Leisure Characteristics Research Articles

Leisure Time Prediction and Influencing Factors Analysis Based on LightGBM and SHAP

Leisure time is crucial for personal development and leisure consumption. Accurate prediction of leisure time and analysis of its influencing factors creates a benefit by increasing personal leisure time. We predict leisure time and analyze its key influencing factors according to survey data of Beijing residents’ time allocation in 2011, 2016, and 2021, with an effective sample size of 3356. A Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model is utilized to classify and predict leisure time, and the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) approach is utilized to conduct feature importance analysis and influence mechanism analysis of influencing factors from four perspectives: time allocation, demographics, occupation, and family characteristics. The results verify that LightGBM effectively predicts personal leisure time, with the test set’s accuracy, recall, and F1 values being 0.85 and the AUC value reaching 0.91. The results of SHAP highlight that work/study time within the system is the main constraint on leisure time. Demographic factors, such as gender and age, are also of great significance for leisure time. Occupational and family heterogeneity exist in leisure time as well. The results contribute to the government improving the public holiday system, companies designing personalized leisure products for users with different leisure characteristics, and residents understanding and independently increasing their leisure time.

Path Modeling between Urban Factors and Happiness of People with Disabilities: Using Partial Least Squares Multi-Group Analysis

Today, cities place important value on “Sustainable Cities” and “Cities for all”, concepts which mean that consideration for people with disabilities has become an essential element in urban planning and development. Moreover, the number of people with disabilities living in cities is steadily growing. In this context, the purpose of this study was to compare the happiness levels of people with and without disabilities living in Seoul, using the Seoul Survey data provided by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, and to identify a structural model of urban factors that affect the happiness of people with disabilities. Under this purpose, a partial least squares multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA) was conducted by setting up an analysis model (disabled group) and a contrasting model (non-disabled group) to determine differences between the groups (disabled and non-disabled). The results of the analysis were as follows. First, unlike in the non-disabled group, in which all factors had a significant effect on the levels of happiness, only a few factors were significant in the disabled group (the private, residential, and culture and leisure characteristics were not significant). Second, compared to the non-disabled group, social capital, urban safety, and living environment satisfaction were more important than personal attributes in the disabled group. Third, the relationship between the happiness levels of people with disabilities and urban factors was multidimensional rather than unidimensional. Fourth, the two groups differed in their structural models and pathways, and the differences were statistically significant. The present study made significant academic and policy contributions as it investigated the levels of happiness of people with disabilities living in the city and their perceptions of the city and used PLS-MGA to identify the multidimensional relationship between urban factors and happiness level.

1인가구의 여가 특성이 행복수준에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study examines the mediating effect of leisure satisfaction in the relationship between leisure characteristics of single-person households on the level of happiness.
 Methods For this purpose, 4,330 single-person households were selected as research subjects using the 2020 National Leisure Activity Survey data. For data analysis, SPSS 25 statistical program was used. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to determine the normality of the data, correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation of major variables, and regression analysis was performed to determine the influence on happiness level.
 Results First, the happiness level of single-person households was affected in the order of leisure satisfaction, health, leisure perception, gender, hobbies and entertainment, income level, leisure expenses, leisure time, and age. Second, on leisure satisfaction of single-person households, there were significant effects in the order of leisure time, leisure perception, health, and leisure cost. Third. In the leisure characteristics of single-person households, the partial mediating effect of leisure satisfaction was examined in the relationship between health, leisure cost, and leisure perception on happiness level.
 Conclusions In order to increase the happiness level of single-person households, it is necessary to enhance leisure satisfaction, health, and leisure awareness. In addition, if the COVID-19 infectious disease weakens, it will be necessary to expand the scope of leisure activities, expand leisure expenses and leisure time, and build a leisure infrastructure for women and young people.

Multiple-Perpetrator and Solo-Offender Sexual Assaults Between Strangers: Differences and Predictive Variables.

Multiple-perpetrator rape is an under-studied topic, but there has been a recent increase in studies on the differences between multiple-perpetrator sexual offenses and the ones perpetrated by solo offenders. This study aims to have a deeper understanding of the differences between multiple-perpetrator and solo-offender sexual assaults committed by strangers, from a sample of 400 sexual aggressions reported to the Spanish police in 2010. Differences were explored on variables related to characteristics of perpetrators, the assault (approach, control, maintenance, termination, and sexual behavior), and the victims. Data were obtained from police files on sexual assaults committed around the country. Significant differences found were similar to other studies conducted in other countries and proved that multiple perpetrator assaults committed by strangers are a different subtype. Additionally, four predictive variables of multiple-perpetrator rape were identified: older age (OR = 0.943, 95% CI = [0.92, 0.97]), alcohol or drug use (OR = 2.499, 95% CI = [1.50, 4.32]), non-Spanish nationals (OR = 1.980, 95% CI = [1.14, 3.45]), and use of violence to control the victim (OR = 2.465, 95% CI = [1.03, 5.90]). The cultural and leisure characteristics of Spanish society provide facilitating opportunities for multiple-perpetrator rapes and prevention strategies should be urgently addressed.

E스포츠 이론 강의 경험에 관한 자문화기술지

This study was conducted to explore the possibilities and limitations of e-sports academization as judged by lecturers in the e-sports industry related theory classes at universities through the autoethnography method. The research results and conclusions revealed through this study can be presented as follows. As an e-sports lecturer, I discovered the following three possibilities of e-sports academization through my introduction of e-sports lectures. First, the necessity of university lectures related to e-sports was confirmed through the responses received before and after the lecture. Second, the possibility of e-sports academization was discovered through positive lecture evaluation and feedback. Third, the leisure characteristics of e-sports were confirmed. Fourth, additional lecture topics derived from e-sports were identified. As a lecturer, I discovered the limitations and difficulties of e-sports academization for the following reasons. First, the limitations of class design due to insufficient academic foundation. Second, negative social views on e-sports itself. The results of this study can help design lectures by providing my experiences to lecturers who want to give theoretical lectures through e-sports in the future.

Positive Psychological Impacts of Cooking During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: A Qualitative Study.

This study aims to explore the positive psychological effects of culinary experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown days. Qualitative research methods adopted to provide a deeper understanding. Data was collected through a structured online survey from 30 participants in Turkey. This occurred between April 10th and June 3rd, 2020 when the strict confinement measures were applied. Content analysis was deductively applied according to the Stebbins’s Theory of Casual vs. Serious Leisure which classifies the well-being according to characteristics of leisure experiences. The results revealed that at the first stage people went into the kitchen with the motivation of pure happiness and relaxation indicating hedonic well-being. However, people who intended to spend time with culinary activities with the expectations of pure happiness left the kitchen with eudaimonic outcomes by gaining special skills and knowledge, self-actualization and self-enrichment. When these outcomes are evaluated based on the Stebbins’s theoretical framework, culinary activities have both casual and serious leisure experience characteristics in terms of psychological well-being. It is understood that culinary activities have versatile leisure characteristics. Thanks to the culinary activities, people do not only obtain pure happiness and relaxation but can draw wider inferences about their life by realizing their own potential during the psychologically challenging COVID-19 lockdown days.

음악축제 봉사자에게서 나타나는 진지한 여가자의 특성

The purpose of this study was to reveal the serious leisure characteristics of volunteers at a music festival. The study employed the in-depth interview with five ‘2018 Pentaport rock festival’ volunteers individually. Through the analysis, the study confirmed that music festival volunteers showed all six serious leisure characteristics such as perseverance, career, effort, durable benefits, unique ethos, and identity. Next, the volunteers who participated not only experienced the music festival, but also had an opportunity of improving their leisure career from the music festival. In addition, the study suggests that listening to music can be a serious leisure activity for the volunteers, since they believe music is a part of their life, which always makes them live a happier life. The study also provides music festival developers and marketers with practical implications based on volunteers’ identity of the music festival.

Financial barriers for sports consumption: the dynamics of the income–expenditure relation

PurposeFirst, the income elasticities are calculated for different levels of income, for both the decision to spend money on sports and the amount of money that is spent. Second, the study researches whether different operationalisations of income (i.e. family versus personal) result in different elasticity values. Third, the effect of sports-specific and non-sports leisure variables on sports participation is investigated.Design/methodology/approachA representative dataset of 3,775 adults is used containing a wide variety of leisure characteristics, gathered by means of a face-to-face survey. By means of a Tobit regression model both the determining factors of sports expenditure and the income elasticities are analysed.FindingsFor lower income individuals, a rise in income has a relatively bigger influence on the probability to spend money on sports participation, than is the case for higher income individuals. A positive relationship is found with sex (male), education, number of minutes and disciplines of sports and membership of a socio-cultural organisation, while age, watching TV and attending cultural events have a negative effect.Social implicationsThe study provides evidence that income-based segmentation of sports participants could turn out to be an efficient policy tool. By lowering the monetary-burden for lower incomes, it can be expected that participation rates can be raised efficiently.Originality/valueFor the first time the relationship between income and expenditure is explored for different levels of income and for two operationalisations of income. Moreover, the inclusion of non-sports leisure variables allows investigating relationships between sports consumption and other leisure activities.

An Exploration of the Leisure Thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism in Zhang Wu Zhi (Treatise on Superfluous Things)

Current Western leisure theory is primarily based on Western research, although social scientific leisure research has been carried out for approximatelly 70 years. The goal of this essay is to introduce the leisure thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism as presented in the Chinese classic Zhang Wu Zhi. Hitherto, two Western historians who study Zhang Wu Zhi have opened a window for the study of Zhang Wu Zhi world wide, although they do not pay attention to leisure practice and thinking because of their academic backgroud. This research reflects the leisure thoughts of the rich Chinese traditional literati under the influence of Confucianism and Taoism. As presented in Zhang Wu Zhi and as a tradition, these religious traditions profoundly affect the leisure activities and characteristics of modern Chinese people currently and in the future. In this case, the Chinese text needs to be reintroduced to contribute to global leisure research.

Cultural Tourists’ Satisfaction from a Leisure Experience Perspective: An Empirical Study in China

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine cultural tourists’ leisure experience characteristics and their relationship with satisfaction. Using a sample of cultural tourists (n = 850) in the Huizhou Cultural and Ecological Protection Experimental Area (HCEPEA) collected via questionnaire surveys. Of the overall samples, 215 was used for scale development and the rest was used for structural model evaluation. The results showed that both the measurement and structural models exhibited acceptable model fit indices. Nine ‘leisure experience characteristics’ factor was identified (i.e., sense of accomplishment, self-actualization, effort/persistency, self-enrichment, self-esteem/self- expression, socialization/social interaction, fun/enjoyment/freedom, recreation/regeneration, and self-reinvention). Overall, cultural tourists in HCEPEA showed higher levels of casual leisure/serious leisure characteristics than serious leisure characteristics, and serious leisure characteristics displayed a stronger influence on tourist satisfaction than casual leisure/serious leisure characteristics. These findings suggest cultural tourism is a form of tourism dominated by casual, and the more serious of leisure experience leads to the higher tourist satisfaction for cultural tourists.

Explorations of Charm Factors and Development of Fishing in Southern Taiwan Based on Miryoku Engineering and the Analytic Network Process

Fishing is a popular leisure activity all over the world. However, due to the differences in local customs and cultures, fishing shows regional differences. This study aims to explore the charm of fishing in Southern Taiwan. In this study, the Miryoku engineering method was used to analyze and determine the charm characteristics of fishing in Southern Taiwan and draw the EGM evaluation structure chart. Thereafter, with the analytic network process method, the evaluation model was established in order to calculate the weight and ranking of each charm item. Then the weights of the 35 items in the summit, middle and bottom levels were obtained. The analysis results showed that fishing in Southern Taiwan was similar to that in other parts of the world, but the charm factors of fishing in Southern Taiwan had its relaxation and leisure characteristics. According to the analysis results of the charm factors of fishing, we discussed the future development direction of fishing industry based on the charm characteristics of fishing in Southern Taiwan.

자원봉사활동 참여 의사결정

The purpose of this study is to better recognize how Korean people make participation decisions for volunteer activities. This study also aims to provide improved knowledge on what and how factors associated with socio-demographic and leisure characteristics among Koreans affect their decisions for volunteer participation and time engaging activities. Using a secondary national survey data (N=10,030) released by the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism, we estimated several models (i.e., OLS, Tobit, and double-hurdle models) to identify the best fitting model. As a result, the double-hurdle model was chosen as our final model that shows respondents’ decision-making for volunteer participation. The model indicated that Korean people participated in different volunteer activities through using a two-step approach. The double-hurdle model also provided empirical evidence that younger Korean people were more willing to participate in volunteer activities while older people spend more time engaging in the activities. Furthermore, respondents who reported their leisure club membership and more vacation days were revealed to have higher possibility of participating in volunteer activities. Based on several research findings, we discussed multiple policies for enhancing levels of volunteer participation.

Women Epidemiology Lung Cancer (WELCA) study: reproductive, hormonal, occupational risk factors and biobank

BackgroundLung cancer aetiology and clinical aspects have been mainly studied in men, although specific risk factors probably exist in women. Here we present the rationale, design and organization of the WELCA study (Women Epidemiology Lung CAncer) that has been launched to investigate lung cancer in women, focusing particularly on hormonal and occupational factors.Methods/DesignWELCA is a population based case-control study and planned to recruit 1000 cases and 1000 controls in three years, based on study power calculation. Eligible cases are female patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer, living in Paris and the Ile de France area and aged up to 75 years. Almost all Parisian pneumology and oncology clinical departments are involved. The control group is a random sample of the population living in the same area, frequency-matched on age and additionally stratified on the distribution of socio-professional categories of women residing there. After acquisition of written consent, research nurses administer standardized computer assisted questionnaires to all the subjects in face-to-face interviews and acquire anthropometric measures. Besides usual socio-demographic characteristics, information is gathered about menstrual and reproductive factors, hormonal treatments, lifestyle and leisure characteristics, occupational history, personal and familial medical history. Biological samples are also collected, in order to establish a biobank for molecular epidemiology studies. Molecular characteristics of the tumours will be obtained and patients will be followed up for five years.DiscussionThe WELCA study aims to answer key questions in lung cancer aetiology and clinical characteristics specifically in women. The role of hormonal impregnation is investigated, and the interactions with cigarette smoking or body mass index (BMI) will be analyzed in detail. The occupational history of the subjects is carefully reconstructed, focusing in particular on the service sector. The creation of a biobank for collection of serum, plasma, DNA and tumour tissue will allow the genetic and biochemical characterization of both the subjets and the tumours. The follow-up of the patients will help in disentangling the role of hormonal factors and tumour molecular characteristics in survival.

Serious leisure characteristics of older adult volunteers: the case of an international sporting event

ABSTRACTThe current study commenced with a primary purpose of investigating the serious leisure characteristics of older adult volunteers in an international sporting event. The subjects were systematically divided into two distinct segments pertaining to the different levels of serious leisure characteristics via hierarchical and k-means clustering technique. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to discover the correlational relationship between each segment and serious leisure qualities in terms of volunteer experience and repeat volunteering intention. Research results revealed that durable benefit is significantly correlated with older adults with higher level of serious leisure characteristics. Older adults with lower level serious leisure characteristics are essentially casual leisure volunteers significantly correlated with perseverance, identity, and personal effort qualities.

Leeuwarden 2018: Complexity of Leisure‐Led Regional Development in A European Capital of Culture

AbstractLeeuwarden was chosen as European Capital of Culture (ECOC) for 2018. We address, through a complexity perspective, how leisure characteristics of the ECOC can affect regional development in Fryslân. Three aspects are identified that make leisure‐led regional development complex: (i) fragmentation of the leisure sector; (ii) balance between developing leisure and protecting existing social, cultural and ecological qualities; and (iii) difficulties obtaining crossovers between leisure and broader regional development. In an analysis of policy documents for the 2018 ECOC, we observe that although the interactions central to these complexities are recognised they are not captured in the monitoring of the ECOC effects through quantified targets such as attracting four million tourists. We argue that an approach that constantly acknowledges the interactions within leisure is required for a positive effect on regional development to emerge. This necessitates a process in which targets can be adapted according to changing circumstances.

Ballroom Dance: Linking Serious Leisure to Successful Aging.

This study explored ballroom dance as serious leisure and successful aging in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Qualitative procedures were used to explore stories of ballroom dance and successful aging. Participants described positive successful aging and active leisure engagement. Three themes emerged from thematic analyses: (a) Ballroom Dance as Serious Leisure: Its Dimensions; (b) Ballroom Dance: Its Link to Successful Aging; (c) The Affinity: We Love to Dance!. The participants' ballroom dance revealed serious leisure characteristics in conjunction with their successful aging. They loved to dance, self-identified as ballroom dancers, and orchestrated their dance activities within its social world. Future research should examine the relation of successful aging to the social world of ballroom dance.

Model Validation and Comparison of Serious Leisure and Leisure Constraints between Golfers and Windsurfers

This cross-activity study aimed to compare and confirm the models for measuring serious leisure and leisure constraints in windsurfers and golfers, and to explore the correlation between these two concepts under different socioeconomic status. Purposive sampling was obtained from 210 windsurfers and 143 golfers, who met the criteria for serious leisure. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results showed that all indicators in the measurement models for serious leisure and leisure constraint established in this study were statistically significant. The reliability and validity of constructs and indicators were confirmed. For both activities, serious leisure had a significant negative correlation with leisure constraints. This study concluded that of the six serious leisure indicators defined by Stebbins personal attributes (perseverance, career, personal effort and long-lasting benefits) had a stronger power than social attributes (subculture and identification) for both windsurfing and golf participants. Because of the different distribution of socioeconomic status between windsurfers and golfers, windsurfers considered equipment cost, personal skill and group companionship, which had similar leisure constraint effects on activity participation. Whereas, golfers considered personal skill as the major constraint factor in golf performance. In terms of serious leisure characteristics, windsurfers treated windsurfing as a personal lifetime pursuit (career), while golfers considered overcoming all obstacles in golfing (perseverance) was most important. Finally, specific recommendations regarding future studies on serious leisure and leisure constraint are necessary.

Holding back the beers: maintaining ‘youth’ identity within the British night-time leisure economy

An expanding body of work on Britain's night-time alcohol-based leisure economy has acknowledged the importance of collective forms of alcohol consumption in the establishment and reinforcement of key aspects of both subjective and group youth identities. This research project has addressed the ways in which drinking behaviours and leisure characteristics usually applied to 18–25 year olds are retained and continue to structure the identities of older consumers of the night-time leisure experience. Field data suggest that in the absence of traditional forms of community and social order, the night-time economy now functions as the field upon which many people attempt to develop a sense of communitas and belonging. However, there is also crucial critical evidence to suggest that these consumers are essentially encouraged to heed the siren call of contemporary ideology by consistently reaffirming their commitment to consumer markets that often fail to yield the pleasures and freedoms associated with them. Not taking part in the commodified pleasures of the drinking strip can have a quite profound impact upon the individual, and the perceived freedoms of alcohol-fuelled hedonism often continue to draw the adult consumer towards social behaviours that act against the construction of stable adult identities.

The Relationship Between Serious Leisure Characteristics and Subjective Well-Being of Older Adult Volunteers: The Moderating Effect of Spousal Support

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between serious leisure characteristics and subjective well-being as well as clarify the moderating effect of spousal support in their relationships. A total of 264 valid questionnaires were collected from a sample of older adult volunteers in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate a model linking serious leisure, spousal support to subjective wellbeing. As expected, the results show that older adult volunteers having greater serious leisure characteristics lead to a high level of subjective well-being. The findings further revealed that spousal support moderated the effect of serious leisure characteristics on subjective well-being. This indicates that the higher the level of spousal support, the larger is the likelihood that serious leisure will lead to greater subjective well-being. The results are suggested to be useful references for the older adult volunteers while improving spousal support, in order to increase the level of well-being.

The relationship between serious leisure characteristics and recreation involvement: a case study of Taiwan’s surfing activities

This study explores the relationship between serious leisure and recreation involvement by treating the former as a type of personal characteristic. Questionnaires were distributed to 434 Taiwanese surfers, and a structural equation model was used to examine the causal relationships among the variables. Research results show that a higher level of serious leisure characteristics leads to higher levels of recreation involvement for recreationists. Findings of the relationships between dimensions show that a higher level of perseverance leads to a higher level of attraction, self-expression and centrality-to-lifestyle; a higher level of career pursuits in their endeavours and a strong identity with their activities lead to a higher level of attraction and centrality-to-lifestyle; and a higher level of unique ethos leads to a higher level of attraction and self-expression. Managerial implications of this research, with respect to operators of water recreation activities, are subsequently discussed.