Cob Length Research Articles

Pengaruh Campuraan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dan Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung pada Lahan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Menghasilkan

Intercropped farming utilizez used open spaces as an alternative to making empty land more productive. In certain periods, oil palm plantations have open spaces that can be used for planting intercropped plants. The problem is, in general, that oil palm plantations are planted on marginal land, such as inceptisol that is weak in phosphate, so if they are planted with palm oil, it is necessary to provide fertilizer with the main macro element content for palms to grow optimally, such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Efforts can be made to meet the P and N requirements by applying combinations of microorganisms such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB). The study aims to find out the effect of various dosages of PSB and NFB combinations on the growth and yield of corn crops, as well as the effect of corn crops on the growth and physiology of palm oil crops. The experiment was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, January to April 2024. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments repeated four times. The treatments included the application of a combination of Pseudomonas sp. and Azotobacter sp., which included: 10 kg/ha of PSB and NFB per plant, 20 kg/ha of PSB and NFB per plant, 30 kg/ha of PSB and NFB per plant, 40 kg/ha of PSB and NFB per plant, and 50 kg/ha of PSB and NFB per plant. Experimental results showed that the PSB and NFB mixture increased crop height 5.28%, stem diameter 3.19%, cob length 9.2%, cob diameter 9.8%, dried weight by 100 seeds 14.5%, and dried weight by corn plant 33.46%. The 40 kg/ha and 50 kg/ha dose of PSB and NFB per plant is the most efficient dose for the growth and of palm oil crops producing 2.

Combining Ability and Gene Action for Grain Yield and Attributing Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Subjected to Drought Stress

Background: Maize production is subdued by many impediments that cause yield minimization. Among various biotic and abiotic stress factors, one significant cause of yield reduction in maize is drought stress. Methods: A set of 15 inbreds which were crossed with 3 narrow base testers in line × tester mating design, and resulting 45 F1s along with the parent inbreds and 3 commercial checks were then, in RCBD, subjected to drought stressed and well-watered conditions to assess their genetic worth during spring 2021. Result: The ANOVA unraveled significant mean sum of squares due to lines, testers and line × tester in pooled analysis for all the ten traits. The inbred EI-2188-2 followed by EI-2448 and EI-03-3 contained fair per se performance and significant high GCA effects over the environments for grain yield/plant, proline content and cob length whereas the cross EI-2448-1 × EI-2156 was found most promising hybrid with significant and high SCA effects across the environments regarding grain yield/plant, proline content and cob girth. Prevalence of non-additive type of genetic variance in governing most of the traits suggests adoption of heterosis breeding will be rewarding for improving yield and drought tolerance. Heterotic pooling of the highlighted inbreds and utilization of the superlative hybrids in further breeding programmes for drought tolerance is proposed.

Effect of Crop Geometry and Weed Management Practices on Yield and Yield Attributes of Spring Maize in Banke, Nepal

The experiment was conducted in Banke, Nepal, from February 2021 to May 2021 to find suitable spacing and weed management practices for spring maize. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design in which main plots consisting of two spacings (S1:60 cm × 25 cm and S2:60 cm × 30 cm) and subplots consisting of five weed management practices as, W1: weedy check, W2: weed free, W3: atrazine @ 2 kg a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence herbicide, W4: atrazine as pre-emergence herbicide followed by single-hand weeding at 30 DAS, and W5: straw mulch. Observations were taken for different parameters, that are, cob length, cob circumference, number of grains per cob, number of ears per hectare, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield. Based on spacing non-significant variations were found for all traits except for the number of ears per hectare. The highest number of ears per hectare (61667 ears ha-1) was found in S1 (60 cm × 25 cm). Based on weed management practices all the traits were significantly different, except the number of ears per hectare and thousand grain weight. The highest value of grain yield (6.15 mt ha-1) was found in straw mulch, and the lowest grain yield (3.72 mt ha-1) was found in the weedy check. A positive correlation was observed between yield and different weed management practices (WEM) (r = 0.5**) and other yield-attributing traits, that are, number of ears per hectare (NE) (r = 0.62**), the number of grains per cob (NK) (r = 0.82**), cob length (CL) (r = 0.47**), cob diameter (CD) (r = 0.68**), and total grain weight (TGW) (r = 0.52**). A negative correlation was observed between yield and spacing (S) (r = -0.41*).

Growth, Phenology and Yield Attributes of A White Maize Genotype Sauwmopmdt273 Under Different Planting Configurations

A field experiment was carried out at the agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, during the period from July to October, 2018 with fifteen planting configurations viz., T1 (40 cm × 15 cm), T2 (40 cm × 20 cm), T3 (40 cm × 25 cm), T4 (45 cm × 15 cm), T5 (45 cm × 20 cm), T6 (45 cm × 25 cm), T7 (50 cm × 15 cm), T8 (50 cm × 20 cm), T9 (50 cm × 25 cm), T10 (55 cm × 15 cm), T11 (55 cm × 20 cm), T12 (55 cm × 25 cm), T13 (60 cm × 15 cm), T14 (60 cm × 20 cm), and T15 (60 cm × 25 cm) to study the growth, phenology, yield attributes and yield of a white maize genotype SAUWMOPMDT273. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Regarding growth and yield parameters, the treatment 60 cm × 25 cm showed significantly the maximum plant height, tassel length and leaf area at silking, grain filling and at harvest. The highest area of an individual leaf 477.9, 879.3, and 496.3 cm2 as well as stem dry matter weight of 28.73, 21.35, and 27.40 g plant-1 respectively, below cob-node, at cob-node and above the cob-node during silking obtained from treatment 60 cm × 25 cm. The treatment 55 cm × 25 cm showed maximum biological yield (14.64 t ha−1) and 60 cm × 20 cm showed significantly the highest cob length (15.94 cm) and number of grains row−1 (20.00), but the highest number of grains cob−1 (231.50), 100 seed weight (29.99 g), grain weight cob−1 (59.81 g) were recorded from 55 cm × 25 cm. Sparser configuration (60×20 cm) requiring less seed rate, this configuration may be followed. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 67-76

Mulching tree leaves improve the growth, yield, and yield components of hybrid maize

The experiment was carried out at the Agroforestry Farm, Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2019 to March 2020 to assess the impact of tree leaf mulching on the growth, yield attributes, and yield of maize. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and six treatments. These treatments were: T0=Control (no mulch), T1=Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) tree leaf mulch, T2=Segun (Tectona grandis) tree leaf mulch, T3=Kalo koroi (Albizia lebbeck) tree leaf mulch, T4=Jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia) tree leaf mulch, and T5=Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) tree leaf mulch. The results showed that the Kalo koroi tree leaf mulch (T3) led to the highest values for various parameters such as plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf diameter, number of cobs per plant, length, and diameter of cob, the weight of single cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cob, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of maize (221.18 cm, 0.93, 17.29, 79.26 cm, 7.30 cm, 4.18, 1.70, 21.11 cm, 6.08 cm, 212.12 g, 453.85 g, 138.91 g, 30.60 g, and 11.81 t/ha). Conversely, the lowest values were obtained in the control (T0) (no mulch), followed by T2 and T1 treatments (209.39 cm, 0.37, 12.5, 72.48 cm, 4.62 cm, 1.50, 15.03 cm, 4.44 cm, 202.19 g, 421.56 g, 111.55 g, 26.46 g, and 8.35 t/ha). Among the various tree leaf mulch treatments, it was found that the Kalo koroi tree leaf mulch performed better for vegetative growth, yield, and yield-contributing attributes in maize compared to the no mulch treatment. Therefore, it was suggested that tree leaf mulches could be a potential alternative to traditional mulches in maize cultivation. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 205-214

Effect of Sowing Methods and Different Levels of Nitrogen on Yield Attributes and Yield of Maize

The field experiment was carried out at Research Farm, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India during Kharif season, 2021. The experiment envisages to study the effect of Sowing methods and different Nitrogen levels on yield and attributes of maize crop. The experiment was laid down in the Split Plot Design and the treatments was replicated three times. Among the sowing methods, the maximum length of a cob (18.52 cm) was obtained in the ridge sowing method (S1) while among nitrogen levels the maximum length of cob (19.51 cm) was obtained with the application of 25% N through granular urea + 75% N through Nano-urea (N5). Among nitrogen levels highest number of grains per row (40.76) were obtained in the application of 25% N through granular urea + 75% N through Nano-urea (N5). Seed Index was achieved to be highest in ridge method of sowing(S1) with the application of 25% N through granular urea + 75% N through Nano-urea (N5). Number of grains per cob were highest (385.55) in the N5 treatment among the nitrogen levels treatments. Among sowing methods, the maximum grain yield of 51.75 q ha-1 was founded in the ridge method of sowing. Among nitrogen levels the highest grain yield of 57.76 q ha-1 was obtained in N5 treatment. However, harvest index was found to be non-significant. Ridge method of sowing was found to be most effective than broadcasted method. Application of Nano-urea alone did not give good results. Granular urea along with nano-urea was found to be more effective in maize crop under this region.

The Effect of Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Supplementation on Zea mays saccharata Sturt. Growth and Productivity Grown on Low Nutrients Soil

Marginal land has low nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Addressing nutrient deficiencies on marginal land requires a strategic approach. Biological fertilizers like Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance nutrient availability through symbiotic interactions. In addition, organic fertilizers such as compost could provide organic matter and improve soil structure to increase plant growth and productivity. Combining these three fertilizers with the addition of low doses of NPK fertilizer can increase the growth and productivity of maize crops on sub-marginal land. This study aims to determine the effect of AMF, consortium of PGPR, and a low dose of NPK on the growth and productivity of maize and soil nutrients on sub-marginal land by measuring plant growth up to 8 WAP (week after planting) (parameters: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stomatal density) and productivity (parameters: cob length, cob weight with husk, fresh weight, dry weight) and levels of N, P, and K elements at 8 WAP in the soil after planting. All treatments showed an increase in the level of N and K elements, while the P element showed a decrease compared to the control (soil without treatment). Moreover, each parameter did not show a significant difference, but the P2 (Compost + PGPR consortium + AMF + 50% of NPK) treatment showed the best growth and productivity. Overall, the data showed the utilization of PGPR and AMF combination was able to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer by 50%.

Integrated plant nutrient supply modules for enhancing crop growth, productivity and nutrient balance in maize - chickpea cropping sequence

A long-term field study was conducted to evaluate integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) system in maizechickpea cropping sequence. In this study, twelve IPNS modules of Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based fertilizers, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), urban compost (UC), maize residue (MR) and Gliricidia loppings (GL) were investigated. Results indicated that plant height, dry biomass, yield parameters (cob length and girth, grains/cob and 1000-grains weight) and yields (grain and stover) of maize significantly (p=0.05) improved with IPNS module (75% NPK +5 t FYM) and increased 31.8 and 23.8% grain yield over the RDF and 100% NPK of STCR, respectively. In chickpea, the higher plant height, dry biomass, pods/ plant and yields (grain and straw) were obtained with the residual fertility of FYM @ 25 t/ha every year and followed by IPNS module (75%NPK +5 t FYM). However, residual fertility of PM and UC based IPNS modules also considerably improved the crop growth and yields of chickpea. Substantially higher system productivity was also noticed with 75% NPK +5 t FYM and followed 75% NPK +1 t PM based IPNS modules which was 1.86 and 0.99 t/ ha higher than RDF. A positive nutrient balance was recorded with addition of higher level FYM only (25 t/ha) Whereas, a negative nutrient balance was noticed for N and K in all plots excluding higher level of organic manures. However, there has been substantial build-up of N, P and K in plots receiving 25 t FYM every year. The additional supply of nutrients (organic + inorganic) is crucial for positive nutrients balance. Thus, STCR based fertilizers (75% NPK) along 25% nutrients through organic manures (FYM and PM) sustained the crop yield while the addition of FYM (25 t/ha) is essential for a positive balance of nutrients in the soil.

Hubungan varietas dengan pemangkasan daun terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Jagung manis (Zea mays saccaratha Sturt)

The research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru, within 3 months from March to May 2023. This study aims to determine the interaction effect and the main effect of the Relationship between Variety and Leaf Pruning on the Growth and Production of Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays saccaratha Sturt). This study used a Divided Plots Design (RPT), the main plot was variety and the subplots were pruning. The variety treatment consisted of 4 treatment levels and pruning consisted of 4 treatment levels, so there were 16 treatment combinations with 3 replications. This study consisted of 48 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 4 plants and 2 sample plants, a total of 192 plants. The parameters observed were plant height, age of male flower emergence, weight of cob with cob, length of cob without cob, number of rows in one cob. Observational data were analyzed statistically and conducted with the Honest Real Differences (BNJ) Further Test at the 5% level. The results showed that the interaction relationship between varieties and leaf pruning had a significant effect on all observation parameters. The best treatment was the panglima variety and pruning the lower 1/3 of the leaves. The main plot treatment significantly affected all observation parameters. The best treatment is the panglima variety. The treatment of subplots significantly influenced all observation parameters. The best treatment is leaf pruning 1/3 of the lower leaves.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manures on Growth and Yield Parameters under Wheat-Maize Cropping Sequence Grown on Normal and Saline-Sodic Inceptisol

The present study was conducted at PGI Research farm, Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV., Rahuri during Rabi-2021 and Summer-2022. The experiment consist of eight treatments in wheat crop viz., T1: RDN (50% N) + 50% N through FYM, T2: RDN (50% N) + 50% N through vermicompost, T3: RDN (50% N) + 50% N through poultry manure, T4: (50% N) + 50% N through press mud compost, T5: (50% N) + 50% N through goat manure, T6: (50% N) + 50% N through urban compost T7: GRDF (120:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) + 10 t FYM ha-1 and T8: absolute control. Whereas, in maize crop treatment from T1 to T6 RDN (50% N) is applied with residual N applied to wheat through FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure, goat manure and urban compost, respectively and T7: GRDF (120:60:40 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) + 5 t FYM ha-1 and T8: Absolute control. These treatments replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. In wheat crop, the grain yield, straw yield, test weight, plant height and spike length recorded higher in treatment T7 (GRDF 120:60:40 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1) under both normal and saline-sodic Inceptisol (27.87 q ha-1, 41.00 q ha-1, 43.72 g, 92 cm and 9.92 cm) and (34.43 q ha-1, 44.02 q ha-1, 42.40 g, 91 cm and 9.82 cm), respectively. Whereas, in succeeding maize crop, the treatment T7 (GRDF 120:60:40 N: P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1) recorded highest grain yield, stover yield, test weight, plant height, length of cob and no. of grains per cob in both normal and saline-sodic Inceptisol (64.11 q ha-1, 74.23 q ha-1, 40.34 g, 237.82 cm, 19.99 cm and 633.02 g) and (52.52 q ha-1, 61.82 q ha-1, 38.63 g, 226.24 cm, 18.74 cm and 579.48 g), respectively. In wheat crop application of treatment T7 (GRDF 120:60:40 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1 + 10 t ha-1 FYM) recorded highest total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in both normal and saline-sodic Inceptisol (88.00, 16.00 and 100 N, P and K kg ha-1) and (99.36, 17.20 and 103 N, P and K kg ha-1), respectively. Whereas in succeeding maize crop, total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium recorded highest in treatment T7 (GRDF (120:60:40 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1 + 5 t ha-1 FYM) in both normal and saline-sodic Inceptisol (107.69, 10.77 and 94.67 N, P and K kg ha-1) and (85.85, 8.58 and 75.47 N, P and K kg ha-1), respectively.

Maize production at phenological stages affected by water irrigation stress in dryland conditions

Abstract The growth and yield of maize are significantly influenced by the adequacy of soil moisture during the growth period. Given the uncertain rainfall due to climate change, the availability of water for maize production is becoming increasingly limited, while the demand is rising due to population growth. The extent to which maize yield is affected by soil moisture stress at each phenological stage in dryland areas has not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to determine the production and biomass of maize at various growth stages due to water stress. Watering using drip irrigation equipped with soil moisture sensors was stopped after the maize plants reached 20, 40, 60 (flowering), 80 days after sowing (DAS), and at harvest. Parameters of biomass, maize yield, and other parameters were determined when the soil’s permanent wilting point reached, and soil samples were taken to determine the moisture content. The results showed that irrigation up to 80 DAS was not significantly different in yield, although it was 30% lower than that irrigation up to harvest. However, irrigation up to 60 DAS reduced the yield by 3.9 times and 4.9 times compared to the yield at irrigation up to 80 DAS (85.897 grams/plant) and at harvest (108.57 grams/plant), respectively. Other parameters, such as dry biomass, cob weight, cob length, and cob diameter followed the yield trend, although their values varied. The dry biomass of maize at irrigation until 20 and 40 DAS were 13.68 grams/plant and 40.05 grams/plant, respectively. The experiment implies that irrigation water should be provided until 80 DAS to minimize significant yield losses of maize in dryland conditions.

Optimizing water relations, gas exchange parameters, biochemical attributes and yield of water-stressed maize plants through seed priming with iron oxide nanoparticles

Drought poses significant risks to maize cultivation by impairing plant growth, water uptake and yield; nano priming offers a promising avenue to mitigate these effects by enhancing plant water relations, stress tolerance and overall productivity. In the current experiment, we tested a hypothesis that seed priming with iron oxide nanoparticles (n-Fe2O3) can improve maize performance under water stress by improving its growth, water relations, yield and biochemical attributes. The experiment was conducted on a one main plot bisected into two subplots corresponding to the water and drought environments. Within each subplot, maize plants were raised from n-Fe2O3 primed seeds corresponding to 0 mg. L− 1 (as control treatment), 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg. L− 1 (as trial treatments). Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 at a concentration of 75 mg. L− 1 improved the leaf relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic water use efficiency, and leaf intrinsic water use efficiency of maize plants by 13%, 44%, 64% and 17%, respectively compared to control under drought stress. The same treatments improved plant biochemical attributes such as total chlorophyll content, total flavonoids and ascorbic acid by 37%, 22%, and 36%, respectively. Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 accelerated the functioning of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and POD and depressed the levels of leaf malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide significantly. Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 at a concentration of 75 mg. L− 1 improved cob length, number of kernel rows per cob, and 100 kernel weight by 59%, 27% and 33%, respectively, under drought stress. Seed priming with n-Fe2O3 can be used to increase maize production under limited water scenarios.

Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Sapi Di Kabupaten Merauke

This research aims to analyze the response of cow manure to the growth and production of sweet corn plants. This research was conducted in May-July 2023 in Marga Mulya Village, Semangga District, Merauke Regency. This research used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of treatments P0 (without fertilizer), P1 (fertilizer dose 20 tons/ha), P2 (fertilizer dose 25 tons/ha), P3 (fertilizer dose 30 tons/ha), and five repetitions to obtain 20 experimental units. The research results for the growth component treatment showed that plant height gave the highest results in treatment P3 (138 cm), leaf length in treatment P0 (121 cm), and leaf width in treatment P2 (8.14 cm). Meanwhile, the highest number of leaves was in the P2 treatment with (8.56 pieces), the longest cob length in the P2 treatment (19.56 cm), the highest number of rows/cobs in the P1 treatment (15.86 rows), the cob/sample weight in the P2 treatment with (204.04 g), the highest total weight/plot was in treatment P2 (1.48 kg). Providing cow manure has little effect on the growth and production of sweet corn plants in Merauke Regency.

Growth and Yield Responses of Bari Sweet Corn-1 (Zea Mays L.) to Naa at Different Nitrogen Levels

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of NAA at varying N-levels on growth and yield responses of BARI Sweet Corn-1 (Zea mays L.). The trial consisted of ten treatments viz. control = without NAA and N fertilizer; RDN (recommended dose of N fertilizer); 25 ppm NAA + RDN; 50 ppm NAA + RDN; 25 ppm NAA + 50% higher RDN; 50 ppm NAA + 50% higher RDN; 25 ppm NAA + 100% higher RDN; 50 ppm NAA + 100% higher RDN; 25 ppm NAA+ 150% higher RDN and 50 ppm NAA + 150% higher RDN. Results showed that application NAA in combination with various nitrogen (N) levels produced better growth than control but with few exceptions. Growth parameters viz. total dry mater (TDM), leaf area (LA), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were recorded maximum from 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment. Findings revealed that 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment had also produced higher number of leaves per plant, specific leaf area (SLA), biomass duration (BMD) and absolute growth rate (AGR) than RDN treatment although statistically at par to each other. The maximum number of leaves per plant, shoot-root ratio and SLA although recorded maximum from 25 ppm NAA in combination with 100% higher RDN treatment but statistically similar to rest of the combined treatments. Yield attributes and yield of BARI Sweet Corn-1 showed positive response to NAA at varying N-levels with significant variations in majority of cases. The maximum number of cobs and productive cobs per plant, dry weight of cobs, length of cob, number of seed per row and cob, dry weight of tassel, yield per plant and harvest index were also obtained from 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment. However, maximum number of cobs and productive cobs per plant were also noted from 25 ppm NAA in combination with 100% higher RDN treatment. Significantly maximum yield per plant (114.41g) obtained from 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment which was 12.02% higher over RDN treatment. Out of ten treatments, foliar application of 25 ppm NAA in combination with RDN treatment produced better stimulation in growth and yield of BARI Sweet Corn-1. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(2): 337-344, 2024 (June)

Performance of kharif maize under conservation tillage in silty clay loam soil

Maize is a major staple food as well as potential cash crop for millions of people, mostly grown in the winter season in Bangladesh under conventional tillage practice. But huge area of cultivable land remains fallow in kharif-1 season in Sylhet region as well as other parts of Bangladesh. Hence, we aimed to identify the best variety and tillage method to grow maize in silty clay loam soil in kharif season. An experiment was conducted to study the performance of six maize varieties in the Kharif-I season (summer) under three tillage methods in silty clay loam soil of Eastern Surma-Kushiyara floodplain (AEZ-20). The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replications to observe yield contributing traits and yield performance of maize. Among the varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-16 showed the highest yield attributes and grain yield followed by BARI Hybrid Maize-13 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9. Based on tillage, the maximum number of leaves per plant, cob length and diameter, kernel rows per cob, kernels per row, kernels per cob, highest grain yield, and stover yields were recorded in conventional tillage. Therefore, considering the yield and tillage methods, BARI Hybrid Maize-16 showed the best yield performance under conventional tillage in the kharif-I season in silty clay loam soil of Eastern Surma-Kushiyara floodplain of Bangladesh.

Keragaan Dan Daya Hasil Beberapa Varietas Jagung Lokal Pulau Kisar, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya

This research aimed to determine the performance and yield of several local corn acccessions from Kisar Island, Maluku Barat Daya (MBD) or Southwestern Maluku Regency. This research was carried out on the field of the Kisar Island Agricultural Extension Center located in Lebelau Village, MBD Regency from November 2022 to February 2023. The research was carried out as an experiment designed as a single factor Randomized Block Design, with 4 replicates. The single factor was corn accession/variety consisting of four local corn accessions from Kisar Island and one superior variety of Sukmaraga as a comparison. The results of this study showed that local corn from Kisar Island in the form of the Merah Delima Kisar accession had the highest values for the variables of plant height, leaf number, and cob height when compared with the Putih Kisar accession, the Kuning Bunga Kisar accession and the Ungu Kisar accession. The Putih Kisar accession had high values for cob plus kernel weight with husks (145.40 g), cob plus kernel weight without husks (127.33 g), fruit diameter (4.08 cm), cob length (13.98 cm), number of kernels per plant (391.75), weight of 100 kernels (33.00 g) and kernel weight per plant (114.09 g), when compared with the Merah Delima Kisar, Kuning Bunga Kisar, and Ungu Kisar accessions. The Putih Kisar and Merah Delima Kisar accessions showed high yields. They were not significantly different from the Sukmaraga variety, which had the highest yields based on kernel weight per plant.

PHENOTYPE CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSSING PURPLE CORN AND SWEET YELLOW CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) IN GENERATION F4

Phenotypic characters in crossed plants is very important to find out the success of a cross and the differences in characters between one type and another. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the best phenotypic characters resulting from crosses of maize plants in the F4 generation. This research was carried out on agricultural land in Oloboju Village (Bulu Pontu Jaya SP2), at an altitude of 176 meters above sea level, with a latitude of 1ᵒ00'21" South Latitude and 119ᵒ56'50.49" North Latitude. Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency. The study started from February to July 2020. This study was structured using a randomized block design with five maize cultivars from F3 crosses as treatments, namely: purple corn cultivar, dominant yellow: purple, white dominant purple, purple dominant white, and purple dominant yellow which was repeated five times to obtain 25 experimental plots. The observed variables were: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, age at which male flowers were released, age at which female flowers were released, age at harvest, cob length, cob diameter, number of cob seeds, percentage of color, and weight of 100 seeds. The research data were analyzed using ovarian analysis, which was followed by the HSD test at the 1% level. The results showed that purple corn cultivars had the best phenotypic characteristics, namely, plant height reached 226.55 cm, cob diameter reached 40.95 mm, cob length reached 15.05 cm, color percentage reached 70.39%, number of cob seeds reached 411 .70 seeds and has a slightly fluffier texture and a slightly less sweet taste until it is quite sweet.

Effect of Different Spacing and Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Maize: A Review

Optimal plant density influenced by crop geometric/planting techniques factors are crucial in achieving high yield to maize. In addition, nutrient management further enhances productivity. Increasing plant density can lead to higher grain yield per unit area, but it also reduces the yield per individual plant as the competition between plant to plant will increase. From different research it indicates that plant density lower than the optimum number result in higher productivity rate per plant but lower yield per area unit. After reviewing various research articles, it was concluded that the maximum growth and yield attributes of maize obtained with spacing 60: 20-30 cm. Highest nitrogen application up to 160 kg N per ha-1 by split application at sowing, 25 DAS and tasselling is most reliable to increase the maize productivity. The combined application of 70 kg ha-1 phosphorus and 60 kg ha-1 potassium is the most suitable to obtain the maximum growth and yield attributes such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, cob length, cobs per plant, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Effective nutrient management, aligned with proper planting density, played a pivotal role in maximizing maize productivity, meeting the demands of a growing population, and contributing to sustainable agriculture.

Investigating the Effects of Banana-Derived Biochar and Straw Residues on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Crop

Biochar application with straw residues can enhance their rate and increase the availability of nutrients for maize crop under field conditions. Therefore, this present study was primarily aimed at exploring the combined effect of banana derived biochar and straw residues application on the biomass production and the yield components of maize crop. The experimental study was consisting of six treatments: T-1 control, T-2 Biochar (40 ha-1), T-3 12.5 tons ha-1 straw residues, T-4 25 tons ha-1 straw residues, T-5 40 tons ha-1 biochar + 25 tons ha-1 straw residues, T-6 40 tons ha-1 biochar + 12.5 tons ha-1 straw residues. Results displayed that combine application of Biochar (40 tons ha-1) and straw residues (25 tons ha-1) enhanced the shoot fresh biomass (208%), Root fresh biomass (85%), Root length (85%), Number of grains per cob (262%), Seed index (68%), cob length (79%), grain yield (120%) and leaf area (80 %) as compared to control. While, 40 tons ha-1 biochar + 12.5 tons ha-1 straw residues increased shoot fresh biomass (197%), root fresh biomass (57%), root length (41%), number of grains per cob (220%), seed index (37%), cob length (69%), grains yield (103%) and leaf area (64%) in comparison to control. Most of the growth parameters were positively correlated with yield components. Similarly, correlation coefficient indicated significant association among different morphological characteristics when subjected to these combined applications of biochar and straw residues. Hence, this study concluded that combine application of banana biochar and straw residues promoted the grain growth and yield of the maize crop under field condition.

Potassium Management for Corn Growth, Yield and Sweetness under Sabah Sandy Soil

A study was conducted to determine the effect of potassium (K) with organic fertilizers on the growth, yield and sweetness of reddish waxy corn. The treatments were: (T1) standard fertilizer rate of 60 kg ha-1 K2O without organic fertilizer (control); (T2) 30 kg ha-1 K with organic fertilizer; (T3) 90 kg ha-1 K with organic fertilizer and (T4) 120 kg ha-1 K with organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer used was 1.5 t ha-1 Bokashi and 20 t ha-1 chicken manure biochar (CMB). The planted corn received 120 kg ha-1 N and 60 kg ha-1 P2O5. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six replications. Stem girth, number of leaves, the height of the first cob, fresh weight of the first cob, 100 grains weight, cob girth, cob length and sweetness (Brix scale, %) data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at 5% significant levels. The Least Significant Different (LSD) was used to compare the means for significantly different results. Significant differences in growth were obtained at (p<0.05) in waxy corn for the number of leaves, the height of the first cob, length of cob, and girth between the control and all treatments. However, there is no significant difference for the sweetness of waxy corn for all treatments. Mean total for growth parameters; the number of leaves, stem girth and height of the first cob from soil surfaces and mean total for yield parameters; cob girth, length of cob, fresh weight of cob, 100 grains weight and the number of kernels was significantly higher for all treatments of T2, T3 and T4 compared to control the treatment of T1. The study showed no significant difference in the sweetness of waxy corn with increasing potassium application, resulting in increased total soluble content. Similar studies for a different rate of organic fertilizers and soil analysis can be done to ascertain further the effects on growth, yield, and sweetness parameters of reddish waxy corn with selected soil properties.