Length Of Mesosternum Research Articles

Estimation of stature from length of sternum in adult females of North East Madhya Pradesh - An autopsy based study

Determination of stature is an important step to complete the biological profile of an individual to establish identity particularly in partially skeletonized, dismembered, mutilated, and highly decomposed bodies. The present descriptive observational study was conducted on 50 female cadavers of age more than 25 years brought for medicolegal autopsy in this tertiary care center located in north east Madhya Pradesh. The aim of the present study was to find out a correlation between the lengths of different parts of fresh sternums and stature and derive a simple linear regression equation for stature estimation from the length of the sternum. Simple linear regression formulae were derived by correlating stature with the length of manubrium, length of mesosternum, and the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum. We observed a moderately positive correlation between stature and length of manubrium (R=0.167) and the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum (R=0.207). Amongst all parameters taken into consideration in the present study, stature can be most reliably predicted by the regression equation which is derived from the correlation between stature and the combined length of the manubrium and mesosternum [standard error of estimate (SEE) - 5.85]. Due to lesser values of correlation coefficient and higher SEE, lengths of different parts of the sternum are less reliable in predicting stature than lengths of long bones, hand length, and foot length. The findings of the present study will be useful for rapid estimation of stature in relatively fresh but mutilated bodies or badly decomposed bodies only when long bones are not available or are partially broken and fragmented.

Correlation between various Measurements of Sternum with Stature - An Autopsy based Study

The sternum is of crucial significance while estimating body stature. Dwight, in the late 19th century, discussed potential use of the sternum for estimation of the stature. Various researchers have shown that the sternum may be of use in stature assessment merely when long bones are not obtainable. The study was conducted to analyse the correlation between the stature and various measurements of the sternum. The posterior curved length, length of manubrium, length of mesosternum and length of sternum were measured in 300 adult sterna. The mean length of a cadaver (Stature) was observed to be greater in males (162.34 ± 8.03 cm) as compared to females (156.53 ± 8.50 cm). A positive moderate correlation (R ranging from 0.332 to 0.647) was observed between various measurements of sternum with stature in both the genders. Sternal length shall be considered as a better parameter over other sternal measurements for estimating the stature. However the application for utilizing the sternum for stature estimation should be restricted to the population sample for and from which they have been developed.

Determination of Sex from the Length of Mesosternum (Body of Sternum) in Indore Region, Madhya Pradesh

Introduction: Skeletal remains or decomposed bodies are an important initial step in forensic investigation. Determination of skeletal Sex from unknown mutilated and decomposed bodies has been a critical issue in medico legal cases and the accuracy depends on the nature and types of material available and methods applied. Sternum is a bone which is easily retrievable even from the advance decomposed, mutilated body and also from the bundle of bone so it become very important bone for age and sex determination.

Determination of Sex from Human Adult Sternum

Background: Forensic Medicine is a growing medical field with many subareas. General public usually associate the subject with the dead and autopsies alone. Forensic Anthropology is the sub field in physical anthropology, especially for solving criminal cases by applying skeletal analysis. The present study was done to study, compare, analyze the sternal measurements among both sexes and evaluate the reliability of different parameters of the adult sternum to determine the sex of an individual.Materials and Methods: Present study was a prospective study done at Department of Forensic Medicine at Kasturba Medical College, Manipal during the period of 2015-2018 on 92 dead individuals belonging to the South India, whose age was more than 18 years. The study population comprised of 47 males and 45 females and statistical analysis was done. The following measurements were obtained, M1-Length of manubrium; M2 Length of mesosternum; M1+M2-Combined lengths of manubrium and mesosternum; MCI-Manubrio corpus index; W4 Width of the sternum at the level of the fourth rib.Results and Conclusion: All the parameters were observed to be statistically highly significant with a p<0.001. This study reinforces that sexing of human sternum is possible with reasonable accuracy with combinations of new parameters

Determination of Stature from Sternum in Central Delhi Population

Identification is one of the important aspects dealt with in forensic anthropology. It is necessary in cases of mass disasters or otherwise when no clue is present regarding the identity of individual. Bones have been used previously for identification by determining race, age, sex and stature. However, limited studies for estimation of stature from Sternal bone are available in literature. This study was conducted on a population of Delhi, India, to assess the usefulness of Sternal bone for determining stature. Results indicated that length of the Manubrium (R=0.631, SEE=5.67) is a useful parameter for stature estimation from female sternum while length of Mesosternum (R=0.0.098, SEE=7.28) and Sternal length (R=0.192, SEE=7.181) are not effective parameters. Regression equations were developed for each parameter. We also find that regression equations developed by researchers for other population samples are not useful for our population sample.

Sex determination from different sternal measurements: A study in a Thai population

IntroductionEstimation of sex is an important initial step for personal identification of unknown skeletal remains in forensic investigation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the sternum for sex estimation of adult skeletal remains by measuring the sternum of Thai individuals. MethodsA study of 281 adult Thai dry sterna with known sex (192 males and 89 females) was carried out for sexing by using measurements. Discriminant function analysis was used. ResultsThe results showed that all parameters included in this study were significantly sexually dimorphic except sternal width index. By using discriminant function analysis, it was observed that the best parameter was the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum yielded cross-validated sex allocation accuracy rate 85.8% (82.4% for male and 95.7% for female), followed by sternal area with classification accuracy rate 82.9% (79.2% for males and 91.2% for females) and the length of mesosternum with classification accuracy rate 81.1% (78.8% for males and 88% for females). A stepwise discriminant function, which included 5 linear measurements from both manubrium and mesosternum yielded highest classification accuracy rate of 86.4%. DiscussionThe results of the present study proved that the sternum is a reliable element for sex determination in Thai population and it may be a useful tool in forensic investigations.

Effect of fusion status of sternum in stature estimation – A study from South India

Forensic anthropologists examine and identify skeletal, dismembered and commingled remains in a legal context to establish the biological profile of the deceased. Stature estimation is one of the important parameters in establishing the biological profile. The present study is planned to derive regression models for stature estimation from sternal measurements. Various factors are likely to affect stature estimation in forensic investigations. Since, none of the previous researchers have studied the effect of fusion status on stature estimation from sternum and its segments, the present study attempts to find if the fusion status of the sternum affect its reliability and accuracy in stature estimation. The sample of the present study consisted of 117 sterna that were obtained from autopsied bodies. Five measurements i.e. Length of manubrium (M), length of mesosternum (B), combined length of manusbrium and mesosternum and the (M + B), width at first sternabrae (S1) and width of 3rd sternabrae (S3) were taken on the autopsied sterna. The sterna were classified as fused (both manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints were fused), partly fused (only one of the manubriosternal or xiphisternal joints was fused) and not fused (both manubriosternal and xiphisternal joints were not fused). Regression models were derived using statistical methods. All the sternal measurements show a positive however, a weak correlation with stature. Thus, it can be concluded that the accuracy and reliability of stature estimation from sternum and its segments is quite low in practical situations. Among the sterna classified based on the fusion status, the length measurements of completely fused sterna show significant correlation with the stature. None of the other sternal measurements on the non-fused or partly fused sterna show statistically significant correlation with stature. The present study concludes that the fusion status of the sternum is likely to affect the reliability and accuracy in estimation of stature. The findings of this study however, should be considered 'preliminary' until they are corroborated by similar studies based on larger samples from different populations.

A study of sexual dimorphism in human sterna

In the present study, 100 human, dry adult sterna, 45 male and 55 female, from various medical colleges of Saurashtra region of Gujarat were measured for length of manubrium, length of mesosternum and combined length of manubrium and mesosternum. The data was statistically analysed for mean, standard deviation and p value. “The Rule of 136” given by Ashley (1956) was applied to determine the sex of sterna and to determine the number of male and female sterna obeying the rule. Statistically significant difference in mean values of length of manubrium, length of mesosternum and combined length of both sexes was observed. “Rule of 136” determined 34 male and 66 female sterna, while 71.11% (32) of male sterna and 96.34% (53) of female sterna obeyed the rule. It concluded that of all the three parameters measured, combined length of manubrium and mesosternum was the best discriminating parameter of sex and Rule of 136 was helpful in determination of sex.

Sternal index: Is it a reliable indicator of sex in the Maharashtrian population of India?

Sex determination is an important initial step in forensic investigation of unknown human skeletal remains. The present analysis is an attempt to determine the sex of the sternum using sternal index as a parameter in a Maharashtrian population of India. Sternal index is calculated in 115 adult sternums of confirmed sex (75 male and 40 female) for sexual dimorphism. The sternal index is derived by dividing the length of manubrium by the length of mesosternum and multiplying it by 100. Although the sternal index is found to be significantly higher in females, the analysis suggests that sex determination cannot be made conclusively from the sternal index in the Maharashtra region of western India. The study further concludes that the applicability of Hyrtl’s law in sex determination is limited.

Sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in a Maharashtrian population of India: A morphometric analysis

Determination of sex from human skeletal remains is an imperative element of any medicolegal investigation. Length of manubrium, length of mesosternum, and combined length of manubrium and mesosternum were measured in 115 sternums of confirmed sex (75 male and 40 female) for sexual dimorphism. Application of “the 50 rule” for the manubrium confirmed sex in 77.3% male and 77.5% female bones, while application of “the 81 rule” for the mesosternum confirmed sex in 73.3% male and 75% female bones accurately. Application of “the 131 rule” derived from the study for combined length of manubrium and mesosternum confirmed sex in 85.3% male and 77.5% female sternums correctly. This study confined to the Maharashtra region of western India is useful to determine the sex of the sternum when it is subjected for medicolegal skeletal examination.