Sleeve Length Research Articles

Establishing the program to predict Shirt Sizes with Fuzzy Logic

This paper presents a program for prediction shirt size with a fuzzy logic technique. The Mamdani model is applied to a MISO fuzzy system with two inputs and one output. Neck girth and sleeve length are chosen as the primary dimensions, serving as input variables for this simulation model. In this study, fuzzy logic is used to select the size of the Min-Max rule. The IF-THEN structure is applied to execute commands effectively within this model. The outcome is an appropriate size. The program’s fuzzy rule matrix consists of 45 rows and 5 columns. Each row is a fuzzy rule. The first column represents the 9 sizes of necklaces. The second column represents the 5 groups of sleeve lengths. The third column represents the 9 predicted sizes in the output. The third column represents the 9 predicted output sizes. The fourth column is the weight coefficient. The last column represents the logical connection type. The fuzzy logic approaches significantly reduces the time required. This approach provides an alternative method for prediction sizes that more accurately align with individual body measurements, offering a personalized fit.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Single-Bar Extrusion Anchorage Structure.

The reliable anchorage of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons is a critical issue influencing the stable bearing capacity of bridge cables. This study introduces a novel CFRP single-strand extrusion anchoring structure, where the strand is compressed at its end. By integrating this with internal cone filler wrapping, we create a CFRP multi-strand cable composite anchoring system. This innovative design not only minimizes the overall dimensions of the anchoring system but also significantly improves its anchoring efficiency coefficient. An axisymmetric model was developed using ANSYS finite element software. The radial stress distribution and anchorage efficiency coefficient in the anchorage zone of Φ7 CFRP bar and Φ13.6 extrusion die were analyzed with varying parameters, such as chamfering, outer diameter, and length of the extrusion sleeve, and were validated through static load anchorage tests. The results indicate that the highest anchoring efficiency is achieved when four extrusion sleeves with a chamfer angle of 5°, an outer diameter of Φ14.4, and a length of 15 mm are connected in series, reaching a coefficient of 61.04%. Furthermore, this study proposes an anchorage structure where multiple extrusion sleeves are connected in series and sequentially compressed to overcome the limitations of increasing anchorage length for enhancing the anchorage coefficient. The test results demonstrate that with equal total anchorage length, connecting four 15 mm extrusion sleeves in series enhances the anchorage efficiency coefficient by 24.98% compared to a single 60 mm extrusion sleeve structure.

Numerical derivation of pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams of prefabricated RC columns with steel joints subjected to blast loads

In recent decades, terrorist attacks and accidental explosions have occurred frequently. The casualties are not only caused by the shock wave, but also by the structural collapse initialed from the failure of structural columns. In this paper, the dynamic response and damage mechanism of prefabricated reinforced concrete (RC) columns with steel joints (PRC) subjected to blast loads are numerically investigated. By comparing the numerical results with the experimental results, the accuracy of the finite element (FE) model is firstly verified. Then, dynamic responses and damage of PRC under blast loads induced by the TNT explosions and vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) are investigated and compared with each other. The results indicated that PRC damage under VCEs with 9.3 MPa is larger than that under TNT explosions. Conversely, the damage under VCEs with 7 MPa is smaller than that under TNT explosions, and the blast-induced damage and dynamic behavior of PRC under two types of explosions is different. Subsequently, parametric studies are further carried out to investigate the influence of key parameters of PRC, including longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratio, column dimensions, concrete strength, steel sleeve dimensions on PRC damage. It is revealed that different parameters affect the damage for PRC column in different load regions of P-I diagrams, including the impulsive load region, dynamic load region and quasi-static load region. Increasing the sleeve length, sleeve ratio and transverse reinforcement ratio improves the shear-resistant performance of PRC, and these parameters more easily affected PRC damage in the impulsive load region. Increasing the concrete strength and column depth can increase the blast-resistant performance of PRC in three load regions. Based on parametric studies, pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams for damage evaluation of PRC under VCEs and TNT explosions are proposed and verified. Finally, Blast-resistant design procedure of PRC based on P-I diagram is developed.

Experimental and numerical investigations on tensile failure mechanism and load-bearing capacity of expansion anchors under pull-through failure mode in HPSFRC

Pull-through(PT) is a unique failure mode of torque-controlled expansion(TCE) anchor after being pulled out from concrete. No universal design formula is available for predicting tensile bearing capacity of anchor of PT mode. In normal concrete(NC), PT failure usually occurs at large embedment depths(Hef), which is uncommon in the field and received less attention than the concrete breakout failure. However, due to the improved mechanical performance of the substrate, the PT mode dominates for anchors in high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete(HPSFRC) substrate (even at small Hef). In this study, to study the PT mode in HPSFRC, the results of 34 PT failures from previous tests, including testing scenarios with different anchor diameters(D), Hef, and fiber contents(vf), are analyzed. The cracking morphology and load-bearing capacity distribution of PT mode are elaborated. Further, finite element models(FEM) of anchor pullout behavior in HPSFRC is established, which accurately identified different failure modes. The calculated Nu by FEM agree well with the tested Nu. The difference in damage domain between different failure modes is mainly reflected in the unloading stage. Parametric analyses were conducted on pre-tightening torque(Tini), Hef, D, sleeve length(Lsleeve), anchor cone width, anchor cone length(Lcone), and vf to study their influences on Nu of PT mode. Except for Lsleeve and Lcone, which do not affect Nu, changes in other factors can cause linear or nonlinear changes in Nu. The non-linear relationship between Nu and experimental parameters is formulated. Accordingly, a new prediction model that can accurately predict Nu of PT mode for anchors in HPSFRC is developed, of which calibration factors are derived using probability functions.

Integrated design of insertions-extractions performance and contact reliability of spring-wire socket electrical connector

With the improvement of the reliability and lifespan of electrical connectors, the traditional single objective design focusing solely on performance or reliability has become inadequate to meet the requirements. This paper analyzes the failure mechanism of a specific electrical connector under the conditions of insertions-extractions. It establishes a contact degradation model and an integrated design model that considers mechanical properties and reliability. By analyzing the integrated design model, the optimization variables have been defined as the radius of the spring wire, the radius of the pin, the inner radius of the inner sleeve, the length of the inner sleeve, and the inclination of the spring wire. Additionally, the objective function of optimization has been determined. The optimal solutions that satisfy the constraints were calculated using the global optimization algorithm. The optimization results not only achieve the goal of high reliability but also the goal of extended mechanical life.

Numerical investigation of cold formed steel sleeve connection for channel sections subjected to combined bending and shear

This study focuses on the behaviour of the sleeve connection to ensure proper distribution of moment at the location of discontinuity between two channel sections subjected to combined bending and shear using finite element (FE) modelling. The FE model was validated with the experimental data from previous authors studies and was found. A total of 180 simulations were carried out as part of the parametric study, by varying the depth, thickness, length of sleeve connector, length of the test specimen, and bolt configuration. Two modes of failure were identified based on sleeve length (Ls) and combination of sleeve length and channel thicknesses. The Ls/D ratios were suggested to achieve a similar strength and stiffness of sleeve specimen when compared with control specimen. The influence of sleeve length on the ultimate moment resistance was studied for combination of sleeve length and channel thickness. The increase in the channel thickness from 2 mm to 2.5 mm led to as significant increase in the ultimate moment resistance. An equation was proposed to calculate the nominal moment capacity of sleeved specimens and reliability analysis of this equation was carried out. The conservativeness of the proposed design procedure was checked by comparing it with the AISI S100 [1] interaction curve.

Research on the Factors Influencing the Seismic Performance of Grouting Sleeve Assembled Double-Column Piers

The present study investigated the influence of key design parameters on the seismic performance of prefabricated precast assembled piers’ connection parts to better adapt to the industrialized construction of prefabricated precast assembled pier connected using grouting sleeves. Relying on a prefabricated assembled bridge in the actual project, the ABAQUS software was used to establish a refined solid finite element model of prefabricated assembled piers connected with grouting sleeves. Numerical simulation analysis was conducted for the piers with low circumferential reciprocating loading. The seismic performance of the prefabricated assembled piers was evaluated in terms of hysteresis characteristics, dissipation characteristics, and damage development. The effects of the length of the grouting sleeve and the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement on the seismic performance were also investigated. The maximum error between the numerical simulation results and the test results was 5.7%, and the plastic region of the precast assembled pier obtained from the numerical simulation was consistent with the test results, indicating that the numerical simulation method is accurate and reliable. When the length of the grouting sleeve increased from 0.6 to 1.2 m, the yield load, peak load, and dissipation of energy of prefabricated assembled piers increased by 11.6%, 10.9%, and 11.4%, respectively; no significant change in residual displacement; ductility coefficient decreased by a small amount. When the longitudinal reinforcement diameter increased from 20 to 50 mm, prefabricated assembled piers yield load, peak load, and dissipation increased by 99.6%, 89.3%, and 218.9%, respectively, whereas the residual displacement increased by 137.3%, and the ductility coefficient decreased more. Increasing the length of the grouting sleeve or increasing the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement improved the stiffness of the piers, causing the piers to displace less and damage less under the same force, but the residual displacement would increase.

Clothing image attribute editing based on generative adversarial network, with reference to an upper garment

PurposeNowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has demonstrated extensive applications in the field of art design. Attribute editing is an important means to realize clothing style and color design via computer language, which aims to edit and control the garment image based on the specified target attributes while preserving other details from the original image. The current image attribute editing model often generates images containing missing or redundant attributes. To address the problem, this paper aims for a novel design method utilizing the Fashion-attribute generative adversarial network (AttGAN) model was proposed for image attribute editing specifically tailored to women’s blouses.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed design method primarily focuses on optimizing the feature extraction network and loss function. To enhance the feature extraction capability of the model, an increase in the number of layers in the feature extraction network was implemented, and the structure similarity index measure (SSIM) loss function was employed to ensure the independent attributes of the original image were consistent. The characteristic-preserving virtual try-on network (CP_VTON) dataset was used for train-ing to enable the editing of sleeve length and color specifically for women’s blouse.FindingsThe experimental results demonstrate that the optimization model’s generated outputs have significantly reduced problems related to missing attributes or visual redundancy. Through a comparative analysis of the numerical changes in the SSIM and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) before and after the model refinement, it was observed that the improved SSIM increased substantially by 27.4%, and the PSNR increased by 2.8%, serving as empirical evidence of the effectiveness of incorporating the SSIM loss function.Originality/valueThe proposed algorithm provides a promising tool for precise image editing of women’s blouses based on the GAN. This introduces a new approach to eliminate semantic expression errors in image editing, thereby contributing to the development of AI in clothing design.

Odontologinės priežiūros studijų programos studentų rankų higienos reikalavimų laikymasis studijų procese

This study aimed to analyze the adherence to hand hygiene requirements among students enrolled in a dental care study program during the academic process. The study was conducted in March 2024 at the Clinical Dental Care Cabinet of Health Care Faculty. The study group consisted of 16 students from the Dental Care study program (first and second year). A qualitative research method was applied, involving assessment of hand hygiene requirements and examination of hand antisepsis quality. During practical sessions, it was observed that students' work attire was orderly, and sleeve length complied with hygiene requirements. Most students work with long and/or lacquered nails. Students wash their hands correctly, but a small portion of students make hand antisepsis errors. Most students' knowledge meets hand hygiene requirements. Hand antiseptic irritates students' hands the most, resulting in very dry and flaky skin.

Structural and electro-anatomical characterization of the equine pulmonary veins: implications for atrial fibrillation

Introduction/objectivesSpontaneous pulmonary vein (PV) activity triggers atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. Although AF frequently occurs in horses, the origin remains unknown. This study investigated the structural and electro-anatomical properties of equine PVs to determine the potential presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate. Animals, materials and methodsEndocardial three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (EnSite Precision) using high-density (HD) catheters was performed in 13 sedated horses in sinus rhythm. Left atrium (LA) access was obtained retrogradely through the carotid artery. Post-mortem, tissue was harvested from the LA, right atrium (RA), and PVs for histological characterization and quantification of ion channel expression using immunohistochemical analysis. ResultsGeometry, activation maps, and voltage maps of the PVs were created and a median of four ostia were identified. Areas of reduced conduction were found at the veno-atrial junction. The mean myocardial sleeve length varied from 28 ± 13 to 49 ± 22 mm. The PV voltage was 1.2 ± 1.4 mV and lower than the LA (3.4 ± 0.9 mV, P < 0.001). The fibrosis percentage was higher in PV myocardium (26.1 ± 6.6%) than LA (14.5 ± 5.0%, P = 0.003). L-type calcium channel (CaV1.2) expression was higher in PVs than LA (P = 0.001). T-type calcium channels (CaV3.3), connexin-43, ryanodine receptor-2, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel-3 was expressed in PVs. ConclusionsThe veno-atrial junction had lower voltages, increased structural heterogeneity and areas of slower conduction. Myocardial sleeves had variable lengths, and a different ion channel expression compared to the atria. Heterogeneous properties of the PVs interacting with the adjacent LA likely provide the milieu for re-entry and AF initiation.

Finite Element Analysis of Corrosion Tubular T-Joint Repaired with Grouted Clamp

A finite element (FE) analysis of corroded circular hollow section T-joints repaired using grouted clamps is presented in this study. To ensure an accurate simulation, experiments on a T-joint with uniform corrosion and an intact T-joint with grouted clamp are reproduced separately using an FE model. The experimental and FE modeling results correlate closely, displaying similar failure behaviors and load–displacement responses. Subsequently, a total of 56 FE T-joint models with varying degrees of corrosion on the chord, repaired by grouted clamp, were then analyzed numerically. The corrosion was artificially applied to the chord’s outer surface at depths of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the chord’s thickness. The models also account for variations in joint geometry, dictated by parameters β and γ, which range from 0.565 to 0.678 and from 21 to 28, respectively. Furthermore, grouted clamp’s properties were examined, including sleeve length, thickness, strength, as well as the thickness and strength of the grout, in relation to the complexity of the repair. The grouted clamp demonstrated significant repair capability, increasing the ultimate strength of the corroded joint by up to 2.23 times. Reinforcements that are both thicker and longer substantially enhance the joint’s ultimate strength. However, inappropriate repair construction results in an abrupt termination of the load–displacement curve and a brittle failure phenomenon outside reinforced chord region. Additional weight from the grouted clamp requires reasonable control, and sleeve overlapping ratio should be guaranteed to be greater than 0.7. The joint bearing capacity can be efficiently increased by thicker grouts and sleeves only in ductile failure cases. The confinement effect and mechanism of the grouted clamp in joint deformation were visually analyzed as stress distribution from FE analysis results. Finally, a prediction equation is proposed to estimate the static strength of the repaired joint through regression analysis.

Equivalent plastic hinge length of sleeve connected precast bridge piers

The paper proposes a method to calculate the deformation capacity of sleeve connected precast piers by assuming different curvature distributions for three types of damage forms. It also presents a calculation method for the displacement capacity of the top of precast piers. The study analyzes test data from 46 sleeve-connected precast piers to determine the classification of the three damage forms and the impact of design parameters on the plastic hinge length. Additionally, an equivalent plastic hinge model for precast piers with sleeve connections is established, considering bending, shear, longitudinal bar slip, and sleeve length. The F-Δ curve is determined through the utilization of the suggested equivalent plastic hinge model and the cast-in-place (CIP) based equivalent plastic hinge model, and the test results of three precast piers are compared. The results show that the precast pier with sleeve connection can experience three distinct types of damage: the pier bottom damage, the double plastic hinge zone damage and the sleeve top damage. According to the theory of correlation degree, the damage form of precast piers is more significantly affected by the axial compression ratio, while its impact on the equivalent plastic hinge length is relatively smaller. As the axial compression ratio increases, the influence of sleeve length on the equivalent plastic hinge length also increases. The proposed four parameter calibration equation for the equivalent plastic hinge length in this study has highly correlated properties. This equation demonstrates improved accuracy in simulating the F-Δ curve for the three distinct damage forms when compared to the CIP model, and the calculated value is well fitted with the experimental value.

Experimental and numerical investigation of bolted steel endplate with bonded sleeve end connections for pultruded GFRP circular tubular hollow beams

The paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of bolted steel endplates with bonded sleeve connections developed for connecting pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) circular tubular beams. The moment-rotational responses were investigated in detail in terms of initial rotational stiffness, moment capacity, and rotation capacity for all the connections. The effect of endplate thickness and bonded sleeve length was also investigated. Predominant failure modes include bending and yielding of thinner endplates, while thicker endplates with low bonded sleeve lengths exhibit splitting failure in the bonded GFRP beam region. Available design codes for steel joints were used to classify the developed connections in terms of rigidity and strength. The failure modes from the finite element models were well matched by the experimental observations, which include the deformation of the endplate and the cohesive failure within the bonded sleeve region with the GFRP beam.

Performance of high strength steel bar splice with novel grouted deformed sleeve under tensile load

High-strength steel (HSS) bars can solve bar congestion problem in beam-column joints of monolithic precast concrete frame structure. Unfortunately, its application in precast concrete structures is greatly hindered by few researches on HSS bar grout splice. In this paper, utilizing large-diameter HRB600 reinforcements with specified yield strength of 600 MPa, 34 splice specimens were prepared considering the parameters of embedded length, grout strength and inner cavity structure of sleeve. Through uniaxial tension test, it is shown that the embedment length has the greatest effect on the structural performance of grouted splice. For the d28 bar grout splice, 8db is the minimum embedded length to ensure bar fracture failure, which is longer than the normal-strength steel bar grout splice. For the splices with embedded length not smaller than 5db and concentric ribs not less than five, excessive ribs set on the sleeve cannot significantly increase the tensile strength of the grouted splice, but further adding one rib still can effectively reduce the elastic residual deformation. Similar test results have been observed for the effect of grout strength. As the compressive strength increases from 95.3 MPa to 118.2 MPa, the tensile strength improves only by about 2.52%, but the residual deformation decreases significantly by 11.68% on average. For a high-strength large-diameter bar grout splice, it is recommended to set six concentric ribs at each side of the sleeve, and select 8db as the minimum embedded length to achieve reliable performance.

Designing for Unique Female Figures: A Study in the Cape Coast Metropolis

This study looks into challenges custom designers face in constructing garments for unique female figures and the satisfaction derived in terms of fit and comfort by the unique female figures, namely: 'A,' 'V,' 'H' and 'O' body shapes, in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. A total of 120 participants, comprising 60 custom designers and 60 unique figures, were purposively sampled and data were collected using observational checklists and structured interviews. The study reveals that garment shaping is the most challenging process custom designers face in garment making for unique figures. Unique figures were barely satisfied with the overall garment fit of their custom-made garments. The 'A' body shapes were most displeased, whereas the 'H' body shapes were most pleased with the fit of their custom-made garments. This study observes that custom designers' adjustment methods are not suitable for the shoulders, bust, waist, hip, buttock, thigh and armhole areas of the garment resulting in fit problems for their customers. Also, custom designers are not aware of some garment areas, such as the bust, armhole, sleeve length, waist, hip, thigh and buttock, which give problems to their clients. It is recommended that designers should always be abreast with how to manipulate patterns or incorporate adaptation techniques while cutting out fabric so that garments fit different body types.

Mechanical performance of prefabricated concrete beam-column joints with double-grouted sleeve connectors: A numerical and theoretical study

This paper presents a systematic numerical study on the structural performance of a newly developed quick-buildable beam-column joint with double-grouted sleeves considering its surface-to-surface contact behaviour between the prefabricated concrete and grouting mortar and strain penetration of the transition rebar. Theoretical analysis is also conducted to predict the load-bearing capacity of the proposed connection. After validation with experimental data, the finite element model is employed to investigate the effects of different factors including protruding beam length and grouting mortar thickness on the structural behaviour of the joint. Results indicate that the maximum stress of the reinforcing bars in the joint with no protruding beam is approximately 15.0% greater than that with a protruding beam, while the maximum stress of the joint anchorage bars decreases by around 87.0% when the short sleeves are placed completely in the joint core area. As the protruding beam length increases, the maximum crack width drops rapidly first and then slowly with a turning point of 1.36 times the short sleeve length, and the highest load-bearing capacity is achieved when the protruding beam length and short sleeve length equal. With the rising grouting mortar thickness, the maximum stress of the transition rebar reduces rapidly first and then slowly with an inflexion point of 50 mm. The change in eccentricity of the transition rebar leads to an around 3% change in the load-bearing capacity of the joint without a projecting beam. The theoretical predictions are in satisfactory agreement with numerical results and can be adopted for practical engineering design.

Seismic performance of concrete-filled steel tubular column connections using blind bolts

In this study, a demountable connection that connects the upper and lower concrete-filled steel tubular columns with an inner sleeve section and blind bolts (referred to as Hollo-Bolts in this study) is proposed. The utilization of Hollo-Bolts allows them to be installed outside the steel tubes prior to the concrete casting and renders such connection to be readily dismantled after typical service loading. In order to study the seismic performance of the concrete-filled steel tubular column-column connection, six specimens were designed in the present study. The studied parameters included the axial load ratio, length of the inner sleeve, and location of the connection. The results demonstrated that the proposed connection exhibited good ductility performance, and the disassembly and reassembly of the connection after a service loading had no significant effect on their seismic performance. Additionally, the load-transfer mechanism of the concrete-filled steel tubular column-column connection was explored. Simplified formulae of anti-slip flexural bearing capacity of the connection were proposed, and the predicted values agreed well with the test results on the safe side.

Pulmonary Vein Myocardial Sleeve Length and its Association With Sex and 4q25/PITX2 Genotype

BackgroundExperimental evidence suggests genetic variation in 4q25/PITX2 modulates pulmonary vein (PV) myocardial sleeve length. Although PV sleeves are the main target of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, little is known about the association between different PV sleeve characteristics with ablation outcomes. ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the association between clinical and genetic (4q25) risk factors with PV sleeve length in humans, and to evaluate the association between PV sleeve length and recurrence after AF ablation. MethodsIn a prospective, observational study of patients undergoing de novo AF ablation, PV sleeve length was measured using electroanatomic voltage mapping before ablation. The sentinel 4q25 AF susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2200733, was genotyped. The primary analysis tested the association between clinical and genetic (4q25) risk factors with PV sleeve length using a multivariable linear regression model. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, height, and persistent AF. The association between PV sleeve length and atrial arrhythmia recurrence (>30 seconds) was tested using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. ResultsBetween 2014 and 2019, 197 participants were enrolled (median age 63 years [IQR: 55 to 70 years], 133 male [67.5%]). In multivariable modeling, men were found to have PV sleeves 2.94 mm longer than women (95% CI: 0.99-4.90 mm; P < 0.001). Sixty participants (30.5%) had one 4q25 risk allele and 6 (3.1%) had 2 alleles. There was no association between 4q25 genotype and PV sleeve length. Forty-six participants (23.4%) experienced arrhythmia recurrence within 3 to 12 months, but there was no association between recurrence and PV sleeve length. ConclusionsCommon genetic variation at 4q25 was not associated with PV sleeve length and PV sleeve length was not associated with ablation outcomes. Men did have longer PV sleeves than women, but more research is needed to define the potential clinical significance of this observation.

Phononic crystal pipe with periodically attached sleeves for vibration suppression

Flexural vibration of pipes is a common problem in many practical engineering applications, which usually influences the operating state of the system or even causes damage of the equipment. In the present work, an easy-realized design of phononic crystal pipe is proposed to implement vibration suppression by directly upgrading the bare pipe with attached sleeves without replacing the original structure. Based on the mechanism of Bragg scattering, flexural wave bandgap could be obtained with the periodical changing in cross section of the sleeved pipe. Sleeve installation generates both added mass and added stiffness simultaneously, which leads to the parabolic variations in edge frequencies of the bandgap against sleeve dimensions. Asynchronous recovery of the two frequency loci makes the bandgap close up when the sleeve covers about half length of the unit cell. This feature is not observed in analyses of binary phononic crystal pipes. Equivalent models are proposed to discuss the predicted variations, and the singular dependence of closure of bandgap on sleeve length is theoretical explained. Experiments are carried out to validate the feasibility of attaching sleeves for flexural vibration suppression of pipes. The proposed design could effectively attenuate the vibration energy with the intended bandgap.

The quasi-static test of hollow prefabricated circular pier with high-strength reinforcement and calculation method for plastic hinge length

A high-strength hollow prefabricated circular pier with HTRB600E high-strength reinforcement was proposed to realise lightweight prefabricated piers and optimise their seismic performance. Its seismic performance was investigated by comparing and analysing the seismic performance indices of four different types of piers under low-cyclic reciprocating load. The finite element model (FEM) was used to analyse the influences of the grouted sleeve length, axial compression ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement strength on the equivalent plastic hinge length of the proposed pier. The equation for calculating the equivalent plastic hinge length under different working conditions was based on multiple linear regression. The results showed that different parameters had different degrees of influence on the plastic hinge length of the proposed pier, with the axial compression ratio having the strongest influence.