Lemuru Fish Oil Research Articles

The benefits of flushing with Lemuru fish oil as a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the performance of reproductive parameters in Garut ewes.

This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effects of a flushing diet containing Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Lemuru (Sardinella sp) fish oil on the reproductive performance parameters of Garut ewes. Forty (n = 40) primiparous Garut ewes aged 12-14 months with an average body weight of 28.92 ± 4.94kg were assigned into four experimental treatment groups. The experimental diets contained roughage: concentrate (30:70%) designated as control concentrate (CNT), flushing concentrate with 6% palm oil (PO), flushing concentrate with 3% palm oil mixed with 3% lemuru oil as DHA and EPA sources (PFO), and flushing concentrate with the addition of 6% lemuru oil (FO). Treatment animals were fed two weeks before and after conception and parturition (8 weeks of total flushing treatment). The addition of fish oil at either 3% (PFO) or 6% (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance of ewes by increasing the litter size, as reflected by the birth of multiple kids (P < 0.05) compared to CNT and PO. Adding fish oil (PFO and FO) also maintains gestation, resulting in increased lamb yield, especially in the FO treatment, which yields the highest lamb yield (0% single lamb birth). The lamb male ratio was also higher with fish oil supplementation (PFO and PO) (P < 0.05). This research revealed a positive effect of 6% Lemuru oil on decreasing embryo loss and increasing the proportion of twin births. These findings thus support the hypothesis that ration flushing with double the required DHA and EPA from 6% Lemuru fish oil (FO) resulted in significantly higher reproductive performance in Garut sheep.

Growth and Development of Stadia Artemia salina in Culture with Different Concentration of Bran Suspension

The annual need for Artemia in Indonesia reaches 40-60 tons, but up to now 100% of this need is still imported. Various efforts have been made to produce Artemia cysts, but the main obstacle in cultivating Artemia to produce cysts is the availability of natural food, namely phytoplankton which can survive in high salinity. The use of organic materials such as bran can be a solution for feeding and can increase the density of Artemia, but excessive use of bran suspension in Artemia cultivation ponds can trigger a decrease in the quality of the water for the growth of Artemia. This research was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of bran feed for the growth and development of Artemia salina without compromising the water quality of the cultivation. The Artemia feed used in this study was a bran suspension enriched with lemuru fish oil (12 ml/L bran suspension). The bran feed concentration treatments in this study were 5 treatments sequentially, namely P1 to P5 with feed concentrations of 11, 18, 26.34, and 41 mg/L. Artemia salina cultivation in this study was carried out at an initial density of 50 ind/L with a salinity of 30 pptl. The research results showed that cultivating Artemia salina using bran suspension feed with different concentrations had an effect on the growth and development of Artemia salina. The best growth and development of Artemia results from cultivation using bran suspension feed with a concentration of 41 mg/L.

Blood lipids and fatty acids profile of broiler chicken meat after consuming diet containing Lemuru fish oil and palm oil

Blood lipids and fatty acids profile of broiler chicken meat after consuming diet containing Lemuru fish oil and palm oil

Concentrations Fermentation of Rice Bran Addition of Lemuru Fish Oil Toward Fecundity and Production Offspring Moina macrocopa

Moina macrocopa is a natural food that has the potential for freshwater fish seeds, because of its high nutritional value, easy to digest and has a fast, fast breeding, and has a size that is in accordance with the fish's mouth opening. Problems in the use of M. macrocopa as natural food are constrained by the availability of M. macrocopa both from nature and from cultivation. Population density in M. macrocopa cultivation varies due to different quality of food used. The needs of M. macrocopa as natural food can be met if the quality and quantity of feed used optimally support population growth. This study aims to determine the effect of lemuru fish oil concentration in bran suspension fermentation on fecundity and offspring production of M. macrocopa. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments three replications, namely: control treatment (0 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 gram bran), P1 (4 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 gram bran), P2 (lemuru fish oil 5 mg/L, 100 gram bran ), P3 (lemuru fish oil 6 mg/L, 100 gram bran), P4 (7 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 grams), and P5 (8 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 gram bran ).The parameters observed were fecundity and child production per parent and water quality. Data analysis used the Analysis of Variance test followed by Duncan's multiple test. The results showed that the cultivation of M. macrocopa using different bran suspension feed with supplemented lemuru fish oil affected the fecundity and production of children per M. macrocopa parent. The concentration of lemuru fish oil of 6 mg/L in the feed resulted in a fecundity of 24,00±2,00 eggs/parent and child production is 20,33±1,52 ind/parent.

Effects of Lemuru Fish Oil (Sardinella Sp.) on Estrous Response, Hormonal Profile and Conception Rates in Garut Ewes

Effects of Lemuru Fish Oil (Sardinella Sp.) on Estrous Response, Hormonal Profile and Conception Rates in Garut Ewes

Quantity and quality of ephippia from moina (Moina macrocopa) culture with bran suspension feed with Lemuru fish oil

Epipia Moina macrocopa is a product of sexual reproduction in the form of dormant egg cells that can be stored for a long time. The epipia can hatch at any time similar to the Artemia cyst. The quality and quantity of ephippia is influenced by the quality and quantity of the feed. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control without the addition of fish oil (P0). suspension of bran with the addition of 1.5 ml of fish oil (P1). suspension of bran with the addition of 3 ml of fish oil (P2). suspension of bran with the addition of 4.5 ml of fish oil (P3). and suspension of bran with the addition of 6 ml fish oil (P4). The main parameters are the quality and quantity of epihipia. The concentration of lemuru fish oil 6 ml/100 gr of bran can increase the quantity of ephippia as much as 426 ± 60.53 grains/L with the percentage of ephippia containing eggs as much as 98%.3 grains/L with the percentage of ephippia containing eggs as much as 98%.

Immunity and Behaviour of Lambs Born from Ewes Fed a Flushing Diet Containing EPA and DHA

Nutrition can influence lamb survival and the immune status during the neonatal phase until weaning.  This study aimed to investigate the effect of flushing of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Lemuru fish oil in the Ewe's diet on lamb immunity and survival. Twenty-eight neonatal lambs were divided into four treatments according to Ewe's diet. Four treatments: control concentrate (P1), flushing concentrate with 6% palm oil (P2), flushing concentrate with 3% lemuru oil and 3% palm oil (P3), and flushing concentrate with 6% lemuru oil (P4). The Ewe were fed Napier grass and concentrated in a 30:70% ratio based on dry matter. Ewe and their lambs remained together until weaning at about two months of age. The parameter observed in ewes was colostrum Immunoglobulin G (IgG).  The parameters in the Lamb are blood Ig G, neonatal behavior of the Lamb, physiological response, and hematology of the Lamb at birth and weaning. The results showed that feeding P4, P3, and P2 to the Ewe resulted in a shorter latency to stand-in lamb (P0.05). P1 has higher leukocytes (P0.05) during weaning than P2 and P3. P1 has the same leukocyte as P4. Treatment has a non-significant effect (P0.05) on Ig G and physiological response. In conclusion, administering 6% Lemuru oil containing EPA and DHA twice can shorten the latency to stand in newborn lambs.

Production of omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil by two-step urea complexation

Lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil is a by-product containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that is important for the prevention of several diseases. For daily intake, saturated fatty acids should be removed from fish oil to obtain PUFA concentrates. Various methods have been observed in producing omega-3 concentrates. The objective of this study was to produce the omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish oil using a two-step urea complexation method and to characterize the omega-3 product. Lemuru fish oil was saponified and purified to produce fatty acids and urea was added to the fatty acids to obtain crystal complexes. In this study, crystallization was carried out at -20 °C for 24 h with an oil-urea ratio of 1:0.625, 1:1.25, and 1:2.5. The results showed that the highest content of omega-3 (ALA, DHA, EPA) was reached at a ratio of fish oil-urea of 1:0.625. Based on the FTIR spectrum analysis, omega-3 concentrate contained the specific spectrum indicated by HC=CH trans, -C=O (ester), and -C-O (acid) groups. UV-Vis spectra analysis showed that light exposure affected the stability of omega-3 concentrate, as is evident by the hypsochromic shift of the resulting spectrum.

Effect of supplementing cellulase, carnitine and lemuru fish oil in feed on chemical composition of Muscovy duck meat

Muscovy duck in Indonesia has good potential to be developed as a meat producer, but currently its production and performance are still relatively low. additional feed is needed to increase it, such as cellulase enzymes, L-carnitine, and lemuru fish oil. where this combination, enzymes can increase nutrient digestibility, fish oil which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and L-carnitine as a metabolic facilitator needed to oxidize long chain fatty acids. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing cellulase, carnitine and fish oil in feed on performance, EPA and DHA composition of Muscovy duck meat. In total, 120 Muscovy ducks in grower period were allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 6 ducks. The treatments consisted of T0 = basal ration, T1 = T0 supplemented with 0.1% cellulase, T2 = T1 supplemented with L-carnitine 40 ppm, and T3 = T2 supplemented with 4% lemuru fish oil. The dietary treatments were fed for 90 days. The results of study showed that the effects of supplementing fish oil and L-carnitine in rations containing cellulase enzyme have a significant value (P<0.01) on the performance (feed consumption, daily body weight gain, feed conversion and IOFC) of male Muscovy duck grower phase and have a significant value (P<0.01) on EPA and DHA level in Muscovy duck meat. The supplementation can decrease feed consumption, meanwhile it increase daily body weight gain, improve feed conversion ratio, increase IOFC value, EPA and DHA level.

Pengaruh Imbangan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit terhadap Karkas dan Komposisi Kimia Daging Ayam Broiler

The purpose of this research was to analyze effect of the balancing lemuru fish oil and palm oil on the carcass of broiler and chemical composition of breast of broiler. 200 broilers reared from DOC to 35 days old. Broilers were divided into 4 treatment groups and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of: P0 = diet with 3% crude palm oil, P1 = diet with 1% lemuru fish oil + 2% crude palm oil, P2 = diet with 2% lemuru fish oil + 1% crude palm oil, P3 = diet with 3% lemuru fish oil. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Duncan's significant difference test. Treatment with lemuru fish oil up to 3% had significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on decreasing carcass but increasing the proportion of thigh. The use of lemuru fish oil feed as much as 2% and palm oil as much as 1% is more effective than control diet on carcass and meat chemistry composition.

Physical and chemical quality of chicken eggs (Lohman brown strains) feed conventional feed with the addition of lemuru fish oil

This study aims to determine the quality of chicken eggs of the Lohman Brown has given fish oil in rations. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a total of 160 chickens with 4 treatments and 4 replications and each replication consisted of 10 chickens. P0: Ration without fish oil, P1: Ration using 0.2% fish oil, P2: Rations using 0.3% fish oil, P3: Rations using 0.4% fish oil. The feed used is composed of feed ingredients, namely corn, bran, concentrate, mineral, and fish flour. The variables observed included egg weight, egg white weight, egg yolk weight, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk color, Haugh units, yolk index, fat content, protein content, and cholesterol. The results showed that the use of fish oil of 0.2% in the ratio gave significantly different results (P&lt;0.05) on egg weight, yolk weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk index, while the results showed no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) on white weight, shell weight, yolk color, fat content, protein content, cholesterol in eggs.

Effectiveness of Lemuru Fish (Sardinella longiceps) Oil Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility, Fiber Fraction and Rumen Fluid Fermentability

Effectiveness of Lemuru Fish (Sardinella longiceps) Oil Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility, Fiber Fraction and Rumen Fluid Fermentability

Effectivity of lemuru fish oil (sardinella longiceps) protection in periodontal tissue wistar rats induced by diabetes mellitus

Objective: To determine the effect of lemuru fish oil extract (Sardinella longiceps) on the number of fibroblasts in periodontal tissue of Wistar rats induced by diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats male, were divided into 4 groups, group K0 (negative control), K1 (4ml/kgBB), K2 (8ml/kgBB), and K3 (4ml/kgBB). Rats were induced with nicotinamide and streptozotocin to create a state of diabetes. The experiment of giving lemuru fish oil extract was carried out for 21 days.The number of fibroblast cells in periodontal tissue with HE staining was performed. The data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc LSD test.&#x0D; Results: The LSD test showed a significant difference between the group without treatment and the group using treatment lemuru fish oil. Group with Lemuru fish oil can increase the number of fibroblasts and the most effective dose is 8ml/kgBB.&#x0D; Conclusion: Lemuru fish oil extract (Sardinella longiceps) can increase the number of fibroblasts in periodontal tissue of Wistar rats induced by diabetes mellitus.

KOMBINASI MINYAK IKAN LEMURU DAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA DAN ORGAN DALAM AYAM BROILER

The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of lemuru fish oil as palm oil substitution in ration on broiler performance. This research used 200 Ross broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), where the treatments level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil were respectively P0 = rations containing 3% palm oil and 0% lemuru fish oil, P1 = rations containing 2% palm oil and 1% lemuru fish oil, P2 = rations containing 1% palm oil and 2% lemuru fish oil, P3 = rations containing 0% palm oil and 3% lemuru fish oil. The variables observed were feed intake, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, and income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significant result (P&lt;0,05) were followed by Duncan test. The results showed a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) in decreasing FCR in the starter period with a higher level of use of lemuru fish oil, increasing body weight gain and decreasing FCR in the finisher period with a lower level of use of lemuru fish oil, but the treatments did not significantly effect on performance broiler during the age of 35 days. Weight and percentage of internal organs and digestive tract under normal conditions, except liver weight.&#x0D; The conclusion of this study was the use of 3% lemuru fish oil can improve FCR in the starter phase, but the different level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil until 3 % in broiler rations does not affect on broiler performance during the age of 35 days.&#x0D;

LIPID METABOLISM OF PAJAJARAN DUCKS FED POMACEA CANALICULATA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANZT LEAF MEAL IN RATIONS CONTAINING SARDINELLA OIL LEMURU

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing local feed ingredients, namely Golden Snail (Pomacea Canaliculata) as a source of protein and Cassava Leaf Meal (Manihot Esculenta Cranzt) in rations containing Lemuru Fish Oil (Sardinella Lemuru) against cholesterol reduction and lipid metabolic profile in Pajajaran ducks. This study uses 28-week Pajajaran ducks with an average body weight (bw) of 1648 grams as many as 180 ducks. The diet contains cassava leaf meal and lemuru fish oil with protein 14.26-18.53 energy level 3905-4172 kcal kg-1. The study design used was Factorial 3x2 completely randomized design, with the first factor being the use of cassava leaf meal (0%, 5% 10%) and the second factor being the use of golden snail (0%, 5%).&#x0D; The results showed that the administration of 10% (D10K0) cassava leaf meal was significant (P&lt;0.05) increasing feed consumption by 5.78%, the use of 5% golden snail increased the ration palatability by 5.17%. There was a significant interaction (P&lt;0.05) between cassava leaf and golden snail meal to meat fat and cholesterol consumption, the treatment was able to reduce meat cholesterol level (27.98%). The treatment had no significant effect on blood lipid and egg profiles. The use of 5% golden snail can reduce egg MDA 37.03%, the use of 5% cassava meal decreases MDA eggs by 47.98% while at 10% use cassava leaf meal reduces egg MDA levels by 57.60% and egg fat 2.43%.

Reproductive Performance of Ewes, Fed Flushing Diet at Different Management Feeding Program.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; There is very rare information regarding data of reproduction performance of small ruminant with different management flushing program in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of flushing diet program containing lemuru fish oil with time management difference, by evaluating the reproductive performance of local Garut ewes. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty of garut ewes (average body weight 30.06±6.20 kg) were used in this experiment using Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD), in four treatments with five animals of each treatment. The treatments were without flushing (F0 as control), flushing at the beginning of mating (F1 = 2 weeks pre-mating until 2 weeks just after-mating), two times flushing (F2 = F1 plus 4 weeks flushing during mid gestation) and three times flushing (F3 = F2 plus 2 weeks flushing at the end of gestation and 2 weeks after parturition). The ratio of flushing or basal concentrate to forage was 70:30. Basal concentrate was given during untreated. Nutrients consumption, body condition score (BCS), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and reproduction parameters were evaluated. The data of sex ratio and birth type were expressed descriptively. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The results showed that the treatment had significant effect (p<0.05) on crude fat consumption, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and changes of BCS values, but had no effect on other nutrients consumptions. All treatments did not affect to total birth weight, the number of embryo, litter size, gestation period and sex ratio. The percentage of ewes pregnancy with the flushing treatment was 25% higher than the control. The flushing treatments were significantly effect on partus weight of ewes (p<0.05). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; It was concluded that three times flushing program at early, middle and late of gestation could improve the nutritional status and reproductive performance of ewes, such as fat intake, partus weight, improved percentage of pregnancy and type of birth, but did not affect to total birth weight, litter size, pregnant period and sex ratio.

Colostrum Quality of Ewe Fed Flushing Diet Containing EPA and DHA Associated with Lamb Performance

This study evaluated the effect of a flushing diet containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from lemuru fish oil in ewe ration on colostrum quality and lamb performance. Twenty Garut ewes were divided into four treatments of flushing concentrate: control concentrate (P1), flushing concentrate containing 6% palm oil (P2), flushing concentrate containing 3% lemuru oil and 3% palm oil (P3), flushing concentrate containing 6% lemuru oil (P4). The animal consumed Napier grass and concentrate with a diet ratio of 30%:70% based on dry matter. The experimental ewes were fed flushing rations two weeks before and two weeks after mating continued with 2 weeks before and two weeks after lambing. The ewes and their lambs were put together until weaning time with around two months. The parameters observed in ewes were nutrient consumption and their colostrum qualities. Meanwhile, the lamb parameters measured were nutrient consumption, lamb blood metabolites at birth, and lamb performance. The experimental design used a randomized blocked design (RBD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan test was used to analyze data. The results showed that treatment did not significantly affect dry matter consumption in ewe and lamb, ewe’s colostrum quality, and lamb’s blood metabolites. However, the treatment significantly improved (p<0.05) average daily gain and weaning weights of lambs. In conclusion, the flushing ration did not affect the quality of colostrum produced. Feeding of experimental ewes 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after mating continued with 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after parturition with flushing rations of 6% lemuru oil containing EPA and DHA can produce twin lambs with good growth performances such as daily gain and weaning weight similar to the control, which has single litter size.

Kecernaan Nutrien Domba Fase Akhir Kebuntingan yang Diberi Ransum Flushing dengan Frekuensi yang Berbeda

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of late pregnancy local ewes treated with flushing ration and different feeding frequency. Twelve local ewes in the late pregnancy phase (BW 49.96 ± 9.67 kg) were divided on a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were P1 (without flushing), P2 (flushing at the before and after mating), P3 (flushing at the before and after mating, and middle of pregnancy), and P4 (flushing at the before and after mating, middle, and late of pregnancy). Flushing concentrate containing 2% coconut oil and 5% lemuru fish oil. The variables observed were nutrient consumption and nutrient digestibility. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA, the data with significant differences in the treatment effects were further tested using Duncan Test. The result showed that the treatments significantly affected (p&lt;0.01) consumption of crude fat. Giving the flushing ration at the before and after mating, and mid pregnancy significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and N-free extract. It can be concluded that the feeding frequency of flushing affects the consumption and digestibility of local sheep at the late stages of pregnancy. Giving flushing ration at the before and after mating, and middle of pregnancy showed the best digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and N-free extract.&#x0D; Key words: flushing, lemuru fish oil, local ewes, nutrient digestibility

Effects of L-Carnitine and Fish Oil Supplementations in the Diet to Digestibility of Crude Fat, Fiber, and Feed Conversion in Native Chicken

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of L-carnitine and fish oils on crude fat and fiber digestibilities, and feed conversion in native chicken. This study used 100 Kampung chickens aged 20 weeks. Feed treatments were divided into four groups consisted of basal diet, basal diet supplemented by L-carnitine, basal diet supplemented by L-carnitine and Tuna fish oil, and basal diet supplemented by L-carnitine and Lemuru fish oil. The data observed in this study were crude fat consumption and digestibility, crude fiber consumption and digestibility, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Those data were analyzed using analysis of variance and an orthogonal contrast test was applied to distinguish among groups. Statistical analysis showed that highly significant effects of L-carnitine and fish oils supplementation on crude fat and fiber consumptions, and crude fat digestibility were found in this study (P&lt;0.01). Moreover, L-carnitine and fish oils supplementation in the diet significantly affected crude fiber digestibility, feed consumption, and FCR (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of Tuna and Lemuru fish oils until 4% containing 30 ppm L-carnitine improved crude fat consumption, digestibilities of crude fat and fiber, and decreased crude fiber digestibility, feed consumption, and FCR.

Fatty acid composition of black soldier fly maggot were reared in the mixture of laying hen manure with lemuru fish oil

Abstract Manure can release greenhouse gases and invite the presence of house flies which can harm livestock health and pollute the environment. Maggot black soldier fly can overcome manure problems by converting it into nutrient-rich biomass. The growth and nutrient composition of maggot is influenced by the type of media used as food. In this study, the maggot black soldier fly was given six kinds of feed consisting of a mixture of laying hens manure with the addition of lemuru fish oil which varied 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. Three weeks old maggot black soldier fly was harvested and the total production was weighed. Maggot meal samples were analyzed for nutrient content and fatty acid composition. The data obtained were analyzed of variance and continued with Duncan’s multiple renge test. The results showed that the treatment was highly significant effect on maggot production, weight of 100 maggots, and crude fat content. Mixed feed of laying 61723 ASDBEENhens manure with 12% lemuru fish oil was the best mixture with the highest average production of fresh BSF maggot 1.139.25 g, average maggot weight 0.19 g/maggot, crude fat content 33.87%, linoleic 6.483%, linolenic acid 0.388%, EPA 2.142 %, and DHA 0.049%. It was concluded that the addition of lemuru fish oil into layer chicken manure could enrich the unsaturated fatty acid content of maggot black soldier fly.