Este artigo propõe discutir as relações entre literatura e filosofia a partir da perspectiva de Jean-Paul Sartre. Desse modo, abordaremos questões apresentadas em sua obra Que é a literatura? (Qu'est ce que la littérature?), publicada em 1946, dentre outros escritos. Para Sartre, o significado do texto é efetivado no diálogo entre autor e leitor, sendo a literatura um elemento propulsor da reflexão e do engajamento do indivíduo na sociedade. Como exemplo disso, recorreremos ao conto intitulado “O muro” (“Le mur”) - pertencente ao livro de título homônimo também de autoria do próprio Sartre -, sendo que este conto alude-se à ação do fascismo na guerra civil espanhola. O enredo da narrativa destaca a experiência da consciência da morte diante da guerra e a ironia recorrente das escolhas aspiradas pelos personagens-prisioneiros, evidenciando assim os traços existencialistas presentes em seu conteúdo, sobretudo no tocante à relação do homem com a concepção de liberdade.

Soumission à Epi-revel Comment l’industrie nucléaire traite les murs contaminés de ses installations anciennes ? A partir d’une recherche sur les chantiers de démantèlement, l’auteur examine les façons dont sont menées ces opérations qui allient déconstruction et traitement des déchets radioactifs. En prêtant attention aux aspects les plus concrets de la composition des murs, l’article souligne les contradictions qui peuvent surgir entre les options techniques envisagées et la réalité matérielle avec laquelle doivent composer les salariés du nucléaire. La réflexion qui porte principalement sur le « devenir déchet » de ces infrastructures techniques vise plus largement à interroger la démesure de nos modes de production et leurs effets sur nos façons d’habiter le monde. How does the nuclear industry handle the contaminated walls of its older facilities ? Based on research into dismantling sites, the author examines the methods used in these operations, which combine deconstruction and radioactive waste treatment. By paying attention to the most concrete aspects of wall composition, the article highlights the contradictions that may arise between the envisaged technical options and the material reality that nuclear workers must contend with. The reflection primarily focuses on the 'becoming waste' of these technical infrastructures and aims to question more broadly the excesses of our production methods and their effects on our ways of inhabiting the world. International audience

Soumission à Epi-revel The dry-stone wall organizes deliberatively the land, while at the same time blending in it insensitively: conspicuous and discreet in alternation. The creative act of man adds to the stereotomy of the structure and the lithology of the terrain to structure the space and modify the relief. A closer look at the semantics of these structures shows that dry stone is the same everywhere, and that each concept needs to be contextualized. Structures and landscapes are in perpetual transformation, but so are the uses and legal, social and societal aspects of dry-stone structures that delimit and open up passages. Le mur en pierre sèche organise volontairement le territoire en même temps qu’il s’y intègre insensiblement : ostensible et discret à la fois. L’acte créatif de l’homme s’ajoute à la stéréotomie de l’ouvrage, à la lithologie du terrain pour structurer l’espace et modifier les reliefs. L’abord de la sémantique des ouvrages permet de comprendre que la pierre sèche est partout identique et chaque fois une notion à contextualiser. Structures et paysages sont en perpétuelle transformation mais il en va aussi des usages, des aspects juridiques, sociaux et sociétaux des ouvrages bâtis à sec qui délimitent et qui ouvrent des passages. International audience

L’inconscient, avançons-nous, est un passe-muraille. Une idée qui ne s’entend qu’à considérer d’abord le mur en ce qu’il produit une clôture offrant les conditions d’un repli pour le sujet. Ainsi le mur crée un domaine retranché où l’inconscient vient jouer les passe-murailles. Nous étayerons cette idée à l’appui d’une donnée récurrente de la pratique clinique avec les enfants, à savoir qu’ils parlent très fréquemment de l’espace de leur chambre et de ce qu’ils s’imaginent pouvoir y faire intrusion. Nous proposerons, en nous référant à la topologie de Lacan, une manière d’envisager cette clôture singulière qui invite l’Autre au sein du repli de l’intimité.

Nous nous concentrerons sur le centre historique de Madrid, où l’effacement du tag et du graffiti depuis les années 1990 constitue l’un des fers de lance électoral des administrations municipales. Le conflit oppose les graffeurs et la mairie, dans un va‑et‑vient incessant qui voit s’alterner surface remplie et surface vidée, restauration et anéantissement de la monochromie murale. L’effacement du graffiti donne lieu à un phénomène paradoxal, qu'il est proposé d’analyser ici : les rectangles de peinture (appelés « buff ») apposés par les agents de propreté pour recouvrir les écritures illégales, au lieu de rétablir un vide, viennent emplir l’espace urbain d’un patchwork de couleurs.

Although several public apostates from Islam are well known in France, most are not French. More attention is granted to French musulmans laïques: practicing Muslims who underline their support for a contemporary model of laïcité holding that religious practices should be restricted to the private sphere. Olivier Arnaubec’s novel 2023. Le mur (2015), Xavier Durringer’s film Ne m’abandonne pas (2016), and Zahwa Djennad’s novel Tabou. Confession d’un jeune de banlieue (2013) reflect this, each deploying musulman laïque protagonists to communicate divergent visions of French Islam, while mentioning the figure of the apostate at most in passing. This may be because the figure of the secular Muslim can easily be appropriated to support the creator of each work’s differing vision of the place of Islam in French society. Musulman laïque protagonists help further Arnaubec’s racist rejection of populations racialized as “Muslim”; the more insidious form of Islamophobia associated with the political mainstream seen in Durringer’s film; and Djennad’s portrayal of Islamic practice as already wholly French without needing further “assimilation.” This article argues that the figure of the ex-Muslim is harder to appropriate to any of these ends, a difficulty which helps to explain the discrepancy in public prominence between the musulman laïque and the apostate in contemporary France.

Globally, Giardia duodenalis is probably the most common intestinal protozoan parasite infecting humans and it appears also to be common in some zoo-housed primates. Infected zoo animals present a risk for potential spill-over of zoonotic pathogens to co-residing animals, staff and visitors. Using quantitative PCR, this study compared Giardia spp. prevalence and infection intensity in wild and zoo-housed ring-tailed lemurs Lemur catta. Infection intensity of zoo-housed ring-tailed lemurs (prevalence=88.6%, median Ct value=31.1, IQR=27.1–34.5) was significantly higher (P>0.01) than in wild ring-tailed lemurs (prevalence=20.0%, median Ct value=37.7, IQR=37.5–38.7), where little or no Giardia was found. Comparison of the enclosure designs showed both a higher prevalence and significantly higher intensity (P>0.005) of Giardia infections in zoos with walk-through enclosures (prevalence=89%, median Ct value=28.6, IQR=26.5–32.3) compared to traditional enclosures (prevalence=65%, median Ct value=35.2, IQR=33.3–37.8), but there was substantial variation within groups. The potentially zoonotic G. duodenalis assemblage B was identified in samples from five zoos. These findings suggest that ring-tailed lemurs may be asymptomatic carriers of G. duodenalis and a higher parasitic load might occur in lemurs held in walk-through enclosures.

During routine surveys of owl distributions on St. Catherines Island, we observed naturalized ring-tailed lemurs displaying antipredator responses to owl auditory cues. In the 32 y since the introduction of ring-tailed lemurs to the island, two successful depredation events by two different owl species have been documented. We investigated the behavioral response of ring-tailed lemurs to determine if they responded consistently to social calls from all three owl species present on St. Catherines Island despite size differences among the owl species that could affect the likelihood of them serving as predators on ring-tailed lemurs. We observed while ring-tailed lemurs responded to all the auditory owl calls, they exhibited more intense, longer and more consistent responses to the two larger owl species – the barred owl and great horned owl – relative to the small Eastern screech owl. These data suggest naturalized species are capable of learning threat-sensitive antipredator behaviors to novel predator communities.

This article examines the 2014 case of French comedian Dieudonne and his purported incitement to hatred through his comedy act at the time, which hit national headlines and danced along the line of acceptable speech and making fun of the Holocaust. At the same time, Dieudonne’s comedy appealed to a faction of French society that felt relegated and ignored by the French elite, a sentiment that was furthered by a clash between one religious group that has legal protections in place to protect it from Holocaust denial, versus another group that does not have similar protections in place for Islamophobic acts. This case study demonstrates how Dieudonne tapped into these sensitive areas of cultural life by engaging the communicative genres of humour and satire to draw attention to and toy with making fun of the Holocaust, though his comedy act, Le Mur (The Wall), a silly song about the Holocaust, and an arm gesture called the ‘quenelle’. Using a textual thematic analysis of online newspaper articles collected at the time from Le Figaro and Le Monde, as well as transcripts from ten in-person, semi-structured interviews conducted in Paris with activists, journalists, politicians, a lawyer, and a comedian, what the findings point to is that while Dieudonne appealed to a disenfranchised audience as a ‘provocateur’, he also highlighted how key factions of French society are struggling with inclusivity and a lack of social cohesion in a political context where laicite, the separation of religious life and political life, is sacrosanct.

World's lemurs threatened

Lemurs have fruity- smelling wrists

This article explores Jean‐Paul Sartre’s short story “Érostrate,” inLe mur(1939), through sociology—an area of inquiry he apparently neglected or so misjudged by the critique, at least untilCritique de la raison dialectique(1960). However, his early fictions are infused with perceptive views of selfhood creation and role relationships that present intriguing avenues with interactionist sociology and staged socialization. Role models opted for by Sartre’s antihero, Paul Hilbert, stem from publicizedfaits‐divers(“news items”) and the dark perpetrator from Antiquity, Erostratus. The study goal is aimed at existential situations anticipated in Sartre’s interwar writings and later theorized by Erving Goffman and Anthony Giddens. It is directed toward the comprehension of deviant individuals who resort to violence for life resolution and public attention.

Effects of lemur tyrosine kinase-3 on cell proliferation and invasion in lung squamous carcinoma cell line SK-MES-1

Looking inside lemurs’ mouths to find their ancient relatives

Non-human primates harbor zoonotic pathogens including the rabies virus ( Rabies lyssavirus ). Though the chances of rabies transmission from primates is low, guidelines currently recommend a post-exposure prophylaxis for unvaccinated persons. In Madagascar, lemurs have been described as carriers of the rabies virus, but a discussion about the risk of rabies transmission to humans from lemurs, particularly in the context of in-country ownership of lemurs, has not been studied. We use qualitative and quantitative data collected from household surveys (n = 271 interviewees who had seen a pet lemur across 12 urban towns), web-based surveys (n = 229), and the literature (publications using data collected by the Institute Pasteur of Madagascar over the last century) to examine the context in which the rabies virus could be transmitted from lemurs to humans. Though only a few wild and pet lemurs in Madagascar have tested positive for rabies, post-exposure treatment is sometimes also sought out following aggressive incidents with lemurs. Many interviewees (22 ± 6%, mean ± 95% confidence interval CI) across 12 towns indicated that pet lemurs they had seen, had a history of aggression. Some lemur owners appear to be aware that their pets could transmit the rabies virus and seek veterinary care to prevent this. The public health burden of rabies is relatively low in Madagascar and despite some anecdotes in the literature, it appears that lemurs are rarely the source of rabies when humans become infected. However, this case study highlights the lack of data and publications regarding the public health implications of human-lemur contact in Madagascar. Resume Les primates non-humains hebergent des pathogenes zoonotiques incluant le virus de la rage ( Rabies lyssavirus ). Bien que les risques de transmission de la rage par les primates soient faibles, les lignes directrices recommandent actuellement une prophylaxie post-exposition pour les personnes non vaccinees. A Madagascar, les lemuriens ont ete decrits comme porteurs du virus de la rage, mais une discussion sur le risque de transmission de la rage a l'Homme par les lemuriens, en particulier dans le contexte de la propriete locale des lemuriens, n'a pas ete etudiee. Nous utilisons des donnees qualitatives et quantitatives collectees a partir d'enquetes aupres des foyers (n = 271 interviewes ayant vu un lemurien dans 12 villes), des enquetes en ligne (n = 229) et de la litterature (publications utilisant des donnees collectees par l'Institut Pasteur de Madagascar au cours du siecle dernier) pour examiner le contexte dans lequel le virus de la rage pourrait etre transmis par les lemuriens aux humains. Bien que seuls quelques lemuriens sauvages et animaux de compagnie a Madagascar aient ete testes positifs a la rage, un traitement post-exposition est parfois egalement recherche suite a des agressions par des lemuriens. De nombreuses personnes interrogees (22 ± 6%, moyenne ± Intervalle de confiance IC a 95%) dans 12 villes ont indique que les animaux de compagnie qu'ils avaient vus avaient des antecedents d'agression. Quelques proprietaires de lemuriens semblent etre conscients que leurs animaux de compagnie peuvent transmettre le virus de la rage et demander des soins veterinaires pour eviter cela. La rage constitue une charge relativement faible pour la sante publique a Madagascar et malgre quelques anecdotes dans la litterature, il semble que les lemuriens soient rarement la source de la rage lorsque les humains sont infectes. Cependant, cette etude de cas souligne le manque de donnees et de publications concernant les implications / consequences du contact entre humains et lemuriens sur la sante publique a Madagascar.

The formulation and provision of appropriate captive diets for zoo animals is important in ensuring the continued health of populations. Inappropriate diets can lead to a number of nutritional deficiencies and increase the risk of disease and obesity. Ruffed lemurs are the most intensely frugivorous of extant lemur species. Captive animals, however, are often fed a diet which may not accurately reflect the composition of the wild diet. As such, the species is prone to obesity and can suffer from nutrition-related diseases. Here we describe the historical diets of several captive populations of ruffed lemurs in the UK, describing differences in nutritional content with a particular focus on the problems of obesity and iron storage disease. Dietary data were collected from six zoological institutions. Comparative analyses were conducted to investigate differences in the amount metabolisable energy, carbohydrates, sugar and iron provisioned per individual, between institutions. The results showed that the composition of captive ruffed lemur diets, and the amount of food offered, differed between institutions. All dietary analytes showed significant variation, with metabolisable energy exceeding suggested maintenance energy requirements at all institutions. One population was found to be obese, and two institutions reported mortalities where excessive iron accumulation and iron storage disease was observed. These data represent an important addition to the literature as they describe historical inconsistencies in the diets of captive ruffed lemurs. Given the degree of variation in diet, morphology, physiology, and oro-rectal through-time amongst nonhuman primates, and the evidence of obesity and disease presented herein, the development of species-specific diets is long overdue. Zoos can use our data to inform the development of appropriate contemporary diets, thus improving captive ruffed lemur condition and wellbeing.

A new species Gaudalges averianovi sp. nov. (Acariformes: Psoroptidae: Makialginae) is described from Lepidolemur ruficaudatus Grandidier (Primates: Lepilemuridae) from Madagascar. A key to all known species of the genus Gaudalges Fain, 1963 is given. This is the first finding of mites of the genus Gaudalges on lemurs of the family Lepilemuridae.

Farewell to lemurs?

The blue-eyed black lemur ( Eulemur flavifrons ) is critically endangered in the wild and managed by ex-situ programmes in zoos. The breeding success in the European population is low and within the last five years, there have only been three births that survived. To try to increase the rate of infant survival, a systematic hand-rearing protocol was developed in 2013 and used on five infants from two different females that did not properly raise their infants. Milk formula was created with a mix of human newborn formula and kitten replacement milk. The lemur infants were fed ten times a day at the beginning, on a 24-hour round-the-clock basis. Solid food was offered as early as Day 7 and complete weaning was achieved without any medical issues around Day 107. The socialisation protocol consisted of maintaining permanent visual, olfactory and auditory contact with the parents from the day of the birth. First attempts to put the infants on their mother began as early as Day 2, but results varied, including successes with the parents, with conspecifics or lemurs from another Eulemur species. More work is needed to develop a feeding protocol which would also include the physiological variations in milk composition during the lactation period. Although many studies and reports have described hand rearing mammals, and more specifically lemurs, none of them describe a successful and complete protocol for five infants of the critically endangered blue-eyed black lemur.

GBS and the Impossibilist