Legitimacy Debate Research Articles

A Comparison between the ‘Vice Presıdents’ in Turkish Type Presidential System and the US Presidential System: Addressing Controversial Issues Regarding the Turkish Vice Presidency

Abstract The role of the vice presidents, as successors in the case of a presidential vacancy, has become more important in the executive branch over the years and today, vice president position is seen as a possible path to rise through the political ranks and become the president. Vice presidency is unique to presidential systems. When the United States Constitution came into force in 1789, the United States became the first presidential republic, with George Washington as the first president and John Adams as the first vice president. Over time, other countries that accepted the presidential regime, also included this institution in their constitutions. Vice presidency has been introduced into the Turkish constitutional system by the 2017 constitutional amendments which transformed the Turkish Governmental System into “Turkish Type Presidential System”. The US Presidential System has been considered as a model to promote and encourage the transition to a presidential governmental system in Turkey. However; the vice presidency in this new system, which has led to heated debates, is designed quite different from the one in the US Presidential System. In this paper, the vice presidents of the Turkish Type Presidential System and the US Presidential System will be compared not only because the US Presidential System, known as the pure (typical, quintessential) form of the presidential system, has been seen as a model to support the transition of the new governmental system in Turkey, but also the US Vice Presidency is the most favorable basis for comparison, as it is the oldest example of this institution. After mentioning the process of inclusion of the vice presidency into the Turkish constitutional system, the democratic legitimacy debate and other controversial issues regarding the Turkish Vice Presidency will be enlightened from a comparative perspective. In conclusion, evaluations and suggestions will be provided in line with the criticism against the Turkish Vice Presidency.

Legitimacy of Taiwan’s trade negotiations with China

The article analyzes Taiwan’s legitimacy debate over trade negotiations with China. The theoretical concept of legitimacy is used to assess Taiwan’s cross-straits negotiation mechanism and trade agreements. This article argues that Taiwan’s current legal framework governing congressional supervision of cross-straits agreements falls short of procedural legitimacy and performance legitimacy. By explaining the constitutional design for Taiwan’s “white glove” mechanism, the article explores the initial procedural legitimacy deficit. As cross-straits negotiations involve increasingly substantive obligations, the legitimacy of bilateral agreements has changed fundamentally. The massive protest of the Sunflower Movement due to the Services Trade Agreement reinforced legitimacy concerns. Taiwan’s ambiguous congressional review procedures and negative public perception undermine the performance legitimacy of cross-straits agreements. Notwithstanding the conclusion of free trade agreements with Singapore and New Zealand, Taiwan’s domestic political impasse will jeopardize its efforts to integrate into regional free trade agreements. Hence, the legitimacy of Taiwan’s law and politics regarding cross-straits negotiations will have a profound impact on its cross-straits and foreign trade policies.

From Normative Debates to Comparative Methodology: The Three Waves of Post-Charter Supreme Court Scholarship in Canada

This article surveys the literature on the Supreme Court of Canada following the 1982 introduction of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and argues it has taken place in three distinct “waves.” The first involved tentative, prospective, and normative arguments about the impact of the Charter on national unity and Canada’s political institutions. The second was characterized by the legitimacy debate, the dialogue debate, and qualitative examination of how other political actors responded to Supreme Court decisions. By contrast, the third wave, initiated by American scholars drawing from American research, has been less normative, more comparative, and methodologically rigorous. While this comparative shift has been beneficial, the retreat from normative questions contributes to a misplaced sense that important debates are now settled. We urge scholars to engage in intellectual cross-fertilization by drawing from third-wave contributions to address normative questions about the Supreme Court’s increasingly important role in Canadian politics.

Reconstructing the WTO Legitimacy Debates Towards Notions of Development

This paper explicates competing conceptions of the WTO by examining the relationship between the perceived legitimacy crisis of the WTO and the emergence of development onto the global trade agenda. The general argument is that the WTO legitimacy debate in trade law literature can be understood as a proxy for a development debate. By reconstruing the legitimacy debate as a development debate, this paper shows how implicit within legitimacy arguments are competing conceptions of the WTO’s function and purpose and that these conceptions are embedded within a broader development framework. The unfortunate effect of the contestations and justifications of the WTO’s legitimacy has been the obscuring of normative assumptions underpinning conceptions of the WTO. One suspects that the more the discourse continues in this tug-of-war of legitimacy, the more entangled our understanding of the WTO will be. Gaining a better sense of what conceptions of the WTO are dominating legal thought allows for a more substantive and detailed debate as to what the function and purpose of the WTO should be.

The Debate on Regime Legitimacy in China: bridging the wide gulf between Western and Chinese scholarship

This article identifies continuities, new trends and shifts in emphasis in the Chinese elite debate about political legitimacy by analysing 125 Chinese articles concerning legitimacy published between 2008 and 2012. It reveals a remarkable cleavage between the international perceptions of the Chinese state and the pessimistic views among Chinese intellectuals about the party's ruling. It finds that Chinese scholars often look at Western theories when dealing with the legitimacy conundrum, and rarely look at Chinese philosophy. They focus on ideology much more than Western scholars, and they are more pessimistic about performance legitimacy than the latter. Moreover, this study finds that the legitimacy concerns and policy suggestions of scholars vary significantly depending upon their research locations, institutions and funding sources. This study also finds a distinct rising appeal of social autonomy that runs counter to the dominant official line. Nowadays, value changes, socioeconomic inequality and corruption are considered to be the most perceived threats to legitimacy; ideology, social justice and governance are the leading prescriptions for the party-state. This result is vastly different from the previous study, suggesting a fundamental shift in the legitimacy debate driven by the worsening socioeconomic problems in China.

The Ongoing Quest for the it Artifact: Looking Back, Moving Forward

More than 10 years ago, Orlikowski and Iacono (2001) examined the conceptualization of Information Technology (IT) in Information Systems Research (ISR) articles published in the 1990s. Their main conclusion was that the majority of these articles did not properly conceptualize the IT artifact. They recommended that IS researchers start to theorize about the IT artifact and employ rich conceptualizations of IT. The Orlikowski and Iacono paper provides a strong anchor point from which to analyze the evolution of the IS discipline. In order to obtain an up-to-date image of contemporary IS research, and to assess how the IS field has evolved since the 1990s, we carried out a similar analysis on a more recent and broader set of articles, that is, the full set (N = 644) of papers published between 2006 and 2009 by six top North American (ISR, MISQ, JAIS) and European (JIT, ISJ, EJIS) journals. The statistics in our results reveal no drastic advance in terms of deeper engagement with the IT artifact; more than 39% of the articles in our set are virtually mute about the artifact, and less than 16% employ an ensemble view of IT. Moreover, we note differences among the North American and European journals. Implications of the findings for two perspectives central to the IS research legitimacy debate are discussed.

Interregional relations and legitimacy in global governance: the EU in ASEM

This article explores the ramifications of the European Union’s (EU) internal legitimacy debate for its external relations. It applies the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) as a case study to examine the EU’s attempts to promote legitimacy in global governance, more specifically in interregional institutions. The article’s theoretical framework draws from the EU’s legitimacy debate. It identifies three key sources of legitimacy, namely, (i) input legitimacy or democratic control and accountability, (ii) output legitimacy or performance and achievement of core purposes, and (iii) the degree of common identity as externalised through collective representation and the articulation of shared norms and values. The empirical analysis thereafter leads to three observations. First, the EU’s presence has contributed to an increased democratic involvement by ASEM’s different stakeholders including parliaments and civil society. Second, purely from an institutional legitimacy perspective ASEM achieves its purpose as a forum to ‘constructively engage’ with Asian countries and address issues relating to global governance. Third, ASEM reveals the EU’s dual identity as an intergovernmental grouping and an organisation with a gradually increasing capacity of collective representation. However, the advancement of the EU’s normative objectives through ASEM has been problematic, leading to a more interest-based and pragmatic policy path. The article concludes that the EU’s legitimacy debate has had a bearing on relations with Asia and, in particular, with ASEM. Importantly, and given the EU’s setbacks, some elements of the ‘EU’s way’ have proven successful in promoting democratic notions of legitimacy beyond the state.

History repackaged in the age of print: the Sanguozhi and Sanguo yanyi

For over a millennium, the issue of the Shu-Han succession during the Three Kingdoms era (220–265 CE) has served as a proxy for debates about the relative merits of territorial control, blood relationship, and moral qualifications as grounds for imperial legitimacy in China. Debate reached a new height after the fall of north China during the twelfth century, a period when a revitalization of Confucian studies led to a greater interest in the publishing of private histories. This article deals with two little-known revisions of the official history of the Three Kingdoms period, the Sanguozhi, that sought to reflect the legitimacy debate at a time of alien conquest. It is argued that revisionist historians deviated from the norms of traditional historiography by devising new narrative strategies to further their political agenda. These innovations in turn influenced the formation of a new genre of historical fiction.

The Democratic Legitimacy of Business Interest Representation in the European Union: Normative Implications of the Logic of Access

This paper studies the capacity of business interests to contribute to the democratic legitimacy of EU governance through participation in the EU policy-making process. Whereas the unbalanced participation of business as opposed to non-business interests in EU policy-making has been problematized, no research has been conducted regarding the unequal participation of different organizational forms of business interest representation (companies, associations and consultants). Here, first it is argued on the basis of a theory of that this unequal participation has important repercussions because the different organizational forms do not have the same potential to contribute to the legitimacy of EU governance. The theoretical approach makes it possible to bridge the gap between the EU legitimacy debate and the literature on EU business interest representation by establishing a relationship between the new concept of access goods and the existing notions of input/output legitimacy. Second, an empirical investigation of business interest participation is undertaken in order to systematically assess the empirical relevance of the normative propositions and consequently to make inferences about the democratic legitimacy of business interest participation in the EU policy-making process.

Youth culture, bandiri, and the continuing legitimacy debate in Sokoto Town*

In spite of the Islamic world's adherence to the tenets of the Qur'an a localised religious culture operates to affirm, contest, or renegotiate the legitimacy of mainstream cultural order. In this paper, we describe the practice of bandiri, a musical performance genre and the attempt of its practitioners to situate bandiri at the centre of youth culture in Sokoto. We conclude that it is too early to judge the success of this experiment, but that the popular dynamic evident in this early stage leads us to speculate that we are witnessing the establishment of a new entertainment form. The form is framed within Islamic cultural legitimacy and competes with other forms of popular entertainment both externally‐derived and secularly local.

The Legitimacy Debate & Judicial ReviewThe Supreme Court and Constitutional Democracy. By John Agresto On What the Constitution Means. By Sotirios Barber Contemporary Constitutional Lawmaking. By Lief H. Carter The Constitution, the Courts and Human Rights. By Michael Perry

Previous article No AccessReview ArticlesThe Legitimacy Debate & Judicial Review The Supreme Court and Constitutional Democracy. By John Agresto On What the Constitution Means. By Sotirios Barber Contemporary Constitutional Lawmaking. By Lief H. Carter The Constitution, the Courts and Human Rights. By Michael Perry Mark Silverstein and William HaltomMark Silverstein Search for more articles by this author and William Haltom Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Polity Volume 19, Number 3Spring 1987 The Journal of the Northeastern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/3234801 Views: 6Total views on this site Copyright 1987 Northeastern Political Science AssociationPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.