Video Length Research Articles

Evaluation of the Educational Quality of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy Videos on YouTube with IVORY and LAP-VEGaS Guidelines.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational quality of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR) videos on YouTube with Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS (IVORY) and LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) guidelines and to evaluate the correlation of the 2 guidelines. Methods: EE-DCR videos were queried using search terms on YouTube. Views, likes, likes/dislikes ratio, age, and length of videos were noted. Videos were evaluated using the IVORY and LAP-VEGaS guidelines. Two IVORY scores were created: total (IVORY-1) and organ-specific (IVORY-2). The correlation analysis between video features and guideline scores was performed. Results: A total of 61 EE-DCR videos were evaluated. The mean score of LAP-VEGaS was 10.3 (±SD 2.7), the mean IVORY-1 score was 22.5 (±SD 5.5), and the mean IVORY-2 score was 10.6 (±SD 1.94). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the IVORY-1 total score and the number of likes, the duration of the video, the age of the video, and the LAP-VEGaS score. Linear regression analysis showed that higher IVORY-1 scores predicted longer video duration, newer video age, and higher LAP-VEGaS scores. There was a significant association between LAP-VEGaS categories and the IVORY-1 total score (P < .001). Conclusion: The quality of EE-DCR videos is generally low to moderate. The IVORY and LAP-VEGaS guidelines were found to be correlated with each other. Both guidelines can be used to evaluate EE-DCR videos and otolaryngology surgical education videos in general. We believe that scales such as IVORY and LAP-VEGaS may be improved according to specific surgical procedures.

Video-based lecture engagement in a flipped classroom environment

Purposeto analyze which factors are associated with students’ engagement and participation in video-based lectures in a flipped classroom environment.MethodsA single-center experience with video-based lectures in undergraduate medical education is described. The activity was applied to the subject of Neurosurgery during two consecutive courses (2021/22 and 2022/23). The videos were available prior to face-to-face classes through the online application Edpuzzle. Information was obtained from the own platform at the end of each course. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between different variables and the percentage of video viewing, the early dropout rate, and the percentage of audience retention.ResultsA total of 109 students registered in Edpuzzle (87.2% of all enrolled students). Fifty-one videos were uploaded each course to cover 11 topics. Mean video viewing rate was 41%. Those videos linked to the earliest classroom lessons showed more percentage of viewing and audience retention than those programmed at the end of the course. With mandatory classroom assistance and homework assignments, the seminar videos were viewed more but retained less audience. Shorter videos were associated with higher viewing and audience adhesion, but the presence of questions embedded throughout the clip did not significantly engage students. No significant difference was observed regarding lesson topics.ConclusionsIt is essential to emphasize the importance of designing strategies to initially engage learners since more than half of our students never connected to the clips. Decreasing engagement was associated with the end of the course and video length. Seminar videos were viewed more but retained less audience. Active learning activities such as quizzes embedded throughout the clips did not significantly engage learners.

Assessment of YouTube Videos Related to Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer for Patient Education.

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis among those aged 15-29, with a noticeable increase in cases over the last decade. YouTube, one of the most frequented websites on the internet, serves as a common platform to obtain health information. This study uses a systematic approach to characterize YouTube videos related to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer. The first 50 videos across four distinct YouTube search terms related to RAI therapy for thyroid cancer were identified after applying exclusion criteria. A previously validated video assessment tool was utilized to evaluate the videos. Two independent reviewers assessed a random sample of 10 videos, while the remaining 40 videos were evaluated by one reviewer as there were minimal discrepancies in coding. Among the identified videos, 26 videos were published within the past 3years, with a median video length of 4min and 53s. The three most common publishers' affiliations were non-profits (15 videos), personal accounts (12 videos), and health care facilities/organizations (11 videos). Most of the videos originated in the United States, used an interview format, featured physician presenters, and were directed towards patients. Highly covered topics included "side effects and risks" and "RAI therapy overview". The findings underscore the significant role YouTube plays in aiding patient comprehension of RAI therapy for thyroid cancer based on video parameters and content. These results can inform physicians' discussions with patients regarding YouTube and contribute to the development of new, high-quality YouTube videos to support thyroid cancer education.

Perceptions of the 2D short animated videos for literacy against chronic diseases among adults with diabetes and/or hypertension: a qualitative study in primary care clinics.

Animation has promise for teaching complex health content through smartphone applications. However, smartphones have had limited use in Thailand for health literacy improvement among adults with chronic diseases. This study aims to explore the perceptions of adults with diabetes and/or hypertension resulting from 2D short animated videos for literacy against chronic disease that are available via smartphones. Four animated videos were initially developed based on clinical practice guidelines and nursing experience. Physicians, an expert in health education, and an animation team developed and revised scripts and storyboards of the animated videos. Lastly, videos were validated by physicians and health educators for content breadth and depth and by media experts for motion graphics and illustration. Each video presents a different situation in diabetes, hypertension, missing appointments, and obesity, ranging from 2.18 to 4.14min in duration. The inclusion criteria were adults 35-70 years old with diabetes or hypertension who received care from primary care units. Thematic analysis was performed on the extracted data. Twenty participants with a mean age of 58.4 years (SD 6.7; ranged 41-68) were focus-group interviewed. Three animation elements were assessed, including presentation, impacts, and suggestions. Participants had positive responses regarding the presentation (suitability of images and smooth motion graphics, short length of videos, simple language, understandable content, and clear sound) and impacts (recalling information, enhancing engagement, and motivating health awareness and behavior change). Suggested improvements were for a bigger font size for subtitles and considering the use of spoken text instead of on-screen text for recommendations at the end of the animations. Animated videos are acceptable for delivering health information. Pilot testing animated videos for promoting literacy against chronic diseases in adults with diabetes and hypertension is needed for optimal utility.

To What Extent does the Length of Online YouTube English Learning Videos Influence Chinese English Learning Students' Studying Efficiency?

In recent years, with the development of online video technology, more and more people learn languages through video sharing websites. As the world's largest video website, YouTube platform gathers a large group of learners and a huge amount of learning resources. Many users upload English teaching videos on YouTube, and these videos have gained a lot of attention. This study investigates the relationship between length of online YouTube English learning videos and learning effectiveness of English learners.

Challenging the Public Stigma of Alcohol Use Disorder in the UK Using Video ‘Education’ and ‘Contact’ Interventions: A Pilot Study

AbstractPublic stigma negatively impacts people with alcohol use disorder; yet, few interventions exist to reduce it. This quasi-randomised controlled pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of three such interventions. Participants (539 UK-based adults) watched a video presenting myths and facts about AUD (‘education’), personal testimonies about AUD (‘contact’), a combination of both (‘education and contact’) or a control video. Feasibility was assessed by examining recruitment capability, study retention and data quality, and participant satisfaction with the study’s procedures and interventions. Efficacy was assessed using self-report, public stigma measures issued at pre-test, post-test and 1-month follow-up. Stigma reduced significantly more in the intervention groups than in the control group at post-test and follow-up. Feasibility was generally high, though could be improved by shortening video length and enhancing video production quality. Education and contact videos are promising interventions for public AUD stigma, and merit further investigation.

Descriptive and content analysis of breast cancer vlogs on YouTube.

258 Background: Vlogs, or “video blogs,” are personally-created experiential videos based on wide-ranging topics, usually posted to YouTube. Many women with breast cancer (BC) document their cancer experiences in YouTube vlogs. These may have the potential to serve as peer-to-peer support and provide community. This study provides a descriptive and content analysis of vlogs by women with BC. Methods: YouTube was searched in incognito mode in 11/2023 using the search terms “breast cancer vlog.” A maximum of 10 videos/creator were included based on viewership and date created.Video characteristics collected included: title, length, number of views, likes, comments, and playlist inclusion. Videos were assessed for sponsorship, presence of explanation and discussion on BC, type of content, and themes. Creator characteristics included age, location, and engagement approaches. Descriptive and content analysis were performed to assess and analyze video content and potential areas where peer-to-peer support may be provided. Results: 90 vlogs by 13 creators were included, all originating from personal accounts. Mean video length, number of views, and number of comments were 21.4 minutes (SD 9.1), 266,780 (SD 534,465), and 1485 (SD 3422), respectively. 38.9% included hashtags. 12.2% included paid sponsorships. Most common filming location was at home (96.7%), followed by the hospital (31.1%), or in the car (21.1%). Home vlogs were most often set in the living room (44.3%), bedroom (33.0%), or kitchen (20.6%). 56.7% included visuals of treatment as well as physical findings. Creators addressed motivation for vlogging in 48.9%; the two most common reasons were wanting to build a community and helping others in a similar situation. In 46.7%, creators explicitly expressed emotion. Most common themes were treatment (85.6%), mental health (81.1%), side effects (72.2%), appearance (63.3%), and family relationships (36.7%). Subthemes included young age, finances, and the importance of online community support. Patient-directed advice was offered in 60.0%, mostly on treatment-related issues. In 56.7%,creators provided explicit treatment definitions. Chemotherapy was discussed in 70.0%; surgery in 57.8%, primarily mastectomy; radiation in 30.0%; general side effects in 71.1%. 24.4% were about a new diagnosis. When mentioned (44.4%), most common creator location was the USA. When mentioned (30.0%), most common age demographic was 20-29 years old. Conclusions: Vlogs by women with BC receive significant levels of engagement. The dedication to building community demonstrated by vlog creators, and the personal nature of their storytelling, advice, and suggestions, may make these vlogs a potential resource for peer-to-peer support.

Unlocking TikTok’s Formula: Video Length, Tags, and Beauty Content Success

With the rapid growth of TikTok in the digital era, beauty influencers have gained significant influence over consumer decisions, particularly through makeup product reviews. TikTok’s short and interactive content style has brought attention to how video characteristics such as length and the number of tags affect engagement metrics like views, likes, and comments. This research explores the impact of these factors using data analysis from a sample of 25 TikTok videos, where the average video length was 2 minutes and 20 seconds, and the top 25% of videos had lengths exceeding 3 minutes and 30 seconds. The findings reveal that longer videos tend to foster deeper engagement by providing more comprehensive reviews, with the top 25% of videos achieving 30% higher engagement than the average. Additionally, a higher number of tags significantly increases video reach. These insights are valuable for influencers and marketers looking to optimize their content strategies, particularly in the beauty industry, where maximizing audience engagement is crucial.

Toward Long Form Audio-Visual Video Understanding

We live in a world filled with never-ending streams of multimodal information. As a more natural recording of the real scenario, long form audio-visual videos (LFAVs) are expected as an important bridge for better exploring and understanding the world. In this article, we propose the multisensory temporal event localization task in long form videos and strive to tackle the associated challenges. To facilitate this study, we first collect a large-scale LFAV dataset with 5,175 videos and an average video length of 210 seconds. Each collected video is elaborately annotated with diversified modality-aware events, in a long-range temporal sequence. We then propose an event-centric framework for localizing multisensory events as well as understanding their relations in long form videos. It includes three phases in different levels: snippet prediction phase to learn snippet features, event extraction phase to extract event-level features, and event interaction phase to study event relations. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method, utilizing the new LFAV dataset, exhibits considerable effectiveness in localizing multiple modality-aware events within long form videos. We hope that our newly collected dataset and novel approach serve as a cornerstone for furthering research in the realm of LFAV understanding. Project page: https://gewu-lab.github.io/LFAV/ .

Abstract B026: TikTok and #CancerPrevention: A content analysis

Abstract Introduction: TikTok is a widely used social media platform that allows users to post original short-form videos, typically under three minutes long. Of the 121 million TikTok users in the United States, the majority fall in the 18-34 age range. While most videos are classified as “entertainment” users can explore an array of hashtags, including health-related messages. Given its potential to disseminate information on cancer prevention, our project explored the content of #CancerPrevention videos on TikTok. Methods: Using a naïve TikTok account via a web browser, the team extracted the URLs of the top 157 TikTok videos tagged with “CancerPrevention”. We simultaneously collected analytics of the number of likes the videos received, comments, bookmarks, shares, length of video, and upload date. We developed a content codebook that was refined over several sessions to enhance agreement. The team double-coded the top 60 videos that were available and in English. The remaining videos were not double-coded before the URL linking to the video expired, thus limiting our sample to 60. Average coder agreement was 89%. New data: The 60 videos included in the analysis totaled 679,346 likes, 12,567 comments, 180,151 bookmarks, and 69,300 shares. The median length of a video was 53 seconds (range 5 seconds to 7 minutes 24 seconds). The oldest video was posted in March 2021 and the newest in October 2023. Nearly half of the videos appeared to be from health professionals (43.5%), while a quarter were from lay individuals (22.6%). However, most videos were not affiliated with medical organizations, non-profits, or other reputable organizations (93.5%). As the hashtag suggested, most videos targeted a general audience (86.4%) and focused on cancer prevention (68.3%). Half of the videos discussed diet and nutrition as cancer prevention strategies (51.7%), while very few emphasized exercise (13.3%), tobacco use (6.7%), or alcohol use (8.3%). Most videos addressed general cancer prevention (69.5%), with colon cancer being the most frequently specified type (13.6%), followed by breast cancer (5.1%). Very few discussed pharmacology or industry-related topics (6.7%). More than half (56.7%) promoted unconventional cancer prevention strategies, such as avoiding sugar consumption, which is claimed in some videos “to feed cancer cells” and eating specific foods to prevent cancer. Conclusions: Despite uncertainties about its future, TikTok remains a highly popular social media platform among youth and young adults in the U.S., with the ability to rapidly disseminate messages to a wide audience. However, our project revealed that TikTok content often lacks evidence-based information, which can potentially lead to the spread of misinformation. Public health practitioners can use this opportunity to evaluate which messages garner the most engagement and develop research-based content that is relevant and accurate, countering the spread of inaccurate or harmful information. Citation Format:Victoria Churchill, Anika Jaiswal, Robert T. Fairman, Osato Eke, Brian M. Rivers. TikTok and #CancerPrevention: A content analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B026.

Persuasion for protection: an analysis of online safety videos on YouTube

PurposePublic service announcements (PSAs) have been shown to be effective instruments that raise awareness, educate society, and change behaviors and attitudes. Many governments and organizations have utilized PSAs on social media to promote online safety among children and youth. However, we have limited understanding of the range of topics that these PSAs address and how they present their content to audiences. This study provides an inventory of the types of online safety topics that current PSAs address and a catalogue of the types of persuasive features employed by PSAs.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of 220 YouTube PSA videos on online safety was conducted. Various topics under the umbrella of online safety were identified. Guided by the prospect theory and exemplification theory, different persuasive features employed in the PSAs were sought.FindingsThe findings highlight that the primary focus of these PSAs is on online safety behaviors and general instructions on online hygiene. Interestingly, nearly half of the videos employ a neutral frame, while a significant portion provides no evidential support. Additionally, video length was associated with the number of views and likes it gathered but not with the number of comments.Originality/valueThe inventory of PSAs can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers better understand the type of content being produced and disseminated online as well as identify topics that are either over or under-represented. Further, the catalogue of the types of persuasive features employed by PSAs would be helpful in guiding research, practice, and policymaking in the context of creating effective online safety videos.

The role of news content on Danish broadcasters' streaming services

Amidst the shift from linear TV to streaming, public-service media face the challenge of reconciling commercial competition with their public obligation of informing society. This longitudinal content analysis investigates the curation and platformization of news on the front pages of the video-on-demand services of two Danish broadcasters, DRTV and TV 2 Play. Sampling four days annually from 2020 to 2022, we take a longitudinal approach to assess news curation (i.e., positioning and accessibility on the front page) and news platformization (i.e., video length, hard vs. soft news composition, and prevalence of streaming-first content). We did not find strong evidence of platformization overall. A main difference between the broadcasters was in terms of curation, with DRTV consistently prioritizing the news deck, while TV 2 exhibited a declining trend over time. This study contributes valuable insights into the treatment of news by broadcasters within the evolving context of streaming services.

Analyzing Quality of YouTube Videos about Premature Ovarian Failure in the Past Decade

Background: To determine the quality of YouTube videos about premature ovarian failure (POF), and variations in quality of professional YouTube videos about POF. Methods: The selected terms including ‘POF’, ‘premature ovarian insufficiency’, ‘POF, infertility’, ‘POF, symptoms’, ‘POF, diagnosis’, and ‘POF treatment’ were searched on YouTube. Totally, 100 videos each uploaded by professional and non-professional sources were included. Characteristics of videos were noted and quality of YouTube videos were analyzed according to Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN scale. The two groups were compared in terms of video characteristics, GQS, and modified DISCERN score. Videos uploaded by professional sources were categorized into two different groups from the first 5 years and the last 5 years, and compared. Results: The mean number of views was 2961 for professional videos and 2003 for non-professional videos (p= 0.006), and the mean duration of videos was 10 minutes for professional videos and 6 minutes for non-professional videos (p= 0.001). When professional videos in the last 10 years were evaluated, number of views and ‘likes’ were significantly higher in favor of professional videos between 2014-2018 (p= 0.033 vs. p= 0.037). Video duration was significantly shortened for videos between 2019-2023 (p= 0.002). Patients as the target audience dominated videos prepared in the last 5 years (p= 0.001). Professional videos had significantly higher GQS and modified DISCERN score (p= 0.001 for each parameter). Moreover, GQS and modified DISCERN scores of professional videos increased significantly in the last 5 years (p= 0.001 vs. p= 0.023). Conclusions: Professional YouTube videos about POF had significantly higher quality and ‘like’ numbers, and the quality of professional YouTube videos about POF significantly increased in the last five years. The proportion of professional videos about POF being prepared for patients increased significantly in the last 5 years, but video length of professional videos significantly decreased.

A Study on the Characteristics of Sports Athletes' YouTube Channels and User Reactions.

This study examined the content characteristics and user responses of athlete-run sports YouTube channels, providing empirical insights for content production strategies and contributing to the development of athlete-run sports YouTube channels. Content analysis was conducted on 3306 videos posted on 20 popular YouTube channels of South Korean athletes from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. The formal characteristics analyzed included video length, the presence of foreign language subtitles, paid advertisements, and information sources. The content characteristics examined were the types of sports events, main content themes, and whether the content matched the athlete's sport. Results revealed significant differences in content characteristics and user responses based on whether the athletes were active or retired. This study's distinctive contribution lies in highlighting the evolving role of athletes as content creators and providing strategic implications for enhancing the competitiveness of athlete-run sports YouTube channels. Future research should consider a broader range of sports YouTubers and a wider variety of YouTube channels to gain comprehensive insights into the sports content ecosystem on this platform.

Quantitative Analysis of Online Courses for Learning the JavaScript Programming Language

Today, the JavaScript programming language ranks first both in the world well-known programming rankings and those in Ukraine in particular. The purpose of the research is quantitative analysis of online courses on learning JavaScript on well-known MOOC platforms. In order to achieve the purpose of our research, we used theoretical and quantitative (descriptive) methods. Also, we analyzed such well-known online platforms as Alison, Codecademy, Udemy, edX, Coursera as of December 2023. The number of online courses on each platform, their cost, an approximate user level, video length, etc. was used as criteria for the analysis. The analyzed MOOC was found to offer 1,795 online courses on learning the JavaScript programming language. Among them, 1,077 courses (60%) are paid, 201 courses (11%) can be taken for free, and 517 courses (29%) require optional payment. Most of the online JavaScript courses (788 courses, 44%) are developed for the Beginner level. Only 37 courses are available for experienced JavaScript programmers, which is 2% of the total number of online JavaScript courses. It was found that Codecademy and Udemy online platforms offer their users additional opportunities to learn JavaScript: programming projects (67 online courses); coding exercises (99 online courses); Practice test (55 online courses). The obtained results made it possible to formulate some proposals for choosing the optimal MOOC which helps to learn JavaScript, considering several selection criteria.

Descriptive and content analysis of breast cancer vlogs on YouTube.

18 Background: Vlogs, or “video blogs,” are personally-created experiential videos based on wide-ranging topics, usually posted to YouTube. Many women with breast cancer (BC) document their cancer experiences in YouTube vlogs. These may have the potential to serve as peer-to-peer support and provide community. This study provides a descriptive and content analysis of vlogs by women with BC. Methods: YouTube was searched in incognito mode in 11/2023 using the search terms “breast cancer vlog.” A maximum of 10 videos/creator were included based on viewership and date created. Video characteristics collected included: title, length, number of views, likes, comments, and playlist inclusion. Videos were assessed for sponsorship, presence of explanation and discussion on BC, type of content, and themes. Creator characteristics included age, location, and engagement approaches. Descriptive and content analysis were performed to assess and analyze video content and potential areas where peer-to-peer support may be provided. Results: 90 vlogs by 13 creators were included, all originating from personal accounts. Mean video length, number of views, and number of comments were 21.4 minutes (SD 9.1), 266,780 (SD 534,465), and 1485 (SD 3422), respectively. 38.9% included hashtags. 12.2% included paid sponsorships. Most common filming location was at home (96.7%), followed by the hospital (31.1%), or in the car (21.1%). Home vlogs were most often set in the living room (44.3%), bedroom (33.0%), or kitchen (20.6%). 56.7% included visuals of treatment as well as physical findings. Creators addressed motivation for vlogging in 48.9%; the two most common reasons were wanting to build a community and helping others in a similar situation. In 46.7%, creators explicitly expressed emotion. Most common themes were treatment (85.6%), mental health (81.1%), side effects (72.2%), appearance (63.3%), and family relationships (36.7%). Subthemes included young age, finances, and the importance of online community support. Patient-directed advice was offered in 60.0%, mostly on treatment-related issues. In 56.7%, creators provided explicit treatment definitions. Chemotherapy was discussed in 70.0%; surgery in 57.8%, primarily mastectomy; radiation in 30.0%; general side effects in 71.1%. 24.4% were about a new diagnosis. When mentioned (44.4%), most common creator location was the USA. When mentioned (30.0%), most common age demographic was 20-29 years old. Conclusions: Vlogs by women with BC receive significant levels of engagement. The dedication to building community demonstrated by vlog creators, and the personal nature of their storytelling, advice, and suggestions, may make these vlogs a potential resource for peer-to-peer support.

Bruxism treatment on Youtube: evaluating reliability and information accuracy

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the content and quality of videos about bruxism treatments on YouTube, a platform frequently used by patients today to obtain information.MethodsA YouTube search was performed using the keywords “bruxism treatment” and “teeth grinding treatment”. “The sort by relevance” filter was used for both search terms and the first 150 videos were saved. A total of 139 videos that met the study criteria were included in the study. Videos were classified as poor, moderate or excellent based on a usefulness score that evaluated content quality. The modified DISCERN tool was also used to evaluate video quality. Additionally, videos were categorized according to the upload source, target audience and video type. The types of treatments mentioned in the videos and the demographic data of the videos were recorded.ResultsAccording to the usefulness score, 59% of the videos were poor-quality, 36.7% were moderate-quality and 4.3% were excellent-quality. Moderate-quality videos had a higher interaction index than excellent-quality videos (p = 0.039). The video duration of excellent-quality videos was longer than that of moderate and poor-quality videos (p = 0.024, p = 0.002). Videos with poor-quality content were found to have significantly lower DISCERN scores than videos with moderate (p < 0.001) and excellent-quality content (p = 0.008). Additionally, there was a significantly positive and moderate (r = 0.446) relationship between DISCERN scores and content usefulness scores (p < 0.001). There was only a weak positive correlation between DISCERN scores and video length (r = 0.359; p < 0.001). The videos uploaded by physiotherapists had significantly higher views per day and viewing rate than videos uploaded by medical doctors (p = 0.037), university-hospital-institute (p = 0.024) and dentists (p = 0.006). The videos uploaded by physiotherapists had notably higher number of likes and number of comments than videos uploaded by medical doctors (p = 0.023; p = 0.009, respectively), university-hospital-institute (p = 0.003; p = 0.008, respectively) and dentists (p = 0.002; p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough the majority of videos on YouTube about bruxism treatments are produced by professionals, most of the videos contain limited information, which may lead patients to debate treatment methods. Health professionals should warn patients against this potentially misleading content and direct them to reliable sources.

Assessment of Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) Content on YouTube.

Online video hosting websites such as YouTube have been increasingly used by medical institutions to spread information about new and exciting topics. However, due to the large number of videos uploaded dailyand the lack of peer review, few attempts have been made to assess the quantity and quality of information that is uploaded on YouTube.For this study, our team assessed the available content on the transoral robotic surgery (TORS) procedure. A qualitative case study model was employed. Videos related to TORS were collected using a unified search protocol. Each video was then analyzed, and metrics of the following data points were collected: views, likes, comments, upload date, length of video, author type, author, and region of origin. Each dataset was analyzed by two distinct authors, and interrater reliability was calculated. Quantitative and qualitative statistics were curated. A total of 124 videos were analyzed for this review. The breakdown of videos was as follows: 15.32% (19) in the educational for patients category, 16.94% (21) in the educational for traineescategory, 30.65% (38) in the procedural overview category, 8.87% (11) in the patient experience (PE) category, 10.48% (13) in the promotional category, 12.10% (15) in the othercategory, and 5.65% (7) in the irrelevant (IR) category. The total number of views across all videos analyzed was 2,589,561. The total number of likes was 14,827, and the total number of comments was 2,606. The average video length was 8.63 minutes. The most viewed category was the PEcategory at 1,014,738 and the most liked at 1,714. The least viewed category was IRat 21,082. The PE category had the most engagement based on combined comments and likes. The most watched video, with 774,916 views, was in the PE category under the "TORS for Thyroidectomy" search term and was titled "Thyroid Surgery (Thyroidectomy)." As the prevalence of online videos regarding medical devices, procedures, and treatments increases, patients and trainees alike will look towardresources such as YouTube to augment their understanding. Patients, providers, and medical education platforms should take heed of the promise and pitfalls of medical content on YouTube.

어린이 애니메이션 비디오 페이싱

This study analyzed the screen transition pacing of children's animation programs using digital image processing. Based on a survey targeting parents of 4-6 years olds, 18 animation programs frequently watched by children were selected and compared by their origin of production countries. These 18 programs were classified into 11 domestic and 7 overseas programs. The analysis revealed that overseas programs exhibited more frequent pacing transitions. This difference remained significant after controlling for video length and episode characteristics. While there has been a lack of analysis on the strengths and content characteristics of Korean animation children programs, this study utilized computational methods to analyze screen transition characteristics of domestic and overseas programs. Furthermore, by revealing that Korean animation tends to have slower pacing, the study showed the potential for Korean animation to be relatively unaffected by negative influences related to children's cognitive development and video contents. Despite the scarce research on animation pacing in Korea, the importance of studying children's video content continues to rise, underscoring the significant role this study plays as a stepping stone in the field.

Quality, reliability, and content of YouTube videos in Portuguese language about dental trauma

Objective: To evaluate the quality, reliability and content of YouTube videos in Portuguese about dental trauma. Method: An infodemiological study was developed in which the first 60 videos found on YouTube with the terms “dental traumatism”, “dental trauma” and “broken tooth” were analyzed. Repeated videos, longer than one hour, in a language other than Portuguese, not intended for the lay public, resolution of questions, songs, interviews, shorts, and other subjects were excluded. The content of the videos was rated using a 23-point scale that classified them into low, moderate, and high content. Reliability was assessed using the modified DISCERN scale and the overall quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) scale. The numbers of likes, dislikes, comments and engagement were also accounted. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation test (α= 5%). Result: A total of 55 videos were included in the study. Most were posted by healthcare professionals (92.7%) and just over half (63.7%) were of good overall quality. There were moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlations between DISCERN and GQS scores (r=0.454), duration (r=0.575), and trauma content (r=0.510). Overall quality correlated moderately, positively, and significantly with content scores (r=0.604) and video length (r=0.467). Conclusion: A significant proportion of Portuguese videos on YouTube about dental trauma had low content, quality and reliability information.