group 3 (p < 0.05 for all). On the other hand, these parameters were similar between Groups 1 and 2 (p > 0.05 for all). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the study and control groups with regard to the maximum lens densitometry measurements (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed that corneal and lens densitometry values of affected and fellow eyes of cases with clinically unilateral PES are significantly higher than those of healthy subjects.

New objective lens density quantification method using swept-source optical coherence tomography technology: Comparison with existing methods

To assess a new objective cataract grading method based on lens densitometry on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) scans provided by the IOLMaster700. Rothschild Foundation, Paris, France. Prospective case series. All patients consulting for cataract evaluation who provided their consent to participate in the study were included. A history of eye surgery, corneal or retinal disorders, and ocular dryness were exclusion criteria. The average lens densitometry was measured with SS-OCT scans using ImageJ software. The ocular scatter index (OSI) measured with a double-pass aberrometer (Optical Quality Analysis System), the Pentacam nucleus staging (hereafter referred to as nuclear staging) score, and mean nuclear staging were also measured and compared with the mean lens densitometry. One hundred ten eyes (51 with cataract and 59 controls) were included. The average lens densitometry measurements were repeatable (P=.99, analysis of variance). The repeatability limit was 2.50 pixel units. The average lens density was correlated with the OSI (r2=0.52, P<.01), nuclear staging score (r2=0.75, P<.01), and mean nuclear staging (r2=0.41, P<.01). An average lens density greater than 82.9 pixel units was the cutoff threshold for cataract, with a sensitivity of 73.9% and a specificity of 91.2%. The average lens density measured by SS-OCT was a repeatable and reliable objective cataract grading method. It was correlated with OSI measurement. If the average lens density was greater than 82.9 pixel units and the patient reported visual impairment, cataract surgery might be discussed.

The quantitative assessment of alterations in lens transparency after transconjunctival 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery.

PurposeTo evaluate the baseline and post-vitrectomy lens densitometry values by a Scheimpflug camera in eyes with epiretinal membrane that were treated with 27-G microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) without tamponade and to compare the results with those in fellow healthy eyes.Patients and methodsProspective case series. The lens densitometry measurements of 24 patients, who underwent 27-G MIVS without any tamponade for the treatment of epiretinal membrane, were taken preoperatively and on the first week, first month, and third month postoperatively with Pentacam HR-Scheimpflug imaging system.ResultsThe mean lens densitometry values at Zone 1 and average lens densitometry values significantly increased in the study eyes on the first month when compared with the preoperative values (P=0.011, P=0.033, respectively). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences regarding the mean lens densitometry values of Zone 1 and Zone 2, and also average lens densitometry values between the preoperative and third month postoperative values (P=0.003, P=0.021, P=0.009, respectively). However, the densitometry values of fellow eyes were similar at preoperatively and all the postoperative follow-up periods (P>0.05 for all).ConclusionsThis study suggests that 27-G MIVS might cause post-surgical lens density changes even in early postoperative months and vitreous may play an important role in protecting the transparency of the lens.

Objective Evaluation of Corneal and Lens Clarity in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

To investigate whether abnormal glucose metabolism and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) affected the corneal and lens clarity in children with well-controlled type 1 DM and to compare the results obtained with those in healthy children. Cross-sectional prospective study. This multicenter study enrolled 56 patients with DM and 51 control subjects. The duration of DM and the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of the patients in the DM group were recorded. The Pentacam HR imaging system was used for corneal densitometry (12-mm corneal diameter) measurements. Furthermore, the lens densitometry and lens thickness (LT) measurements were performed after dilation of the pupils, using the same Pentacam HR device. The corneal densitometry values were similar in all concentric zones and layers in both groups (P > .05, for all). The mean values of the average and maximum lens densitometry measurements of the 2 groups, as well as the mean LT values, were statistically significantly different (P= .021, P= .011, and P < .001, respectively). There were statistically significant correlations between the lens densitometry values and the duration of DM (P < .05, for all). Conversely, no statistically significant relationship was found between the lens densitometry values and HbA1c levels (r= 0.743; P= .084). The children with type 1 DM had decreased lens clarity and increased LT, even in cases of well-controlled DM, without DR. It is reasonable to think that these changes might have been caused by the type 1 DM.

Impact of lens densitometry on phacoemulsification parameters and usage of ultrasound energy in femtosecond laser-assisted lens surgery

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find the correlation between lens densitometry measurements using Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system with equivalent average ultrasound power and cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) in femtosecond laser-assisted lens surgery (FLALS). MethodsOne hundred and twenty-four eyes were analyzed retrospectively, of which 109 had undergone cataract surgery and 15 had received refractive lens exchange with FLALS. Using the Pentacam Nucleus Staging (PNS) lens densitometry program, preoperative mean lens density and cataract grading score were evaluated. Average ultrasound power and CDE were recorded during surgery and correlated with the PNS grading and average lens density value. Exclusion criteria included small pupil size, previous ocular surgeries, tumors, optic atrophy, corneal scarring, intraoperative capsular rupture, and zonular dehiscence. ResultsPreoperative average lens density compared with CDE showed a weak significant positive linear correlation (p < 0.0001). CDE increased as lens density increased. This was also noticed when CDE and ultrasound time were compared with the PNS grading, demonstrating a significant moderate correlation (p < 0.0001). With increasing average lens density, the equivalent average ultrasound power showed a positive correlation (p < 0.0001). A weak positive correlation between estimated fluid use and PNS was also observed (p < 0.0001). Forty-one cases that did not require ultrasound energy during phacoemulsification had a PNS score between 0 and 1. ConclusionsThe Centurion Phacoemulsification machine has been shown to correlate positively with the Pentacam Scheimpflug System offering an objective and repeatable measure of lens density and cataract grading. This can aid in intraoperative phacodynamics and help reduce phacoemulsification complications, such as corneal endothelial injury.

The effect of statin use on lens density as assessed by pentacam hr® lens densitometry in adults

Objective: To investigate the association between statin use and cataract development by using Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera system. Material and Methods: Total 208 age and sex matched participants were included in this prospective, case-control study. 104 long-term statin users as study group and 104 non-statin users as control group constituted to the study. Lens densitometry measurements were performed with the Pentacam HR® (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) from three areas (anterior, nuclear, and posterior). These measurements were compared between the groups. Results: There were no significant difference at the basic clinical variables (p=0.121, p=0.778). The mean duration of statin use of the study group was 5,4±4,3 years. The mean value of lens densitometry measurement at nuclear area tended to be lower in statin users than controls, but difference was not statistically significant (9.20±1.00 vs 9.35±1.20; p:0.346). However, the mean lens densitometry values at the anterior and posterior areas of statin users were found to be significantly higher than controls (10.44±1.32 vs 9.16±1.09;p<0.001; 7.86±0.49 vs 7.63±0.38; p<0.001,respectively). Conclusion: The current study finds that long-term statin use seems to be associated with an increased risk of cortical cataracts (anterior-posterior) but not incidence of nuclear cataracts.

The Effect of Chronic Smoking on Lens Density in Young Adults

To investigate the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on lens density by Pentacam HR lens densitometry in young adults. Sixty chronic smokers who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 2 years and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in this prospective cross-sectional, comparative study. Presence of an ocular or systemic disease that might affect lens were determined as exclusion criteria. All individuals underwent complete ocular examination. Lens densitometry (LD) measurements were performed with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), dividing the lens into 3 areas: anterior area (anterior subcapsular and anterior cortical), nuclear area, and posterior area (posterior subcapsular and posterior cortical). Three-dimensional scan modes were used for measurements. The mean ages of group 1 and 2 were 25.85 ± 4.32 and 25.60 ± 5.14 years, respectively. The mean LD values in the 3 areas were higher in group 1 than group 2. However, only the mean LD value at the anterior area of group 1 was found to be statistically significantly higher (p = 0.047). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean LD measurements at the nuclear and posterior areas between the groups. Our study demonstrated that the mean LD value of the anterior area was significantly higher in group 1, suggesting that chronic smoking may contribute to anterior cortical and subcapsular cataract development in young adults.

Effect of chronic smoking on lens nucleus as assessed by Pentacam HR lens densitometry in young adults

Objective: To evaluate the effects of chronic tobacco smoking on lens nucleus by Pentacam HR lens densitometry (LD) in young adults.Design: Prospective cross-sectional case series.Methods: Thirty subjects (23 M, 7 F) who were chronic cigarette smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day for at least 2 years) (group 1) and another 30 subjects (23 M, 7 F) who did not smoke (group 2), were included in this study. The patients were matched for age and sex between the groups. The exclusion criteria were any history of ocular surgery, any systemic disorders and any ocular diseases except for mild refractive disorders. Lens densitometry measurements were done with the Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). The Schirmer test and pachymetry measurements were also performed.Results: Mean age of the patients for both groups was 28.90 ± 8.20 years (range: 18–40 years). Mean lens densitometry (LD) measurements of Group 1 (chronic cigarette smoking group) were higher than those of Group 2 (control group) in all LD techniques; however only mean “peak” LD measurements showed a statistically significant difference between these two groups (Group 1: 8.67 ± 0.61, Group 2: 8.44 ± 0.70, p = 0.04). The mean Schirmer test value was 12.43 ± 5.60 mm in Group 1 and 13.00 ± 4.26 mm in Group 2 (p = 0.55). The mean central corneal thickness (CCT) value was 564.23 ± 34.61 µm in Group 1 and 550.47 ± 32.94 µm in Group 2 (p = 0.03).Discussion: The Pentacam HR LD seems to be an important option for the evaluation of lens nucleus in young adults, because it gives objective and quantitative data.Conclusion: Although chronic smoking increases lens nucleus density in young adults, the effect is not statistically significant when compared with the control group.