Length Of Pregnancy Research Articles

Changing Indications for Cervical Cerclage Following the Introduction of Routine Ultrasound Surveillance of Cervical Length for Prediction and Prevention of Preterm Birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) is associated with significant neonatal mortality and morbidity. Universal measurement of cervical length has been proposed as a screening tool to direct intervention to prevent PTB. To assess the impact of the introduction of sonographic mid-trimester cervical length screening on the use of cervical cerclage and PTB. A retrospective cohort study reviewed two groups of women who underwent cervical cerclage before and after the introduction of universal sonographic cervical length screening. Demographics and outcomes were compared using Student's t test, Fisher's Exact test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Following introduction of universal cervical length screening, the overall rate of cerclage increased from 2.5/1000 births to 6.0/1000 births (p < 0.01). There was a reduction in the proportion of sutures placed purely based on maternal history (50.0% to 30.4%; p < 0.001), while the proportion of sutures placed following ultrasound assessment increased in both high- (21.7 to 36.6%) and low-risk (11.7% to 30.4%) women (p < 0.001). The overall rate of PTB <37weeks in women has a cerclage was 25.7% and was highest in women undergoing rescue cerclage (64.3%; p < 0.01). There was no difference in the rate of PTB between high- and low-risk women undergoing history- or ultrasound-indicated cerclage. Mean pregnancy length was most prolonged in low-risk women undergoing ultrasound-indicated cerclage, extending gestation from 33.9 to 38.3weeks (p < 0.01). Universal cervical length screening results in an increase in the use of cerclage, specifically on the basis of the ultrasound findings. Women who were at low risk but then underwent ultrasound-indicated cerclage experienced most prolongation of pregnancy. Women who were at high risk but had a suture on the basis of ultrasound findings-indicated cerclage represent an alternative method of management with no significant difference in the gestational age of delivery.

Revisiting Factors Influencing Under-Five Mortality in India: The Application of a Generalised Additive Cox Proportional Hazards Model

Background: Despite the implementation of various preventive measures, India continues to experience an alarmingly high under-five mortality rate (U5MR). The most recent nationwide data on U5MRs has provided an opportunity to re-examine the associated factors of U5MRs using advanced techniques. This study attempted to identify the associated determinants of U5MRs via the generalised additive Cox proportional hazards method. Methods: This study analysed the fifth round of unit-level data for 213,612 children from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) to identify the risk factors associated with U5MRs, employing a generalised additive Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: The children who had a length of pregnancy of less than 9 months had a 2.621 (95% CI: 2.494, 2.755) times greater hazard of U5MRs than the children who had a gestational period of 9 months or more. The non-linear association with U5MRs was highest in the mother’s age, followed by the mother’s haemoglobin, the mother’s education, and household wealth score. The relationships between the mother’s age and the mother’s haemoglobin level with the U5MR were found to be U-shaped. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of addressing maternal and socioeconomic factors while improving access to healthcare services in order to reduce U5MRs in India. Furthermore, the findings underscore the necessity for more sophisticated approaches to healthcare delivery that consider the non-linear relationships between predictor variables and U5MRs.

Risk factors and population attributable fractions for displaced abomasum in Iranian dairy cattle: a retrospective analysis of field data.

Displaced abomasum (DA) usually occurs in the early postpartum period and can negatively affect production and welfare of dairy cows. The objective of this research was to identify predictors for the occurrence of DA in Iranian Holsteins. Therefore, we analyzed data collected from six commercial dairy farms in Iran (calving between January 2011 and October 2020). We used generalized linear mixed-effects model to identify predictors based on estimates of odds ratios (ORs). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were then calculated, as these are expected to more accurately prioritize risk factors on population level by considering the association between the risk factor and the its prevalence in the population. Over the 6 herds, the average percentage of DA was 2.5% (range 1.1-3.4% across herds). The results showed that calving during winter increased the odds of DA 1.4 times. Cows with high milk fat-to-protein ratio before the occurrence of disease, abnormal calving (including dystocia, stillbirth, and twinning) and long pregnancy length (≥ 280 d) showed increased odds of DA with ORs of 1.52, 1.31 and 1.30, respectively. Milk yield was also positively associated with DA in next lactation. Among the modifiable predictors of DA, the highest PAF was for the ratio of milk fat-to-protein (11.0%); other PAFs were retained placenta (4.1%), metritis (3.1%), abnormal calving (2.7%), and ketosis (2.7%). The results of the present study can provide managers with the a helpful strategy to reduce the occurrence of DA.

Cervical length evolution in pregnancy and prediction of preterm delivery.

To construct reference charts for cervical length (CL) in pregnancy based on longitudinal measurements and to assess the value of measuring cervical length after 24weeks of gestation. CL was measured transvaginally in singleton pregnancies at 5 to 41weeks. Pregnancies with more than one measurement were used for creating the CL chart, whereas any measurement after 24weeks was considered for assessing the correlation of CL with preterm delivery. The dataset consisted of 12,601 pregnancies and 33,899 observations. Gestational age was the main predictor of CL (R2 = 67.3%). Further adjustments in the fixed effects part for maternal characteristics (age, BMI, smoking status, parity, history of miscarriage, and cervical surgery) improved the prediction ability (R2 = 78.4%). CL was predictive of spontaneous preterm delivery before 37weeks when measured at any gestation between 24 and 35weeks and it was predictive of spontaneous preterm delivery before 32weeks when measured between 28 and 31weeks (AUC = 0.68). Gestational age is the main predictor of CL followed by maternal characteristics and history. CL assessment between 24 and 35 + 6weeks can enhance our ability to predict spontaneous preterm delivery.

The impact of cut-off values on the prevalence of short cervical length in pregnancy

BackgroundA prior study suggested that implementing a cut-off value of ≤30 mm for a short cervical length (CL) could potentially introduce selection bias and alter the distribution of CL measurements. As such, the objective of this study is to evaluate how CL distribution and incidence of short CL are affected when using different cut-off values for a short CL. Study designThis is a secondary analysis of the Quadruple P (QP) Screening study; a prospective cohort study that included low-risk patients with singleton pregnancies undergoing fetal anomaly scan at 18–22 weeks of gestation, including a CL measurement. Patients with a short cervix, defined as ≤35 mm, were subsequently counseled for the QP trial; a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing progesterone to cervical pessary for the prevention of preterm birth. If participation to the RCT was refused, patients with a CL ≤25 mm were advised to use progestogen. The primary objective of this current study was to assess the normal distribution of CL across the entire cohort and to assess the incidence of short CL when using the cut-off values of ≤35 and ≤25 mm. Normal distributions for CL were simulated based on mean and standard deviation(SD) of the original data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the distribution of the CL measurements. Moreover, to evaluate the motives behind ultrasound measurements around the cut-off value, sonographers were asked to fill out a qualitative questionnaire. ResultsThe total cohort included 19.171 eligible participants who underwent CL measurement, with a mean CL of 43.9 mm (±8.1 SD). The distribution of all CL observed measurements deviated significantly from the normal distribution (p < 0.001). A total of 1.852 (9.7%) patients had short CL ≤35 mm, which was significantly lower than expected when compared to the simulated normal distribution (n = 2.661, 13.9%; p < 0.001). The incidence of short CL ≤25 mm in our cohort statistically differed from the simulated normal distribution (238, 1.2% vs 177, 0.9%; p=0.003). When comparing our data to the simulated normal distribution, the difference in distributions is most pronounced when examining the difference between 35 and 36 mm. Results of the questionnaire reveal sonographers claimed not to be influenced by a cut-off value for study participation or progesterone treatment. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that using any cut-off value for a short CL influences the incidence and distribution of CL. When using a cut-off value of ≤35 mm for study inclusion, the incidence of measurements of a short CL is lower than the anticipated incidence compared to a normal distribution. However, when using a cut-off value of ≤25 mm for progesterone treatment, the frequency of CL measurements is higher than expected below this threshold compared to a normal distribution. This study highlights the risk of introducing selection bias, most likely unintentionally, when cut-off values for short CL are used, regardless of the specific value chosen. Therefore healthcare providers should measure the CL with caution if essential decisions depend on a specific cut-off value.

Asuhan Kebidanan Ibu Hamil pada Ny.ꞌꞌWꞌꞌ di Pustu Marinding Kecamatan Bajo Barat Kabupaten Luwu

Pregnancy is the process of growth and development of an intrauterine fetus starting from conception and ending until the start of labor. The length of pregnancy from ovulation to parturition is around 280 days (40 weeks), and no more than 300 days (43 weeks). This 40 week pregnancy is also called a mature (term) pregnancy. If the pregnancy is more than 43 weeks, it is called postmature pregnancy. Pregnancy between 28 and 36 weeks is called premature pregnancy. The aim of this research is to implement pregnancy midwifery care for Mrs "W" at Pustu Marindik Kec. West Bajo. The care provided uses Varney's 7 Step Midwifery Care Management approach and forms of documentation through SOAP. Case study conducted on Mrs "W". The form of physiologic midwifery care given to Mrs "W" is taking anamnesis on pregnant women, carrying out physical examinations, and providing counseling to pregnant women, regarding personal hygiene, nutrition for pregnant women, adequate rest, and carrying out follow-up. This case study uses a descriptive observational method with a continuity of care approach. The subject is pregnant mother Mrs "W" How to collect anamnesis data, observation, examination and documentation. Next, compare the data obtained with existing theory.

Effect of Obesity on Aquaporin5 Expression in Human Placental and Uterus Tissues.

Background: Obesity and overweight are also becoming more prevalent among women of childbearing age and pregnant women. In maternal obesity, the activation of metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways is proven, which appears to be a key step in the pathological changes observed in placental and uterine function. Several recent studies have evidenced that aquaporins (AQPs) are critical players in adipose tissue biology and are involved in the onset of obesity. Methods: Our studies aimed to investigate the changes in placental volume and vascularization and measure the AQP5 expression and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the placenta and uterus tissues in obese and typical-weight mothers. We also aim to measure the AQP5 plasma concentration. Results: We found AQP5 dominance in the uterus and plasma at 34 weeks of normal pregnancy. The placental volume increased and the vascularization decreased in obese mothers compared to the control. The AQP5 expression increased in the uterus of the obese group and did not change in the placenta. The TAC decreased in the plasma of overweight mothers. Conclusions: We hypothesize that increased AQP5 expression prolongs the length of pregnancy and inhibits the onset of contractions. Based on our findings, we can develop diagnostic tests and provide new targets for tocolytic drug development.

A proposed model of a clock that governs the length of human pregnancy.

The mechanisms that determine the length of pregnancy remain undetermined. Here, we review what has been previously published on the topic and incorporate new data to describe a molecular model in which placental stress and fetal signaling ultimately lead to labor onset in uncomplicated pregnancies. The mechanisms that govern the length of human pregnancy have not been determined, while preterm birth remains the leading cause of death and disability in newborns worldwide. Here, we review recent data to generate a novel hypothesis about how the pregnancy clock may function to initiate human labor in uncomplicated pregnancies. In this model, placental stress induced by the growing fetus drives placental production of NFKB, which is then activated by exosomes containing platelet-activating factor and complement 4-binding protein-A from the mature fetus, to drive pro-labor genes in the placenta. A better understanding of the clock that triggers labor may lead to new, more effective therapies to prevent spontaneous preterm birth.

Correlation of pregnancy duration with hemoglobin, Ret-He, IL-6, activin B, and hepcidin levels in healthy women

Background and objectives. Hepcidin levels always change during pregnancy, resulting in changes in iron hemostasis. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between length of pregnancy and concentrations of hemoglobin, Ret-He, IL-6, activin B and hepcidin in normal pregnant women. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jagir Community Health Center. A total of 30 pregnant women were respondents. Hemoglobin and Ret-He levels were measured using a hematology analyzer. IL-6, activin B and hepcidin were measured using ELISA. Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the adherent and non-compliant groups in consuming iron supplements on hemoglobin levels (p=0.0042) and IL-6 (p=0.019), while there was no difference in Ret-He levels (p=0.151), activin B (p=0.854) and hepcidin (p=0.189). There was a correlation between gestational age and IL-6 (r=0.207; p=0.273), activin B (r=0.15; p=0.121) and hepcidin (r=0.096; p=0.614). However, there was a negative correlation with hemoglobin (r=0.483; p=0.007) and Ret-He (r=0.505; p=0.004). Conclusion. It was concluded that increasing gestational age will result in a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in body iron reserves. However, pregnant women who comply with iron supplementation have at least high hemoglobin levels and low IL-6 levels.

Comparison of Short Cervical Lengths in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies

Introduction: Multifetal gestations are six times more likely to give birth preterm and 13 times more likely to give birth before 32 weeks gestation than women with singleton gestation (Martin et al, 2014-2018). Abnormal cervical shortening measured with transvaginal ultrasonography has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (Iams et al, 1996). In singleton pregnancies, midtrimester cervical length of less than 2.5 cm measured between 16-24 weeks has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth in a variety of screened populations (Crane, JM., Hutchens, D., 2008). In twin pregnancies, a shortened cervix in the second trimester is more common than in singleton pregnancies and can be a predictor of early preterm birth (Yang et al, 2000). Current guidelines from ACOG, state that the data is insufficient to recommend for or against routine endovaginal ultrasound screening of cervical length in twin pregnancy. Our aim was to determine if twin gestations have shorter cervical lengths than singletons at the time of midtrimester anatomy scan, and to investigate the correlation of cervical length with the likelihood of spontaneous preterm birth. Methods: Retrospective chart review between January 2016-January 2022 identified patients with cervical shortening (&lt;2.5 cm) at the time of mid-trimester anatomical ultrasound exam. Exams were performed at the Maternal Fetal Medicine Department at Promedica Toledo Hospital between 16 and 24 weeks’ gestation. Cervical lengths and delivery data were collected and analyzed. Results: 122 patients met inclusion criteria, with 95(78%) singleton pregnancies, and 27(22%) twin gestations. Singleton gestations had an average short cervical length of 1.8 ± 0.6cm, whereas twin gestations had an average short cervical length of 1.29 ± 0.55cm (p&lt;0.0001). Twin gestations were more likely than singleton gestations to have a very short cervical length &lt;1.5cm (OR=6.75, 95% CI 2.59-17.58, p =0.0001). Average gestational age of delivery for singleton gestations identified with a short cervix was 35w6d ± 4w4d, whereas the average age at delivery for twin gestations was 31w6d ± 5w6d (p=0.0002). Discussion: Our results are consistent with previous reports that cervical shortening is more common in twin pregnancies than singleton pregnancies. Our results suggest that twins are more likely to have a very short cervical length identified in between 16-24 weeks. In addition, twin gestations with abnormal cervical shortening deliver at earlier gestational ages in comparison to singleton gestations with abnormal cervical shortening. Obtaining transvaginal cervical lengths at 16-24 weeks gestation allows for earlier identification of shortened cervical length. Ongoing research may identify interventions which are consistently effective in preterm birth prevention in twin gestation.

Statement of retraction: body mass index is linked to cervical length and duration of pregnancy: an observational study in low risk pregnancy

Statement of retraction: body mass index is linked to cervical length and duration of pregnancy: an observational study in low risk pregnancy

Reproductive performance of local goats in Municipality of Liquica

One of the small ruminants with a lot of promise and popularity in the Municipality of Liquica are kacang goats. The purpose of this study is to determine how well the local goats in Liquica Municipality reproduce. In this study, a quantitative approach was taken. The research location was chosen using the purposive sampling method. The criterion of having at least three goats and five years of experience with them were used to choose the responders for this study. Solvin's formula was employed to ascertain the sample size. The variables that were observed were the kidding interval, size of the litter, length of pregnancy, and age at puberty. The findings demonstrated that the local goats in Tibar Village had good reproductive performance. Of the 71 respondents, they reported that the average age at puberty was 6.51 ± 0.65, the average gestation period was 5.08 ± 0.28, the average litter size was 1.08 ± 0.36, and the average calving interval was 8.86±0.59. Ulmera Village respondents, numbering seventy, stated that the local goats' puberty age was 7.84 ± 0.93, their gestation period was 5.09 ± 0.28, their litter size was 1.6 ± 0.48, and their calving interval was 8.56 ± 0.53. In Liquisa Municipality, the reproductive performance of Javanese goats is deemed satisfactory despite farmers' continued adherence to customary rearing practices.

Longitudinal Cervical Length Measurements and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies

Changes in cervical length in twin pregnancies exhibit various patterns, but it is unclear whether the mechanism underlying spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is consistent. The existence of detailed phenomena in singleton pregnancies is also unclear. To explore the different patterns in cervical length trajectories in singleton and twin pregnancies and to analyze whether the immunological mechanisms of sPTB are consistent among these cervical length patterns. This cohort study recruited pregnant individuals who received antenatal care and delivered at Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2022. Individuals with singleton and twin pregnancies were included. Cervical length measurements and white blood cell (WBC) indicators. The primary outcome was sPTB. Longitudinal trajectory cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of changes in cervical length in singleton and twin pregnancies. A random-effects model with cubic spline was used to fit and compare the longitudinal trajectory of WBC indicators among early preterm birth, moderate to late preterm birth, and term birth. A total of 43 559 pregnant individuals were included; of these, 41 706 had singleton pregnancies (mean [SD)] maternal age, 33.0 [4.0] years) and 1853 had twin pregnancies (mean [SD] maternal age, 33.3 [3.6] years). Two distinct patterns of cervical length changes were observed in both singleton and twin pregnancies: shortened (21 366 singletons and 546 twins) and stable (20 340 singletons and 1307 twins). In singleton pregnancies, WBC count was associated with early sPTB in individuals with both shortened cervix (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.82) and stable cervix (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.50). However, for twin pregnancies, the association of WBC count (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.58-6.18) with the risk of early sPTB was observed only in individuals with a shortened cervix. This study identified 2 distinct cervical length patterns: shortened and stable. These patterns revealed 2 preterm birth mechanisms in twin pregnancies, with the immunopathogenesis of sPTB found only in the shortened cervix pattern; in singleton pregnancies, maternal immune response was associated with a higher risk of sPTB regardless of a shortened or stable cervix.

It is time to explore the impact of length of gestation and fetal health on the human lifespan.

A recently proposed principal law of lifespan (PLOSP) proposes to extend the whole human lifespan by elongating different life stages. As the preborn stage of a human being, gestation is the foundation for the healthy development of the human body. The antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) theory of aging states that there is a trade-off between early life fitness and late-life mortality. The question is whether slower development during the gestation period would be associated with a longer lifespan. Among all living creatures, the length of the gestation period is highly positively correlated to the length of the lifespan, although such a correlation is thought to be influenced by the body sizes of different species. While examining the relationship between lifespan length and body size within the same species, dogs exhibit a negative correlation between lifespans and body sizes, while there is no such correlation among domestic cats. For humans, most adverse gestational environments shorten the period of gestation, and their impacts are long-term. While many issues remain unsolved, various developmental features have been linked to the conditions during the gestation period. Given that the length of human pregnancies can vary randomly by as long as 5 weeks, it is worth investigating whether a slow steady healthy gestation over a longer period will be related to a longer and healthier lifespan. This article discusses the potential benefits, negative impacts, and challenges of the relative elongation of the gestation period.

Are the elements zinc, copper, magnesium, and rubidium related to nutrition and iodine deficiency in pregnant Bulgarian women from iodine deficient region?

Trace elements are essential for the biochemistry of the cell. Their reference values have been found to differ considerably in pregnant women stratified by age, place of residence, anthropometric status, and length of pregnancy. In optimal amounts, these elements reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb) on pregnant women in an iodine deficiency region and find the relationship with the thyroid status and nutrition. We evaluated the iodine status of 61 healthy pregnant women from an iodine deficient region in Bulgaria. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin free (FT4) levels were measured using ELISA. We found elevated levels of copper that differed the most between the first and second trimesters; Cu and TSH were found to be positively correlated (р < 0.05). Lower Cu levels were found in pregnant women consuming pulses more than 2-3 times a week (р = 0.033). The women consuming fish more than 2-3 times a week had higher levels of Rb. We found a pronounced iodine deficiency in more than half of the examined women in the first to third trimesters, without any effect of pregnancy on the ioduria (р=0.834). All second and third trimester cases were associated with severe ioduria (< 150 µg/L). The high Cu levels were associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and less pulse consumption during pregnancy in an iodine deficiency endemic area. SCH was found in 24% of the pregnant women in such an area while in 13% of them SCH had progressed to overt hypothyroidism.

The Relation Of Placenta Previa With History Of Previous Cesarean Section And Miscarriages

Background and objectives: The factors that increase the risk of placenta previa in subsequent pregnancies include past miscarriages and the scar from a previous cesarean operation. This study aimed to determine whether a history of cesarean section or miscarriage was related to placenta previa at Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital. Methods: At the Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital, this case-control study was conducted between the 11th of September 2021 to the 31st of June.2022. A total of 100 women provided information, which was divided into two groups: Group A, which included 50 pregnant women with gestational ages between 30 and 40 weeks and confirmed placenta previa, and Group B, which included 50 pregnant women randomly selected with pregnancy lengths of 30 to 40 weeks and the placenta was in its usual location. Detailed history was taken from each woman, through this the relationship of placenta previa with previous cesarean section and miscarriages was studied. Results: The results of this study revealed that prior cesarean sections were previously performed in 74% of cases of placenta previa, compared to 46% of controls (p value = 0.004). In addition; there was no correlation between placenta previa and prior miscarriages (p value= 1.000), and a highly significant correlation was seen between the rise in previous cesarean deliveries and the presence of accreta (p value = 0.003). Conclusion: The likelihood of placenta previa in subsequent pregnancies is dramatically increased in this study by past cesarean deliveries; previous miscarriages have no significant impact on placenta previa development.

Associations between maternal serum neonicotinoid pesticide exposure during pregnancy and newborn telomere length: Effect modification by sampling season

BackgroundAn increasing amount of evidence suggests that telomere length (TL) at birth can predict lifespan and is associated with chronic diseases later in life, but newborn TL may be affected by environmental pollutants. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are widely used worldwide, and despite an increasing number of studies showing that they may have adverse effects on birth in mammals and even humans, few studies have examined the effect of NEO exposure on newborn TLs. ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to NEOs and the interactions between NEOs and sampling season on newborn TL. MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 500 mother-newborn pairs from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort. Ultraperformance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry was used to detect ten NEOs in maternal serum, and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to estimate the newborn TL. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the relationships between individual NEO exposures and TLs , and quantile g-computation (Qgcomp) model and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to evaluate the combined effect of mixtures of components. ResultsThe results of the GLM showed that compared with maternal TMX levels < LOD, maternal TMX levels < median were negatively correlated with newborn TL (-6.93%, 95% CI%: −11.92%, −1.66%), and the decrease in newborn TL was more pronounced in girls (-9.60%, 95% CI: −16.84%, −1.72%). Moreover, different kinds of maternal NEO exposure had different effects on newborn TL in different sampling seasons, and the effect was statistically significant in all seasons except in autumn. Mixed exposure analysis revealed a potential positive trend between NEOs and newborn TL, but the association was not statistically significant. ConclusionPrenatal exposure to TMX may shorten newborn TL, and this effect is more pronounced among female newborns. Furthermore, the relationship between NEO exposure and TL may be modified by the sampling season.

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USI 24-59 BULAN

Stunting makes you short as an adult and increases cases of obesity. The prevalence of stunting in Central Lampung District reached 20.4% and in the Simpang Agung Health Center (10.10%). This study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunting at the Simpang Agung Health Center in Central Lampung Regency in 2022. Observational study with a case control approach. The sample in this study was 86 children under five who were divided into two sample and control groups. Bivariate analysis in this study used the Chi Square Test. The results showed that a history of maternal CED during pregnancy (p value = 0.029, OR = 6.2) and birth length history (p value = 0.041, OR = 5.5) are risk factors for stunting in toddlers aged 24 -59 months while history of birth weight (p value = 0.24), history of exclusive breastfeeding (p value = 0.217, OR = 0.4), and history of immunization (p value = 0.483, OR = 2.2) not a risk factor for stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months at the Simpang Agung Health Center. The conclusion of this study is that the mother's history of CED during pregnancy and birth length are risk factors for stunting, while birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and immunization status are not risk factors for stunting.

COVID-19 Distribution in Pregnancy, Drug Use Patterns and COVID-19 Medication during the Pandemic in Spain: Data from Real-World Electronic Health Records.

Although pregnant women were considered a risk population for COVID-19, little is known of their drug use during the pandemic. We aimed to investigate COVID-19 distribution, drug use patterns and COVID-19 medication. We conducted a retrospective cohort of validated pregnancies aged 15-49 years, from January 2020 to December 2022, using the BIFAP database. An identified cohort of pregnant women with COVID-19 was matched by age, gestational age, length of pregnancy and outcome to a cohort free of COVID-19 (8413 vs. 24,975). We performed a descriptive analysis on COVID-19 cases, estimated the drug use patterns and assessed COVID-19-specific drugs within the week prior/after diagnosis, stratified by pandemic wave and gestational week. The results showed that 72% of pregnant women with COVID-19 received at least one prescription vs. 66.6% of those free of COVID-19, with analgesics, antibiotics and thyroid hormones being the most prescribed drugs in both groups. In the COVID-19 group, they were antithrombotics (40 prescriptions per 100 women), analgesic/NSAIDs (19.64/6.29) and antibiotics (6.95). COVID-19 cases gradually increased, peaking at the fifth and second waves. Prescription rates were similar when compared to pre-pandemic studies. The use of drugs compatible with COVID-19 treatments was in line with recommendations.

Evaluation of cervical length in twin pregnancies

Evaluation of cervical length in twin pregnancies