Legal Regulation Of Artificial Intelligence Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence: the Application Cannot be Regulated

Artificial intelligence is currently widely used by participants in both the Russian market and the global economy. The potential for its further application is significant. At the same time, the widespread use of artificial intelligence in various sectors of the economy, especially in the financial sector, creates not only opportunities, but also carries certain risks, threats and challenges. It seems necessary, on the one hand, to create regulatory conditions for the development of AI technology, and on the other hand, to identify areas for improving the legal regulation of artificial intelligence, allowing for a reasonable balance of interests of consumers, business, and the state and eliminate existing legal uncertainty.

Обновление стратегического вектора развития искусственного интеллекта в России: правовые аспекты

The systematic development of artificial intelligence in Russia began in 2019 with the approval of the National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence for the period until 2030. For the first time, it reflects the state’s comprehensive approach to the named institute: key concepts are defined, goals, main tasks, and priority areas for the use of artificial intelligence technologies are established. Their legal regulation was based on the “soft law” model. The active introduction of artificial intelligence into the economy, as well as new scientific developments, have led to a change in its strategic vector as early as 2024. The article analyzes the updated National Strategy, focusing on the new section that consolidates the creation of a system of legal regulation of artificial intelligence. A critical assessment is substantiated regarding the lack of forward movement in regulation from “soft law” to mandatory legislative norms.

Application of Foreign Experience in the Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence the Republic of Uzbekistan

Application of Foreign Experience in the Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence the Republic of Uzbekistan

Prospects for the Convergence of the Legislation of the EAEU Countries Regarding the Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

This study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the convergence of the legislation of the EAEU countries regarding the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI).Aim. To identify the need and identify the prerequisites for supranational legal regulation of AI in the EAEU. Tasks. To list the features of AI that necessitate supranational legal regulation in the context of analyzing the consequences for the purposes of the EAEU. To make a classification and analyze the prerequisites for the formation of the will of the EAEU member states to bring together the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI.Methods. The problem-theoretical, formal-legal, logical, system-structural method and the method of comparison are used.Results. The study showed that such features of AI technologies as the ability to cause cross-border harm and the ability to autonomous processes require: a) the establishment of legal limits for delegating human authority to a machine that are uniform for the EAEU states, which is achieved by establishing administrative responsibilities for participants in the life cycle of AI systems and applications; b) developing a unified approach to eliminating the “responsibility gap” for the harm caused by AI and its legal consolidation in the law of the EAEU, which is achieved through supranational regulation of AI on these issues. The lack of “uniform norms” regarding the distribution of responsibility for harm produces legal conflicts that contribute to the creation of obstacles to the functioning of internal markets and asymmetries in the development of AI within the EAEU. The results of the analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of the will of the EAEU member states to bring together the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI allow us to state the absence of prerequisites for a unified policy of the EAEU countries in the creation and use of AI, and consequently, the prospects for the convergence of legislation in the field of public relations through the formation of supranational legal regulation. However, the EAEU law does not contain obstacles to the implementation of a unified AI policy in the future.Conclusions. The specifics of AI technologies require supranational legal regulation of AI, at least in matters of allocation of responsibility for harm caused by AI in order to avoid legal conflicts that contribute to the creation of obstacles to the functioning of internal markets and asymmetries in the development of AI within the EAEU. Despite the current lack of prerequisites, the EAEU law does not contain obstacles to the convergence of the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI in the event of such a decision.

ПРАВОВАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРА ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА И ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ

The study of the legal architecture of the relationship between artificial intelligence and patient protection in medical diagnostics includes a brief overview of the current state of application of artificial intelligence in diagnostic medicine and an analysis of its potential benefits and risks. This article reviews the current regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics, including laws, guidelines and best practices, as well as the role of health care regulators and personal data protection. Special attention is paid to the ethical aspects of using artificial intelligence in diagnostics, such as: ensuring patient privacy, protecting medical data, preventing algorithmic bias, and ensuring transparency in the diagnostic decision-making process. Specific examples of implementation of artificial intelligence in diagnostic practice are presented, illustrating both opportunities and challenges associated with this technology, including analysis of successful and unsuccessful cases of implementation. The study describes promising developments in the field of AI diagnostics, including new technologies and trends, and forecasts the evolution of the legal framework in response to these innovations. Finally, it summarizes the results of the study and presents recommendations for improving the legal regulation of artificial intelligence in medical diagnostics, taking into account the need to protect the rights and interests of patients.

The white paper on artificial intelligence as a source for the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence

The article analyzes the provisions of the White Paper on artificial intelligence as a source of the formation of European Union legislation in the field of artificial intelligence. It is noted that the study of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union will contribute to the formation of the domestic source base in the field of application of artificial intelligence. It has been analyzed that in scientific circles, the provisions of the White Book on artificial intelligence are highlighted by domestic scientists in a fragmentary manner, which makes it difficult to comprehensively perceive the content and meaning of the White Book as a whole. The article states that the legislation of Ukraine needs improvement, which consists in compliance with European standards in the field of artificial intelligence. It has been established that it is advisable to enshrine provisions on the use of artificial intelligence at the legislative level. The article examines the provisions of the European Data Strategy, which recognizes artificial intelligence as an important component of the data economy. It has been studied that the provisions of the European Data Strategy provide for a combination of technology, industry, digital infrastructure and regulatory framework. It was noted that the provisions of the Strategy regarding artificial intelligence were further developed in the White Book. The article specifies the concept of artificial intelligence in accordance with the provisions of the White Book. It is noted that the Provisions of the White Book are aimed at ensuring consultation of interested parties, collection of feedback as a basis for future decision-making processes. It has been proven that the White Paper can be considered a political document containing the goals and possible actions of the European Commission regarding the regulation of artificial intelligence and contains a list of political proposals, intentions and recommendations. It is noted that the White Book is a framework for future legislative proposals on the formation of a legal framework related to artificial intelligence in the European Union. The article defines the structure of the main provisions of the White Book and establishes the fundamental principles that determine the development and implementation of artificial intelligence. Attention is focused on chapter 5 of the White Paper, which is devoted to the «Ecosystem of Trust: Regulatory Framework for Artificial Intelligence», which is devoted to the key elements of the regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in Europe.

RETURNING TO THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION OF THE CANDIDATE OF LEGAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR ZH. TLEMBAYEVA «SOME APPROACHES TO THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE»

This article analyzes the article by Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor Zh. Tlembayeva «Some approaches to the legal regulation of artificial intelligence», which was published in the scientific and legal journal «Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan» No. 2 (65)-2021. In modern society, issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence are becoming an integral part of the discussion on technology development. This topic represents a current and complex challenge that requires an in-depth analysis of various approaches to the formation of legal norms and standards in the field of artificial intelligence. The article analyzes the definition of the concept of «artificial intelligence», the definition of the concept of «artificial robot» established in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Informatization». The author concluded that when developing a definition of this concept, one should take into account the types of artificial intelligence systems, the peculiarities of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in each specific area, as well as the different levels of application of technologies and the characteristics of the legal system of the state. The article discusses examples from different countries and organizations, international acts on issues related to the regulation of artificial intelligence. The author of the article notes that currently the use of artificial intelligence is practically not provided with a proper international basis. Zh. Tlembayeva points out the importance of a gradual and adaptive approach to the legal regulation of artificial intelligence, ensuring a balance between stimulating innovation and protecting the interests of society, as well as the flexibility of laws to adapt to the rapid development of technologies in this area. The article provides valuable research for legal, technology, and public policy professionals concerned with the implementation of artificial intelligence.

Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Experience of China

Objective: to trace the development trajectory of legal regulation in the field of artificial intelligence in the People’s Republic of China by revealing the advantages and disadvantages of China’s approach to artificial intelligence regulation and to outline the prospects of national regulation for the nearest future, taking into account the world experience.Methods: general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, classification, systemic and functional approaches. Also, the formal-legal, comparativelegal, and historical-legal methods were used.Results: the research demonstrates the validity of Chinese claims for world leadership in the creation of legal regulation of artificial intelligence, as it is in China that the first normative legal acts were adopted. These acts have already entered into force; however, each of them deals with a narrow range of issues, while there is no law to establish general rules for the artificial intelligence industry. Among the characteristic features of the Chinese approach we can name, first of all, its iterative nature, which allows adjusting the regulation with each new step. Another feature is the sectoral nature of the regulation.Scientific novelty: in the course of the research, the development stages of artificial intelligence legal regulation in China were identified and described; the advantages and disadvantages of the Chinese approach to regulation were identified and argued; this approach was compared with the approaches of China’s main rivals competing with it in terms of the technology development and its legal regulation. All of the above allowed making conclusions about the subsequent development of legal regulation in China and in the whole world.Practical significance: familiarization with the research materials enables interested legal scholars, and not only them, to get a clear idea of the level of artificial intelligence regulation, achieved by China. China’s experience is of significant interest to the rest of the world, showing the correctness or faults of possible regulatory options in the new and complex field. The study results can be used in the practice of legal regulation in the sphere of artificial intelligence, as well as in preparing lectures in the relevant courses and writing tutorials for law students.

Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union and Ukraine: main approaches and human rights

The article provides an analytical review of a number of international and national documents relating to various aspects of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence. Attention is focused on the problems of regulatory and practical approaches to ensuring and observing human rights at all stages of the life cycle of artificial intelligence.

Existential definition of the paradigm of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence

The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies in the world and in Ukraine. An overview of the main international and national initiatives aimed at solving the problem of forming sustainable governance and regulating the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies is carried out, as well as the results of the discussion of the possibilities of artificial intelligence and the risks associated with its use for peace and security, economy and society, and human rights are highlighted. The results of the analysis of the current state of affairs in the field of artificial intelligence are obtained. There is uncertainty, divergence of views of political, intellectual and business elites both at the national and global levels regarding the conceptual content of further ways to determine the legal regulation of artificial intelligence. The world is faced with the phenomenon of the singularity, which requires the definition of a new paradigm and conceptual framework for the transformation of legal systems, first of all, the regulatory framework for the effective development and application of artificial intelligence technologies.

The Legal Basis for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making by Public Authorities

This article centers on the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) use in public administration. The main features of AI, the risks associated with its use in the public sector, and its key functions were outlined. The program and strategic plans for AI introduction in Russia were systematized. The prospects for creating a digital state were highlighted. Through careful analysis, the most viable areas of public administration were identified where AI can realize its full technical potential without entirely taking over the tasks of human officials (such as digital controllers, judges, and investigators). A clear distinction was revealed between “weak” AI, a technical assistant and decision-making tool for human officials, and “strong” AI, a fully-fledged subject of legal public relations with legal capacity. The connection between the development of new technologies and the evolution of the state apparatus was stressed. It was concluded that the integration of multiple algorithms in management activities is causing a shift from quantitative to qualitative changes: the ways state bodies exercise their public powers are being altered and revised.

Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine and in the world

Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine and in the world

Perspectives on international legal regulation of Artificial Intelligence

Perspectives on international legal regulation of Artificial Intelligence

Retracted: The Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing Automation Decision-Making Risk in Wireless Network Communication

Retracted: The Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing Automation Decision-Making Risk in Wireless Network Communication

Problems of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in administrative judicial procedure

The use of digital technologies in administrative courts uses the legal systems of the European Union and the world to strengthen the ways of protecting human rights. This paper examines certain problems of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in administrative judicial procеdure. The methodology of this work is based on an interdisciplinary approach using comparative legal, dialectical and systemic methods. The main objective of this article is to determine the forms and directions, risks and benefits, prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in administrative judicial procеdure, taking into account foreign experience in legal regulation in this area. The concept of "artificial intelligence" is investigated. It is emphasized that the use of artificial intelligence technologies in administrative judicial procеdure is an acceptable use only of specialized intelligent systems that can work under human control. It is stated that when considering administrative cases in an administrative court of minor complexity, it is possible to use artificial intelligence technologies, which will be able to independently generalize and analyze legislation, judicial practice and be a recommendation for a judge when making a fair and lawful decision on the principles of the rule of law. It has been established that the use of artificial intelligence technologies in administrative proceedings provides opportunities for the effective implementation of the right to judicial protection, but can be used to take actions that are contrary to the rule of law, in particular regarding the violation of the right to a fair trial in administrative cases in administrative courts. The latter requires the improvement of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in administrative judicial procеdure using international principles and standards.

License Agreements used in Distribution of Machine Learning Software Packages

Recently, consideration of the issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence has become increasingly relevant. Most legal works are devoted to the study of responsibility of a legal personality that arises or does not arise from activities involving the use of artificial intelligence. However, for developers of the relevant software, the issue of intellectual property protection, namely, exclusive rights to computer programs, is more interesting. In particular, the types of licenses under which open source software products (such as MIT, GPL, BSD, Apach), their main characteristics, disadvantages and advantages are of interest. Of particular interest is the legal regulation of such license agreements in the context of cross-border turnover of software packages, as well as the existence of the open source concept. In addition, in order to dive deeper into the subject area of the study, the paper discusses basic concepts from the theory of machine learning.

Dilemmas and Breakthroughs in the Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Based on Deep Learning Models

Abstract In this paper, we use big data analysis techniques combined with the TF-IDF algorithm to weigh the frequently occurring word frequency vectors in text and reduce the document length to obtain keywords without destroying the original text feature information. The similarity of text features is combined with a Bayesian algorithm for label classification to facilitate data query and indexing. The results show that the running time of the system is kept around 14s, the recall and accuracy can be close to about 75% and 72% on average, and the number of keywords can reach 5971 with an F1 value of 0.9, which proves the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence legal regulation system based on big data analysis.

On the Concept of Artificial Intelligence and the Basics of its Regulation in International and Russian Law

The article covers the study of the issues of the concept of artificial intelligence and certain problematic aspects of the legal regulation of its use. The authors analyze the concept of artificial intelligence in domestic and foreign legislation, foreign and national doctrine. Currently the absence of a single concept of artificial intelligence is caused by both the initial stage of development of the legal regulation of the phenomenon under study, and the lack of its uniform understanding in academic community. The development of a single definition of the concept under study is possible with gaining experience and the regulatory framework in this area. Taking into account the availability and prospects for the creation of various types of intelligent systems, it is proposed to take a differentiated approach to their legal regulation, establishing the appropriate legal regimes. The authors analyze domestic and foreign legislation governing the legal regulation of artificial intelligence and the principles of its use. Among the problematic aspects are the issues of determining artificial intelligence as a legal subject, the peculiarities of liability in case of violation of the rights of parties to civil transactions by activities related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The question of whether artificial intelligence is a legal subject is debatable. Currently, in most legal orders, artificial intelligence systems are not recognized as having consciousness (capable of creating and reproducing subjective decisions). However, the practice of applying the norms of intellectual law has led to the recognition in certain jurisdictions of authorship of the artificial intelligence system. The authors conclude that, when determining the limitations of liability in relations linked to the use of artificial intelligence systems, it is necessary to use both existing legal structures, such as mixed liability in case of joint infliction of harm; liability for harm caused by activities that create an increased danger to others; the responsibility of the manufacturer for the quality of goods (services) to the consumer, and the direct fixing in the current civil legislation of special rules that determine the specifics of liability when using artificial intelligence.

FEATURES OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL PRACTICE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN KAZAKHSTAN

The article examines the current legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The features and risks of using artificial intelligence in the judicial process and legal practice, as well as its impact on the legal profession and on the fate of citizens in general, are considered. The significance, features and prospects of using artificial intelligence in legal practice in the context of the development of the digital economy of Kazakhstan are also investigated, the work of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of development and application of artificial intelligence technologies is analyzed. In the research work, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and inefficiency of the influence of artificial intelligence on the sphere of legal relations was carried out. For example, while some researchers prove that artificial intelligence facilitates typical work in the field of law and legal practice, that it has a positive impact on saving time, automating legal services, some prove that artificial intelligence does not make the right decisions, commits negative actions and harms society. The advantages and disadvantages of the influence of artificial intelligence on the legal profession are also discussed, especially the risks of job loss of employees in this industry. The research paper presents quantitative indicators from the report of foreign studies and Kazakh studies of artificial intelligence in legal practice. Currently, the growth of online services, the introduction of new technologies, the automation of processes such as justice, may indicate the rapid development of artificial intelligence in this area.

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ESPORTS: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS

The article analyzes the use of artificial intelligence in esports. It is noted that the fact that AI technology has been developing rapidly in recent years makes its impact on the gaming industry particularly significant. On the one hand, games created with advanced artificial intelligence allow players to improve the gaming experience by creating a more interesting game (creating a more realistic virtual environment). On the other hand, AI-enabled games provide better game mechanics and help players train and improve their skills. These circumstances necessitate the study of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence in esports. The study pays special attention to the role of AI-based bots that can simulate real-life scenarios and provide players with the opportunity to train and improve their skills, and to the analysis of opportunities to provide players with realtime feedback on their performance. At the same time, the author analyzes the complexities of legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in various spheres of life, including esports. The author analyzes the provisions of the European Union acts on this issue. It is concluded that, in general, artificial intelligence plays an important role in the esports industry. Thus, optimization of video games through the use of artificial intelligence, training, and analytics help players become more competitive and create the tools necessary for teams to succeed. However, there are problematic issues regarding legal regulation and abuse of athletes. It is concluded that as the esports industry continues to evolve, artificial intelligence remains an important component of the gaming experience and there is a need to adapt legislation to meet new challenges.