Length Of Storage Period Research Articles

Evaluation of egg quality parameters of two Hungarian ostrich populations

The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality parameters, porosity and weight loss of eggs deriving from the two most significant ostrich farms in Hungary. Quality parameters included weight, length, width, shape index, egg volume, surface area, circumference and shell volume. The effect of storage conditions in both farms and the incubation technology on egg weight loss in farm “A” were also examined. The research objective was to impart a comprehensive knowledge on egg quality parameters of the main ostrich populations in Hungary and to compare the trios and the farms with each other and the international literature. We could reveal significant differences between trios in all egg quality traits. In conclusion, the shorter and the narrower the eggs were, the more spherical shape they had. Narrower eggs showed smaller surface area, volume, circumference and shell volume and vice versa. Eggs from farm “B” indicated significantly greater width, shape index, surface area, circumference and shell volume than farm “A”. A significant difference was observed in weight loss during storage between the farms. Weight loss in farm “A” was a multiple of farm “B”. In farm “B” there was a weak, positive correlation between storage period and weight loss (r=0.22, P≤0.05), in farm “A” it was not significant (P=0.52). There was no relationship between the initial egg weight and weight loss either in farm “A” or farm “B” (P=0,21, P=0,69). A slight positive correlation could be noted between egg porosity and weight loss (r=0.24, P≤0.05). Pores count presented here was less than the international results. Poultry eggs contain the most pores at the blunt end, less via the equator and the least at the pointed end. In ostrich egg we found more pores via the equator against the blunt end. To draw more precise conclusions, further investigation should be carried out on porosity. Considering the fact that the length of storage period and the weight loss during incubation are in strict correlation with hatchability, we intend to extend our research aims to these traits.

Impact of storage technologies on length of storage period and fruit quality of sweet cherries

Impact of storage technologies on length of storage period and fruit quality of sweet cherries

Stability of fatty acid-containing AKD emulsions and sizing performance on handsheets

This paper investigated the behavior of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) emulsions based on fatty acid addition in AKD waxes. Further, sizing performance was evaluated based on fatty acid addition in AKD waxes and the AKD emulsions dosage that was applied in the handsheet making process. Three kinds of commercial AKD emulsions, A1, A2, and A3, with different fatty acid addition present in AKD waxes (12.5, 15, and 20%, respectively) were kept in a water bath at 40, 50, and 60 °C for 15- and 30-days storage periods. After 15 and 30 days, AKD emulsions had been hydrolyzed, and the stability was evaluated in terms of particle size and viscosity. Hydrolyzed AKD was analyzed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR after a 30-days storage. According to these results, increasing fatty acid increased the viscosity and particle size, but viscosity decreased with the length of storage period. Sizing performance was also improved by increasing fatty acid addition present in AKD waxes and by using hydrolyzed AKD. Through FT-IR and 1H-NMR, bands at 1848 and 1720 cm−1 and a peak near 2.3 ppm, where ketones and carboxylic acid are typically found, clearly appeared.

The usefulness of sugar beets for biogas production in relations of the storage time and sugar content

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of sugar beet for biogas production, taking into account the duration time of storage and sugar content in the roots. The research has included analysis of methane and biogas yield of sugar beet. The relations between the sugar content in the roots and the length of storage period and the course of the methane fermentation process were determined. Sugar beets with sugar content of 17.6% and 19.6% were used for this experiment. In order to analyse the fermentation process, the fresh beets and the beets stored in flexible, hermetic tanks in the period of 43 and 89 days were used. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that the sugar content and the storage time of sugar beet roots can differentiate the production of biomethane and that it influences the methane fermentation process and the quality of the produced biogas.

건조방법을 달리한 노란 파프리카의 품질특성 변화

The study attempted to investigate the variation in the quality of the yellow paprika according to the duration of the yellow paprika and to use the basic materials for the development of various processed foods. The moisture content of dried paprika was 11.19% on the freeze-drying paprika (FD), and the amount of water was increased by 18.19% on the 15th day of the storage cycle. The pH has been significantly changed depending on the length of the storage period, and the sugar content in FD. The acidity contents was increased during storage in all dried paprikas showed the highest acidity, but hot air-drying paprika(HAD) was lowest in the acidity. The L value was decreased during storage period from the paprika outside and inside. The a value was not significantly dependent on the length of storage period from paprika outside and inside, and the b value increased the during storage period from paprika outside and inside. The texture of strongness, hardness, chewiness, and brittleness were decreased during storage period from all drying paprika except for FD, showing the increasing trend in cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and brittleness. The total aerobes changes was the lowest in HAD.

Identification of novel mutations in Japanese ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients using optimized targeted NGS for clinical diagnosis

ObjectiveOvarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an aggressive ovarian cancer with a higher frequency in Japan and often becomes chemorefractory disease. Reliable genetic diagnosis is essential to affirm the success of precision medicine for OCCC treatment. The aim of this study is, therefore, to identify novel mutations in OCCCs and develop a feasible clinical next generation sequencing (NGS) approach using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) rather than preferable but not always available fresh frozen (FF) samples. MethodsWe optimized and evaluated exome analyses of 409 cancer-related genes using FFPE and FF DNA and analyzed NGS data to identify somatic mutations in Japanese OCCCs. ResultsSufficient and good quality DNAs from FFPE samples were extracted from 18 (FIGO Stage I: 12) out of 29 pairs of matched normal and OCCC for NGS (63%). The fine quality of extracted DNAs depended on the length of storage period (<2years storage). We also identified 45 somatic mutations in 34 genes including unreported variants from those FFPE DNA, in which somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene was the most common (28%) as previously reported. Seven genes (PIK3CA, ARID1A, CTNNB1, CSMD3, LPHN3, LRP1B, and TP53) were mutated in at least two independent OCCCs. FF samples from 3 out of those 18 OCCCs were available and 13 out of 14 FFPE somatic mutations were confirmed. ConclusionsWe successfully identified novel genetic alterations in Japanese OCCCs and demonstrated a feasible clinical diagnostic procedure using targeted NGS for OCCC FFPE samples.

Acid phosphatase from stored Poa pratensis caryopses and its ability for binding to lectins

The effect of the storage period of &lt;em&gt;Poa pratensis&lt;/em&gt; caryopses on acid phosphatase activity and on the ability of this enzyme to interact with lectins has been studied. It has been shown that after ten years of caryopses storage, the activity of acid phosphatase decreased about 50 per cent, while the content of proteins and carbohydrates did not change. The decrease of enzyme activity during the long period of storage was found only in seeds, but not in chaffs. Acid phosphatase was isolated from caryopses stored one, two, three, five and ten years. The enzyme showed the ability to bind to immoblized as well as to free conA during the whole period of storage, hut did not react with Wheat Germen Agglutinin (WGA). The activation of acid phosphatase by binding to conA decreased with the length of storage period.

Effects of preincubation heating of broiler hatching eggs during storage, flock age, and length of storage period on hatchability

The effects of heating of eggs during storage, broiler breeder age, and length of egg storage on hatchability of fertile eggs were examined in this study. Eggs were collected from Ross 344 male × Ross 308 broiler breeders on paper flats, held overnight (1 d) at 18°C and 75% RH, and then transferred to plastic trays. In experiment 1, eggs were obtained at 28, 38, and 53 wk of flock age. During a further 10 d of storage, eggs either remained in the storage room (control) or were subjected to a heat treatment regimen of 26°C for 2 h, 37.8°C for 3 h, and 26°C for 2 h in a setter at d 5 of storage. In experiment 2, eggs from a flock at 28 wk of age were heated for 1 d of a 6-d storage period. Eggs from a 29-wk-old flock were either heated at d 1 or 5 of an 11-d storage period in experiment 3. In experiment 4, 27-wk-old flock eggs were heated twice at d 1 and 5 of an 11-d storage period. Control eggs stored for 6 or 11 d were coincubated as appropriate in each experiment. Heating eggs at d 5 of an 11-d storage period increased hatchability in experiment 1. Although no benefit of heating 28-wk-old flock eggs during 6 d of storage in experiment 2 was observed, heating eggs from a 29-wk-old flock at d 1 or 5 of an 11-d storage period increased hatchability in experiment 3. Further, heating eggs from a 27-wk-old flock twice during 11 d of storage increased hatchability in experiment 4. These effects were probably due to the fact that eggs from younger flocks had been reported to have many embryos at a stage of development where the hypoblast had not yet fully developed (less than EG-K12 to EG-K13), such that heating during extended storage advanced these embryos to a more resistant stage.

Storage of strawberry pollen

This study was carried out to determine storage ability of strawberry pollen at different temperatures for three different strawberry cultivars 'Aliso', 'Brio', and 'Cruz'. Strawberry pollen was stored at room temperature (22 ±2°C), +4°C, -4°C and -18°C in stabile humidity conditions. Strawberry poIlen was germinated using the hanging drop method in a 20% sucrose solution. Pollen germination rate increased because of low temperature storage. Pollen stored at room temperature and +4°C, -4°C, and -18°C was kept for 8 months, about one year, and 20 months, respectively. Pollen germination rates decreased as the length of storage period increased. The reaction of all cultivars tested on the duration and temperature of storage was similar.

Effect of storage conditions and duration on the potency of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seeds as a home-made Insecticide

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of grinding, storage conditions and duration on the bio-efficacy of neem seeds as a home-made insecticide against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Samples of neem seeds (intact and ground) were kept in small jute sacks and stored in the sun, refrigerator (4oC), and room temperature (28 ± 2oC) for two, four and six weeks in each condition. After the respective storage period, a water extract (5%) was prepared and sprayed topically on the 3 rd instar larvae of the beetle as well as on the pupal stage. A significant mortality of 62.83% resulted from the neem seeds stored in the refrigerator on the 7 th day of exposure. The seeds stored in the sun caused a mortality of 48.49%. The water extract from the seeds which were stored at room temperature, resulted in significantly high cumulative larval mortality of 50.30%. The efficacy of neem seeds kept in the sun was negatively affected and correlated with the length of storage period. However, the efficacy of the neem seeds stored in the refrigerator was increased with storage time. The pupal mortality due to spraying with water extract from neem seeds stored in the sun, refrigerator and room temperature was 49.67, 68.12 and 69.43% respectively. The mortality in the control (water treatment) was 7.33%. The results indicated that grinding of neem seeds before storage seems to have no effects on their efficacy.

Development of a Leguminous Leaf Meal Blocks as an Animal Feed

The present study was carried out with the objective of develoing a leguminous leaf meal (LM) block as an animal feed. Leguminous leaf meals were prepared from sun dried leaves and twigs of Acacia mangium (Acacia), Gliricidia sepium (Gliricidia), Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) and Calliandra calothyrsus (Calliandra). Nine recipes were prepared by adding coconut ( Cocos nusifera ) poonac, rice ( Oryza sativa ) bran, salt and a preservative (Sodium Meta Bi Sulphite) in different proportions. These LM preparations were pressed into briquettes and stored for three months under room temperature. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment. Two blocks were weighed and samples were analyzed for free fatty acid content (FFA) and Total Plate Count (TPC) each month to decide the length of storage period. Cost of production was calculated for each recipe. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measure analysis using SPSS version 13 and means were separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range test. Gliricidia and Leucaena leaf meals formed a tightly packed briquette when hydraulic pressure was applied compared to those prepared using Acacia and Calliandra. Further, Gliricidia leaf meal had the lowest (P DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v21i4.3317 TAR 2010; 21(3): 412-420

Efficacy of passive hair-traps for the genetic sampling of a low-density badger population

A hair-trapping survey was carried out in the western River Po plain (NW Italy). We aimed to test whether barbed wire hair snares in combination with DNA profiling might represent an effective tool to study a low-density badger population. Traps were placed above the entrances of twelve badger setts between 15 February and 30 April 2010. Trapping effort was expressed as the number of trap-nights required to pluck a hair sample and the trend in the number of genotyped individual over time was analysed by regression analysis. Forty-three hair samples were collected, with an overall trapping effort of 54.8 trap-nights per one hair sample. Twenty-eight samples yielded reliable genotypes, allowing the identification of nine individual badgers. The length of storage period (1-3 months) before DNA extraction did not seem to affect genotyping success. According to the regression model, trapping effort allowed to sample 75% of the overall population. Our results suggest that the efficacy of passive devices is affected by population density.

Ageing in embryos from wheat grains stored at different temperatures: oxidative stress and antioxidant response.

In the present work we studied oxidative stress as an important cause of seed deterioration during ageing in embryos from durum wheat grains stored at room temperature and at low temperature (10°C). The protective role of low temperature on seed viability was confirmed. The increase of hydrogen peroxide content during dry storage was strongly correlated with the decrease of germinability. Ascorbate and glutathione showed a good correlation with grain germinability and significantly increased upon imbibition, in particular in embryos from viable grains. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were studied quantitatively (enzymatic assays). APX, GR, and GPX were also studied qualitatively by native PAGE. The enzymes were active in dry, still viable, embryos whereas no activity was detected in non-viable embryos. With the exception of APX, all enzymatic activities decreased upon imbibition. The study of grains stored in different conditions indicated a negative correlation between the efficiency of the antioxidant enzymatic machinery and the age of the grain. The differences detected in differently stored materials confirmed that both germination parameters and the length of storage period are important in determining grain condition.

Effects of incorporation of ground mustard on quality attributes of chicken nuggets

Chicken nuggets were prepared from spent hen meat using ground mustard as phyto-preservative without impairing the sensory attributes of the product and also the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of mustard on keeping quality of the product was assessed. The emulsion stability (%), cooking yield (%) and moisture content (%) of the product containing ground mustard differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from the control. Nuggets containing ground mustard maintained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher sensory scores throughout the storage period (at 4 ± 1°C for 15days). The pH as well as thiobarbituric acid value increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with advancement of storage period. Ground mustard maintained significantly lower thiobarbituric acid values throughout the observation period than the control. Microbiological studies revealed significant increase in total plate count and lipolytic count with the length of storage period. Microbial counts were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in control than in nuggets containing ground mustard.

Effects of oral dosage form and storage period on the antioxidant properties of four species used in traditional herbal medicine

Herbal infusions and decoctions in water are some of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Although water is not a good solvent for many of the active components in herbs, liquid preparations are rich in several bioactive compounds. Most of them have powerful antioxidant activity and have been related to medicinal herbs' properties. Herein, decoctions and infusions in water of lemon-verbena (Aloysia citrodora) aerial parts and leaves, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) aerial parts with different periods of storage (0, 30, 60 and 120 days), were prepared. The effects of the method of preparation and storage period on their antioxidant properties were analysed. For all the analysed species, infusions gave better results than the corresponding decoctions. Spearmint infusions showed the highest antioxidant properties, at all the storage periods, probably due to the highest levels and synergy between phenolics, flavonoids and ascorbic acid found in this sample. Linear discriminant analysis confirmed that the length of storage period has a significant influence on the antioxidant activity and antioxidant content. Flavonoids and reducing sugars proved to be the parameters that most highly contributed to cluster individual groups according to different periods of storage.

Effect of storage period and chemical treatment on sunflower seed germination

SUMMARY Hybrid sunflower seed, regularly protected with chemicals, is used for sowing in the second or the third year if not used in the first year after production. In that case, it is stored in warehouses, and the length of storage period may significantly affect the quality of seeds. An experiment was conducted in Laboratory for Seed Testing of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, in order to examine the effect of storage period on germination of treated sunflower seeds of three commercial hybrids of the Novi Sad Institute. The seed was treated with fungicides - metalaxyl and fludioxonil, as well as with insecticides - thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, while untreated seeds served as control. The sowing was repeated throughout the year, at three-month intervals. The obtained results indicated that, on average, the hybrid Sremac had the highest (94.61%), and the hybrid Šumadinac the lowest seed germination (90.29%). After one year of storage, seed germination declined significantly. All three hybrids treated with fungicides and the control had a significantly higher germination than hybrids treated with insecticides. This regularity was not evident right after the treatment - it became noticeable during the storage.

EFFECT OF HARVESTING DATE, DRYING METHOD, AND STORAGE PERIOD ON THE ESSENTIAL OIL PERCENTAGE AND COMPOSITION OF Aloysia triphylla (L’Her.) Britton LEAVES.

Aloysia triphylla (L’Her.) Britton (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic shrub native to Argentina and Chille; known as herb louisa or lemon verbena. It is an important medicinal and aromatic plant that contains high quality essential oil of lemon scent that has an antifungal activity, and is used as a sedative, antispasmodic, anti diarrhea, and to add flavor to food and beverages. A study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 at the Experimental Station of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ. The research aimed to study the effect of drying method (shade and oven) and the length of storage period (2, 4 and 6 months) on essential oil percentage and composition of the leaves of two harvesting dates (June and September). The physical and chemical properties of the oil were determined and are included in this study. The results showed that the oil percentage obtained from September harvest was higher than that of June harvest in both seasons. Shade drying gave the highest oil % followed by oven drying method at 45C compared to the fresh leaves. In both June and September cuts, increasing storage period of the dried leaves of lemon verbena decreased the essential oil percentage in both drying methods. The G.L.C. of the essential oil of the fresh leaves revealed a total of 20 compounds. The total identified compounds constituted 83.5 % and 76.8 % in the oil of shade and oven dried leaves, respectively in June cut, while constituted 87.9 % and 85.9 % in the same order in September oil. The most important compounds in both cuts were 1,8-cineole, geranial, limonene, linalool, and spathulenol and accounted for 49 % of June oil, while summed 54.3 % in September. The method of drying affected the proportion of the oil components in the two cuts. The relative concentrations of each constituent changed with the length of the storage period. The percentage of some compounds increased (linalool and spathulenol), others decreased (1, 8- cineol, geranial, and limonene), while others changed slightly in their percentages (geranyl acetate and menthone). Some compounds were not present in the oil of June (α-pinene, camphene, citronellal, ocimene, and sabinene), while were present after storage. In September oil, citronellal and curcumene were found in the control, but disappeared after storage.

Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of cassava products and maize grain from markets in Tanzania and republic of the Congo

Food safety and compliance with international standards is a major challenging to achieve food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study evaluated the occurrence of Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp., and related fungi, and resultant aflatoxins and fumonsins in dried cassava and maize samples from various markets and villages in Tanzania and Congo. The relationship between mycotoxins and length of storage period was also elucidated. The levels of aflatoxin B1 varied from 0.3 to 4.4 ppb in cassava chips and flour, and from 0.1 to 13.0 ppb in stored cassava samples, with relatively high levels of contamination found in cassava stored for 4 months. Maize kernels showed high aflatoxin concentrations, with means ranging from 0.04 to 120 ppb. On maize, the dominant mycoflora were Aspergillus spp. (3.3%–39.5%) and Fusarium spp. (42%–70.5%), potentially causing serious health risks to consumers of these products. Low levels of fumonisin ranging from 0 to 0.07 ppm were found in cassava chips and flour with mean values ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 ppm. Maize recorded relatively higher fumonisin levels ranging from 0.02 to 9.4 ppm, indicating that maize is potentially a more serious risk to consumer health than cassava. This needs to be taken into account when developing strategies to reduce toxin contamination and improve health of populations. Aflatoxin in maize is a chronic problem in the two countries surveyed, limiting marketability and income. Nevertheless the collected cassava samples are also prone to aflatoxin contamination, but not fumonisin contamination.

Survival of &lt;i&gt;Sarocladium oryzae&lt;/i&gt; in rice seeds as affected by length of storage period

Survival of &lt;i&gt;Sarocladium oryzae&lt;/i&gt; in rice seeds as affected by length of storage period

Farmers perception and factors influencing post harvest yam losses in Nigeria

The study examined factors associated with yam tuber losses in storage and farmers perception of these losses. Inference was drawn from 123 yam farmers interviewed across the yam belt of Nigeria spanning guinea savanna zone (G/S); forest/ savanna transition zone (F/S) and rain forest (R/F). Results show that farmers in the G/S and R/F store their yams in various forms of traditional barns whereas farmers in the F/S zone do not have yam storage facilities.Tuber rot is a major source of storage problem across the zones and farmers perceived losses to be high especially in areas where yams are not processed into dried chips. Length of storage period and presence of rot symptoms on tubers at harvest significantly (P < 0.5) influenced yam tuber loss while presence of disease symptom on leaves and stems and insect pest infestation positively influenced yam total loss. Yam storage facility should be well ventilated and be adequately protected from adverse weather and rodents as well as microbial activities. Keywords: Yam storage methods; farmer's perception; rots, storage periods, dried chips.Bowen Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 (1&2) 2008: pp. 72-79