Legislative Events Research Articles

Legislative aspects and doctrinal opinions regarding legislative events

Through this study, we want to bring back to attention the legislative events provided by law 24/2000, as a result of the appearance in their list of consolidation, which is regulated by law as not having legal effects. There is a similar legal institution in the Union legislation which has the value of republication in domestic law. 
 That's why we have briefly analysed the legislative events provided by the law and the effects they have produced, comparing them to the new technical procedure called consolidation.

Public Administration Developments in Ethiopia Under Three Different Regimes

The paper summarises and analyses the development of the public administration system in Ethiopia under three different regimes. The research mainly follows the traditional legal and administrative history approach methodology, focusing on the most significant historical, political, and legislative events (e.g. adoptions of constitutions) of the given eras, drawing attention to the main problems and reviewing them critically. Under Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974), Ethiopia was a centralised unitary state in the form of a feudal authoritarian monarchy. During the Derg regime (1974–1991), it remained a centralised unitary state, but with the concept of socialism, the military junta concentrated the power in their hands. The different government and administrative systems are characterized by weak and strong political, economic, and social achievements. Among these is a lack of good governance, human rights violations, weak institutional capacities, low citizen participation, and an (in)appropriate public administration system. These brought the nationality question to the forefront. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF, 1991–2019) established a decentralised federation, whereby parliamentary democracy guarantees a separation of powers with checks and balances and acknowledges the rights and self-determination of different ethnicities. In 2019 the EPRDF was dissolved and transformed into the Prosperity Party (PP). The reform forced the resignation of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the ruling party in the Tigray Region, and as a result, the EPRDF split into PP and TPLF. Meanwhile, public administration transformed from a monarchial administrative system into a weak public administration with poorly functioning state agencies; finally, the present system works under western influences. To mitigate these problems, institutional reforms, effective and efficient use of modern technologies, and inter-institutional cooperation play essential roles in improving the public administration system.

Market reactions to a cross-border carbon policy: Evidence from listed Chinese companies

The effects of cross-border carbon policy have attracted increasing attention worldwide. We investigate the reaction of the Chinese stock market to the announcements of 12 legislative events associated with the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (EU CBAM). Our results, based on all industrial companies listed on China's Shenzhen or Shanghai Stock Exchanges, show that Chinese companies that export their products to the EU experience a more negative cumulative abnormal return around EU CBAM events than their counterparts (non-export companies and non-EU export companies). A cross-sectional analysis reveals that negative stock market reactions to the legislative events are greater when companies have greater carbon emissions intensity. Our further analyses show that being listed in both A-share and H-share markets, participating in a carbon emissions trading scheme, and having intensive cross-border collaboration mitigate the adverse market reactions. Our results show that the Chinese market is sensitive to legislative announcements associated with this cross-border carbon policy.

Legislature Size and Interest Mobilization: The Effects of Institutional Change

Little is known about how legislature size affects the political mobilization of societal interests. I propose that legislative downsizing events increase the cost of campaigns, and thereby spur additional lobbying by organized interests that corral monetary resources efficiently. I examine how numbers of organizations with registered lobbyists changed in response to legislative downsizing events in three states. Using synthetic control analyses, I find that downsizing did not affect organization totals in Massachusetts or Rhode Island, but that Illinois’ Cutback Amendment precipitated a 25-percent increase in organized interests. Further tests disconfirm that monetary-based interests were most likely to mobilize anew after the Amendment’s implementation. In general, these mixed findings imply that changes in legislature size alone are insufficient for affecting interest mobilization but that other kinds of legislative reforms, such as the transition from cumulative to plurality voting that accompanied Illinois’ downsizing, may affect mobilization rates.

Characterizing Vaping Industry Political Influence and Mobilization on Facebook: Social Network Analysis.

BackgroundIn response to recent policy efforts to regulate tobacco and vaping products, the vaping industry has been aggressive in mobilizing opposition by using a network of manufacturers, trade associations, and tobacco user communities, and by appealing to the general public. One strategy the alternative tobacco industry uses to mobilize political action is coordinating on social media platforms, such as the social networking site Facebook. However, few studies have specifically assessed how platforms such as Facebook are used to influence public sentiment and attitudes towards tobacco control policy.ObjectiveThis study used social network analysis to examine how the alternative tobacco industry uses Facebook to mobilize online users to influence tobacco control policy outcomes with a focus on the state of California.MethodsData were collected from local and national alternative tobacco Facebook groups that had affiliations with activities in the state of California. Network ties were constructed based on users’ reactions to posts (eg, “like” and “love”) and comments to characterize political mobilization networks.ResultsFindings show that alternative tobacco industry employees were more likely to engage within these networks and that these employees were also more likely to be influential members (ie, be more active) in the network. Comparisons between subnetworks show that communication within the local alternative tobacco advocacy group network was less dense and more centralized in contrast to a national advocacy group that had overall higher levels of engagement among members. A timeline analysis found that a higher number of influential posts that disseminated widely across networks occurred during e-cigarette–related legislative events, suggesting strategic online engagement and increased mobilization of online activity for the purposes of influencing policy outcomes.ConclusionsResults from this study provide important insights into how tobacco industry–related advocacy groups leverage the Facebook platform to mobilize their online constituents in an effort to influence public perceptions and coordinate to defeat tobacco control efforts at the local, state, and federal level. Study results reveal one part of a vast network of socially enabled alternative tobacco industry actors and constituents that use Facebook as a mobilization point to support goals of the alternative tobacco industry.

The Impact of Legislative Changes on the Number of Calls to the Romanian Covid 19 Telverde Helpline

Abstract On 24th of February 2020, the Ministry of Health in Romania announced the operationalization of the Green Line, known as Telverde, within the National Institute of Public Health, in order to provide citizens with information related to the prevention of Sars-Cov-2 infection. The number of registered calls increased considerably at the time of the declaration of the pandemic, the beginning and the cessation of the state of emergency and during the issuance of military ordinances. Different key periods were studied and compared so that we could determine if the major administrative and legislative events have influenced the number of registered calls. Our findings sustained the supposition that the major events that took place during this period have indeed influenced the number of telephone calls made to TelVerde helpline.

Hard-Rock Mining for Precious Metals in the U.S. Southwest: Considerations for Developing Historic Contexts and Archaeological Research Designs

The variety of precious metals mined during the historical period in the U.S. Southwest provided the momentum for other pursuits reflected in regional history. An understanding of historical mining is fundamental to the interpretation of important persons and historical patterns including cultural, economic, technological, and legislative events. The development of adequate historic contexts and archaeological research designs for studying and evaluating historical-period mining sites is critical in archaeological investigations where such sites may be encountered and satisfies the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act with regard to National Register of Historic Places significance evaluations. Strategies for preparing these documents are outlined here, and a list of existing models is provided.

Looking Backward and Moving Forward

We are at a notable moment to contemplate federal sentencing. Fifteen years ago, the Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in United States v. Booker. Just over 25 years ago, Congress passed and the President signed the 1994 Crime Bill. By looking backward and learning from history, we may be able to move forward more productively. One remarkable aspect of Booker is that it still controls federal sentencing a decade and a half later. Congress has chosen to largely leave the system as the Court refashioned it. The world is different today than it was in 2005. Yet the Booker framework – established by two essentially dueling 5-4 majorities of the Supreme Court – endures. In some ways, the most remarkable aspect of Booker at 15 is how unremarkable it appears to contemporary eyes. It is the dog that doesn’t bark – at least not much. In order to truly benefit from the lessons of our criminal justice history, we must go beyond guidelines. Just over 25 years ago, Congress spoke forcefully in the 1994 Crime Bill. It was addressing the concerns of that era with tactics that garnered wide support at the time but are not always viewed favorably today. By stopping to explore the context and consequences of two of the most significant judicial and legislative criminal justice events of the last quarter-century, lessons may emerge. That is a good thing. If we are to make mistakes again (and we will), they should be new ones. Only by understanding the past can we effectively illuminate the path forward.

The importance of permits for effective population management.

The global management of animal populations to ensure sustainability depends on inter-regional transfers of animals in many cases. Regulatory and permitting requirements can be significant challenges to effective population management. This brief communication lays out practice advice for easing the regulatory burden and facilitating successful permitting. Advice is provided on meeting enhancement requirements at the institutional and TAG levels, and TAGs are encouraged to make longer term plans for imports of animals so that blanket permits can be obtained. Regular meetings with regulatory agencies and participation in AZA legislative affairs events are recommended to strengthen personal relationships and facilitate communication between zoos and regulatory bodies. Zoos and Aquariums should also provide professional development support for registrars to increase their capacity to navigate the permitting landscape.

Family Feuds: The Relationships between Legal Changes and Media Framing Concerning the Family

ABSTRACTHow do legal changes affect discourse concerning family forms? The concept of the family is conventionally assumed to be stable and unchanging; yet, the idea of family is continuously defined and redefined by the law. I analyze the nature of media framing before and after federal legislative changes, specifically the passage of the Defense of Marriage Act (1996) and Windsor v. United States (2013). I investigate 156 articles about same-sex marriage legislation published in The New York Times. Results show that legislative events and court decisions influence the framing of family and family forms. DOMA influenced the discourse surrounding family composition by strictly defining the family unit, centering it on a heteronormative framework of one man and one woman. Windsor affected the discourse concerning the role of children by shifting the focus away from LGBT parents as unfit or dangerous to children and toward a structural and societal assessment of discrimination. Both DOMA and Windsor affected public discourse about morality. These findings support the idea that legal changes affect conceptions of the family and reveal how these conceptions can change in the broader public imagination.

Family Feuds: The Relationships between Legal Changes and Media Framing Concerning the Family

ABSTRACTHow do legal changes affect discourse concerning family forms? The concept of the family is conventionally assumed to be stable and unchanging; yet, the idea of family is continuously defined and redefined by the law. I analyze the nature of media framing before and after federal legislative changes, specifically the passage of the Defense of Marriage Act (1996) and Windsor v. United States (2013). I investigate 156 articles about same-sex marriage legislation published in The New York Times. Results show that legislative events and court decisions influence the framing of family and family forms. DOMA influenced the discourse surrounding family composition by strictly defining the family unit, centering it on a heteronormative framework of one man and one woman. Windsor affected the discourse concerning the role of children by shifting the focus away from LGBT parents as unfit or dangerous to children and toward a structural and societal assessment of discrimination. Both DOMA and Windsor affected public discourse about morality. These findings support the idea that legal changes affect conceptions of the family and reveal how these conceptions can change in the broader public imagination.

The Value Effect of Financial Reform on U.K. Banks and Insurance Companies

In response to the financial crisis, a number of reforms to bank regulation have been introduced. Many of these reforms seek to improve the resilience of banks through making changes to their structure. In the U.K., the Banking Reform Act 2013 was enacted. This study attempts to examine the market’s reaction to this important financial reform, on the stock price of banks and insurance companies and contributes to the current regulatory debate. As reform proposals take time to get converted into Law, this paper focuses on three legislative events extracted from the Parliament website; the third reading at the House of Commons, the third reading at the House of Lords, and the Royal Assent, effectively the stages from which reform proposals convert to Law. This study employs an event study methodology, based on a sample consisting of 24 major banks and insurance companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) for which data are available from 30/11/2012 to 18/12/2013 covering all three events. The findings are that banks’ shares reacted positively, whereas insurance companies’ shares reacted negatively to the passage of the Banking Reform Act 2013 in the House of Commons (first event); insurance companies experienced negative returns, whereas banks’ returns did not react significantly in relation to the passage of the Act in the House of Lords (second event); and finally, banks’ shares reacted positively while insurance companies’ shares reacted negatively when the Act received the Royal Assent (third event). One of the main intentions of the Banking Reform Act 2013, was to contain the risk taken by banks. Market reaction on banks’ shares shows that the market accepted this; on the other hand, the negative effect on the shares of insurance companies would imply that insurance companies are perceived to have taken on some additional risk as a consequence of the Act.

Look who's talking: Two-mode networks as representations of a topic model of New Zealand parliamentary speeches.

Quantitative methods to describe the participation to debate of Members of Parliament and the parties they belong to are lacking. Here we propose a new approach that combines topic modeling with complex networks techniques, and use it to characterize the political discourse at the New Zealand Parliament. We implement a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to discover the thematic structure of the government’s digital database of parliamentary speeches, and construct from it two-mode networks linking Members of the Parliament to the topics they discuss. Our results show how topic popularity changes over time and allow us to relate the trends followed by political parties in their discourses with specific social, economic and legislative events. Moreover, the community analysis of the two-mode network projections reveals which parties dominate the political debate as well as how much they tend to specialize in a small or large number of topics. Our work demonstrates the benefits of performing quantitative analysis in a domain normally reserved for qualitative approaches, providing an efficient way to measure political activity.

The Historical Development of International Law of the Sea

Modern Law of the Sea the date of the date of the beginning of the modern international law. Graeasius, a Dutch lawyer who is considered as the law of international law, is considered as a law of the sea. In this issue published in 1609, his basic work, Free Sass, or Murray Liber tom, established some important concepts in this regard. He summarized the principle of freedom of the sea, which is free from the sea and all countries should be open to use. Not to be ambitious about the third United Nations Conference Sea law was one of the most important legislative events of the twentieth century, Centuries this international law initiates a revolution a new legislative strategy for making compromises and universal decisions Participation it creates a comprehensive deal on the sea law. As a result, it is claimed that the convention of the Sea Convention is to be provided universally, this thesis initially established a legal basis for the Los Convention The universal structure for the sea law. Discuss how it shows up the convention mainly affects traditional international law so that it is possible. The sea speaks of a universal law. However, the convention status as a public the law creates problems for its future development because it cannot be fully considered from the point of view of the treaty law. Therefore, the thesis will be considered. In addition to other legislation, the procedure for change in the Convention Out process with traditional contract framework. The central role of this analysis Institutions in the modern international law organization Thesis shows the acting part Through the law of the sea through developing political and technical institutions Explanation, correction, and correction, as well as in this way Organizations have used and improved universal decision-making strategies The first UNCLOS third is seen. It will analyze the role of court judges and tribunals maintaining and developing sea legal orders. This analysis shows that the convention provides legal framework. The modern laws of the sea for all states. In this context, there are institutional mechanisms the one-sided state practice in law enactment is replaced. Moreover, the state has been shown a choice for flexibility and pragmatism on the formal correction method. The Los Convention is creating a statutory legal order for maximum achievement, Ocean to maintain this stability, continuing discussion, discussion and compromise is important through international organizations.

Tribal Strategy in the Self-Determination Era

In 1970 Vine Deloria wrote an article postulating the strategy of tribes in the new era of self-determination. Deloria postulated that tribes were pressing for complete independence from federal domination while retaining the maximum federal protection of the land base and services. This statement formed the basis for this article. Forty Seven years after Vin Deloria postulated his strategy it seemed appropriate to test whether it was correct and whether it was still valid. In order to test it this paper selects three accomplishments that have been hailed by tribal leaders as being of major importance for Indian tribes. The areas selected are self-determination, violence against women and tribal energy resource agreements. I provide the background of each area which covers the time frame up to passage of the affected legislation. I then discuss the issues involved and in the case of VAWA I compare statistics from surveys with data from the FBI and U.S. Attorney’s office. I offer a conclusion to see how the issue compares with the Deloria strategy. I then look at the trust relationship in general to see if or how it has evolved over time particularly since the advent of the self-determination era. This discussion revolves around the disparate views that have evolved and continue to evolve regarding the meaning of the trust responsibility. The evidence shows that tribal advocates have doubled down on their understanding of the trust and that this may be one of the most contentious issues for tribes moving forward. Finally I review some recent political and legislative events in the context of the strategy and conclude overall that the strategy indeed remains but further study is needed to gauge the impact to the various tribes.

SCA and the Native American Community: 1997–2016

In previous volumes of this journal, the Society for California Archaeology (SCA) published a decadal history of the SCA’s first 50 years, followed by a similar look at the first 30 years of SCA’s relationship with Native Americans. The article below concludes the retrospective of the Society’s annals with a look at the last two decades (1997–2016) of its relationships with Native Americans. Emphasis is placed on policy decisions by the SCA Executive Board (EB), the EB response to various legislative events, and specific Society-wide decisions affecting relations with Native American groups, tribes, and individuals.

What Do the Markets Say? Shareholder Wealth Effects of the XBRL Mandate

ABSTRACTWe investigate the market reaction to legislative events pertaining to the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) mandate. The SEC contends that requiring issuers to adopt XBRL for filing their financial statements would reduce information processing costs and improve market efficiency. In contrast, skeptics argue that the mandatory adoption of XBRL would impose substantial costs while providing few, if any, benefits to investors. Using stock returns from countries that did not mandate the adoption of XBRL to model normal U.S. returns, we provide evidence of a positive market reaction to legislative events related to the XBRL mandate. Moreover, we find that the abnormal returns to these events are increasing for firms with less accessible information, higher information asymmetry, greater information processing costs, and lower financial reporting transparency. Overall, our results suggest an expected net benefit to shareholders from the XBRL mandate.JEL Classifications: M41; K22.

Shareholder wealth responses to European legislation on bank executive compensation

This paper uses an event study approach to investigate the shareholder wealth responses to European legislation on bank executive compensation. Using a sample of 124 banks over 2009–2010 and over 20 legislative and related events, we find that in early stages bank shareholders react positively to broad discussion at the EU level on executive pay. When plans to regulate the pay process are considered, however, this results in a negative stockholder reaction. We also find that large bank shareholders are most affected by remuneration policy.

Question of Ukrainian liberation movement in the middle of the xx century in the activities of political parties in Ukraine (2005 – 2014)

The article analyzes the specifics of the formation of Ukrainian national memory of the Ukrainian liberation movement during the World War II by the official political parties of Ukraine. The nature and characteristics of a legislative framework and public events are specified in the building official image of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army by political factions

Wealth and risk implications of the Dodd-Frank Act on the U.S. financial intermediaries

We contribute to the current regulatory debate by examining the wealth and risk effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on U.S. financial institutions. We measure the effects of key legislative events of the Act by means of a multivariate regression model using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) framework. Our results indicate a mixed reaction by financial institutions during the various stages of the Act’s legislative process. Further tests reveal that any positive reactions are driven by small and/or low risk institutions, while negative ones are consistent across subsets; except for investment banks. We also find market risk increases for most financial institutions that are dominated by small and/or low risk firms. The cross-section results reveal that large institutions fare better than their smaller counterparts and that large investment banks gain value at the expense of others. Overall, the Dodd-Frank Act may have redistributed value among financial institutions, while not necessarily reducing the industry’s riskiness.