Legal Regulation Of Activities Research Articles

ON THE ISSUE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF REALTOR ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The Department of Analysis of the effectiveness of legislation of the RSE with the REM “Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan” regularly considers issues related to the development of specific proposals in order to improve legislation, which should contribute to the implementation of the legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole. Currently, the Republic of Kazakhstan is working on the implementation of the addresses of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Elbasy N.A. Nazarbayev “Strategy 2050: new political course of an established state” [1] and “The third modernization of Kazakhstan: global competitiveness”, as well as addresses of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K-Zh. K. Tokayev “Kazakhstan in a new reality: time for action” dated September 1, 2020 [2]. As part of this work, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carrying out large-scale work on the development of legislation in various areas of legal regulation. In order to provide legal support for the work of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as ensure the practical implementation of the instructions of the Head of State, it is necessary to work out the issue of scientific support for legislative activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Moreover, the Head of State embedded his intention to involve science in legislation, instructing in his next Address to the people of Kazakhstan “Unity of the people and systemic reforms are a solid foundation for the nation's prosperity” [3] to introduce direct financing of research institutes engaged in fundamental science. This article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of realtor activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the question of the feasibility of introducing independent legal regulation. In particular, we examined the issues of the current legal regulation of real estate activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A brief comparative analysis of existing problems in the legal regulation of this activity in relation to regulatory legal acts of higher legal force has been carried out. Conclusions are drawn on the issue of compliance of the introduction of separate legal regulation for realtors with the strategic goals of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The opinions of individual Kazakhstani experts on this issue were used.

Types of Corruption Crimes in Sports in the Countries of the European Union

Corruption crimes in sports have long gone beyond a national scale, having become a global problem. The aim of this research was to study the most common types of corruption crimes in the EU and to provide recommendations on the legislative regulation of combating sports corruption in in the EU. The following methods were used in this study: the method of comparison and contrasting; the method of descriptive analysis; the anamnestic method; the forecasting method. The study established that the main forms of corruption crimes in sports are bribery or fraud. The most common types of them are match-fixing (33 cases), doping (24 cases), fraud (6 cases), legalisation (laundering) of criminal proceeds (4 cases). Corruption has the following influence on sports: discrediting of athletes; threat to the athlete’s health; decreased popularity and spread of sports; decreased confidence of fans; a threat to the entire sports sector. Conclusions. It is advisable to adopt the EU Convention on combating corruption and bribery in sports, which will enshrine a list of the main types of corruption crimes in sports, the main threats from corruption crimes for sports, directions of state policy in the field under research, types of responsibility for these actions; the obligations of the EU member state to this regulatory legal act must bring the national legislation into compliance with it. This study is not comprehensive, and the proposal for the development of the Convention on combating sports corruption and bribery opens up prospects for further research in the field of regulation and management in sports. Keywords: Corruption crimes, Sports sector, Match fixing, Doping, Bribery, Bribery in sports.

Certain Issues of the Legal Nature of Decisions of the Council of Advocates of Ukraine and their Entry into Force

The article examines certain issues of the legal nature of acts of the bar self-government bodies, namely, whether the decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine has the features of a normative act (1), whether the publication of the decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine on the official website of the Ukrainian National Bar Association constitutes bringing it to the attention of the public in accordance with the procedure established by law (2), and whether the decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine on the organizational support of the Unified Register of Advocates of Ukraine determines the constitutional rights and obligations of citizens.
 The author analyzes the concepts of "normative act”, "regulatory legal act” and "individual legal act". The author concludes that the Bar Council of Ukraine may adopt both normative (regulatory legal acts) and individual legal acts. The legal nature of a particular act of the Bar Council of Ukraine is determined by its content. The author establishes that the decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine on the organizational support of the Unified Register of Advocates of Ukraine has the features of a normative act.
 The article examines the procedure for promulgation of regulatory legal acts in Ukraine. The Constitution of Ukraine defines the obligation to publish only legal acts that define the rights and obligations of citizens. This is required to ensure that citizens are aware of their rights and obligations. It is determined that Ukrainian legislation determines the procedure for bringing to the attention of the public only certain legal acts. It is concluded that publication of a decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine on the official website of the Ukrainian National Bar Association is its communication to the public in accordance with the procedure established by law.
 The author also makes a comparative analysis of the rights and obligations of Ukrainian citizens as defined by the Constitution of Ukraine and the rights and obligations of citizens as defined by the decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine on the Register of Advocates. The author concludes that the decision of the Bar Council of Ukraine on the Unified Register of Advocates does not define the constitutional rights and obligations of citizens.

SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF PARTICIPANTS IN LEGAL RELATIONS ARISING WHEN USING INNOVATIVE (UNMANNED) VEHICLES IN BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

The subject of research is the composition of the participants in the legal relationship on the use of an unmanned vehicle. The article breaks off with a general overview of attempts to settle these legal relations, which are fundamentally new both for the Russian legal system and the economy as a whole. At the same time, central attention is paid to their subject composition. The study states that the legal regulation of relations on the use of unmanned vehicles is haphazard. A single regulatory legal act has not yet been adopted, and by-laws have an extremely heterogeneous subject of legal regulation, including civil, administrative and other aspects. This leads to significant problems of legal technique, the result of which in the future will be difficulties in law enforcement practice. An analysis of the civil component of the use of unmanned vehicles shows that the potential of the current civil legislation to regulate relevant relations is far from exhausted. The range of subjects for the use of an unmanned vehicle coincides with the subjects of classical relations for the transportation or rental of vehicles. In this regard, changes to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, its additions by new subjects of legal relations or new contractual structures are undesirable at the current stage.

Peculiarities of conducting economic activity under martial law: Business and human rights

The relevance of the topic of scientific research lies in creating conditions for the necessary level of legal regulation of economic activity, which is the basis for forming national defence interests. The purpose of the research in this article is to establish the features of conducting economic activities during the special regime, namely the regime of martial law, analyse the newly created regulatory legal documents in this area, and provide proposals for improving legislation in the named field. The article utilises a system of methods including systemic analysis, deduction method, inductive method, abstraction method, and formal-logical method. During the writing of the article, an analysis of the valid Ukrainian legislation regarding the peculiarities of conducting economic activities during the martial law regime was conducted. It was established in the article that during the conduct of economic activities under special regimes, it is necessary to consider the features defined in special legislation. Therefore, the articles of the Economic Code of Ukraine and Law of Ukraine No. 389-VIII were analysed. Changes introduced by the Law of Ukraine No. 3219-IX regarding taxation regimes and reporting by economic entities after the introduction of martial law were identified and analysed. An analysis was conducted regarding the fact that Ukrainian legislation contains certain contradictory norms regarding the regulation of economic activity during martial law. These contradictions are the main factor in revealing the weakness of the state in the face of actual challenges. Among the measures aimed at protecting workers’ rights, termination of employment contracts and ensuring the civil defence of workers during the working day were identified. Ways for necessary reform of the regulatory legal framework for conducting economic activities during martial law were proposed. To ensure the rights of workers in conditions of air raid alert, it is important to develop a new regulatory legal act. It should clearly establish the right of workers not to go to their workplace during such a situation, as well as determine the employer’s responsibility for forced labour during this period. The research has practical value since this topic began to be explored only with the start of a full-scale war in Ukraine. The results of the research can be used during the study of the discipline “Commercial Law” and during the conduct of comprehensive research on the peculiarities of state regulation of economic activity after the end of martial law

To the definition of the concept of «public formation»

The article is devoted to the legal nature of public formation and the problem of determining the appropriate definition. The essence of public formation as an independent institution of public society is analyzed. A comparison and comparison of the concepts «participant in civil relations» and «public formation» was carried out. The definition of public formation and types of public formations given in the sectoral regulatory legal act: the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Formations» – political parties, public associations, professional unions and their associations – is characterized, creative unions, permanent arbitration courts, employers’ organizations and their associations, separate divisions of foreign non-governmental organizations, representative offices, branches of foreign charitable organizations. A conclusion was drawn on the division of public formations into those that have the status of a legal entity, and public formations that do not have the status of a legal entity. It is noted that there are such terms synonymous by their legal nature in the field of accounting of public entities as «state registration», «legalization» and «accreditation». The information on the types of public formations that must be entered into the Unified register of public formations – an electronic database containing information on the relevant legalization (registration) – has been analyzed. Attention is focused on the fact that we are talking about political parties; NGOs; trade unions, trade union organizations; employers’ organizations, associations of employers’ organizations; all-Ukrainian, local associations of credit unions; charitable organizations: all-Ukrainian, international, local charitable organizations, branches, branches, representative offices of all-Ukrainian, international charitable organizations; creative unions; Chambers of Commerce and Industry: Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regional Chambers of Commerce and Industry; permanent arbitration courts; associations of local self-government bodies. Since the current national legislation does not contain a definition of public formation, based on the results of the research, such a definition of public formation is proposed as an organization that is created and functions in order to satisfy various public rights and interests.

THE CABINET OF MINISTERS AS A SUBJECT OF THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN LEGISLATION

This article talks about the powers of the Cabinet of Ministers in the field of lawmaking and its role in legislation, analyzes the definitions of legislative activity, explains the powers of the Cabinet of Ministers, its connection with other legislative processes. Manufacturing of objects and its features. It is substantiated that the law-making activity of the central collegial executive body occupies a special place in the national legal system, based on the position and legal status of this entity in the system of state bodies. In addition, the author’s definitions of such concepts as legislative activity and legislative activity of the Cabinet of Ministers are given, various aspects of resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan are shown. It is concluded that although the resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers are not aimed at establishing, amending or repealing a new legal norm, they determine the official regulation of one or another type of social relations by the state. In addition to the above, based on an analysis of the norms of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Regulatory Legal Acts”, “On the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan”, proposals have been put forward to introduce relevant norms into Articles 36 and 37 of the Law “On the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan” and into the “Regulations of the Cabinet Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan".

SOME PROBLEMS OF ADOPTION AND CANCELLATION OF RESOLUTIONS OF THE CHIEF STATE SANITARY DOCTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN ISSUED IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

During the state of emergency imposed in connection with the mass morbidity of the population with coronavirus infection COVID-19, on the basis of resolutions issued by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a number of civil rights of individuals and legal entities were restricted on the territory of Kazakhstan. The article investigated the legal nature of the regulations that initiated this restriction, based on the experience before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. When the author established the limits of competence of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, his competence was determined before the introduction of the state of emergency. In particular, the absence of coronavirus infection in the list of infectious diseases for which restrictive measures are introduced, including quarantine, was revealed, but the legality of the decisions adopted by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor corresponds to his competence. In addition, the article analyzes the legal nature of the resolutions adopted by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on the duration of their validity and the adoption process. Due to the tendency to frequent cancellation of resolutions adopted as a subordinate regulatory legal act, its compliance with the requirements of legal technology has been established. In the process of the research, the question of coherency in relation to the mandatory state registration in the judicial authorities of the resolutions adopted by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan in connection with curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and before coronavirus infection was raised. The absence among the list of legal regulations requiring mandatory state registration in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Legal Acts" of resolutions adopted by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which entailed the restriction of civil rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities, required the determination of the legal status of a sanitary doctor.

Административное законодательство в свете современного реформирования

The article focuses on administrative legislation as an important part of the legal system and its reform. It is noted that in the modern world, ensuring the protection of information about citizens when using electronic services and systems is the most important aspect of the reform. The author draws attention to the incompleteness of some of the reforms carried out in Russia, in particular, lawmaking in the field of administrative and administrative procedural legislation, raises the question of the need to finalize the draft Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses as an important tool of state control over compliance with laws and order in Russia. The amendments are proposed, which should be taken into account by the legislator in order to improve the effectiveness of the new regulatory legal act, its adaptation to changing conditions of public life. The factors complicating the implementation of administrative reform are highlighted. The importance of a broad public discussion and the need to consolidate the efforts of various representatives of the scientific community to find optimal ways of reform are emphasized.

External labor migration in modern Russia: socio-legal and criminological contexts

In modern Russia, criminological and sociological problems of external labor migration are relevant and topical, and primarily associated with large-scale uncontrolled and illegal migration, as well as with the ongoing criminalization of the sphere of migration relations. The problems accumulated in the migration area pose a significant threat to the national security of our country. The author has made an attempt to identify social hotbeds and determinants of the criminalization of migration processes and to formulate special measures and means aimed at decriminalizing the sphere of migration relations and reducing the level of illegal migration in Russia. The aim was to consider the current processes in the field of external labor migration in the Russian Federation and specific tasks to identify the main problems in this area in the socio-legal and criminological context and to propose effective ways to solve them, which are characterized by novelty and originality both in practical and theoretical terms. The research was carried out on the basis of empirical methods of cognition (conversations, in-depth interviews, sociological survey), as well as general scientific and interdisciplinary methods of cognition (comparative legal, formal legal and structural-functional). The key idea of this publication is that the scale and level of criminological and sociological problems in the field of external labor migration require development and adoption of a codified regulatory legal act — Migration Code of the Russian Federation, which would prescribe in detail and enshrine legal status, order of entry and stay, duties and rights of external migrants in Russia. Due to the special criminological and social significance of the processes of social adaptation, acculturation and integration of external labor migrants, the author of the publication proposes to develop and adopt a Federal Law «On social and cultural adaptation and integration of external labor migrants in the Russian Federation» with detailed regulation of appropriate measures, procedures and mechanisms.

Quality Assurance of Regulatory Legal Acts in State Language (in the Civil and Civil Procedure Legislation)

Quality Assurance of Regulatory Legal Acts in State Language (in the Civil and Civil Procedure Legislation)

Проект классификатора причин аварий и инцидентов на опасных производственных объектах нефтегазовой отрасли

Technical investigation of accidents and incidents is carried out in order to establish the technical and organizational causes of accidents at hazardous production facilities. The legislation of the Russian Federation established the mandatory nature of this procedure, which is regulated by Order № 503 adopted by Rostechnadzor. This regulatory document describes the procedure for conducting an investigation and other organizational issues, but there is no more detailed information on the distribution of causes by groups. As the analysis of the materials of such investigations conducted by the authors of this article shows, there is a problem of uniformity in their identification (various experts formulate the causes of accidents and classify them as technical or organizational in different ways, based on their education, their own experience and other factors). Having analyzed more than 100 «lightnings» (information sheets indicating the causes after an accident investigation), posted on the official website of Rostechnadzor in the section Lessons learned from accidents, the authors of the article found some inconsistencies in assigning causes to a specific group, for example, the causes those related to strictly technical ones were correlated with the group of organizational ones. In this regard, there is a need to adopt an appropriate regulatory legal act, which in its content would have a clearer and, as far as possible, detailed classification of the causes of accidents and incidents for hazardous production facilities in the oil and gas industry. In order to ensure the unity of formulations of the causes of accidents and incidents by different experts and to facilitate their machine processing, a draft classification of them is proposed, set out in the article.

On some aspects of the transformation of the general provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of Russian citizenship

The subject of the study is the general provisions of Federal Law No. 138-FZ of 28.04.2023 "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation". The author analyzes the content of the first chapter of the law in comparison with similar norms of the previously valid Federal Law of 31.05.2002 N 62-FZ "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation". The author focuses on the changes that have taken place in the sphere of legal regulation of issues of Russian citizenship, identifies similarities with the previously existing regulatory legal act, and also explores the essence of newly introduced legislative innovations in the field of regulation of the general provisions of legislation on citizenship of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions of the study are the following provisions. The relevance of the adoption of the new federal law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation" is determined by the necessity caused not only by geopolitics, multidirectional migration flows, territorial changes, but also by the difficult demographic situation that the state is experiencing at the moment. At the same time, it is obvious that, despite the certain similarity of the new Law on Citizenship of the Russian Federation with the previously existing one, even its first chapter, devoted to the general provisions regulating issues of Russian citizenship, contains a number of novelties that allow us to talk about a significant change in legal regulations in this area.

Technology Parks in High Tech Sphere: New Legislation Analysis

The desire of our country to provide favorable conditions for the creation of competitive digital innovations and technologies is conditioned by the need to achieve technological sovereignty and ensure national security. In this regard, today it is extremely important to work on increasing the innovative activity of business entities, including through the creation of the innovation infrastructure they need, in particular technology parks. The paper is devoted to the study of the formation and development of technology parks in the world, as well as the genesis of their legal regulation in Russia. Until recently, the regulation of technology parks was fragmentary, but the situation has changed. Federal Law No. 488‑FZ of December 31, 2014 «On Industrial Policy» was supplemented with regulations as to technology parks in the high tech field. The use of methods of comparative legal and formal legal analysis revealed the positive aspects of the legislative novel; there was an attempt to regulate technology parks in the field of high technologies at the federal level. The definition of technology parks was given. Alongside with these disadvantages were also revealed: the possibility of creating such technology parks and obtaining support measures only if they meet the objectives of the Federal Law «On Industrial Policy»; lack of regulations governing the activities of technology park residents and measures to support them). The author concludes that it is necessary to adopt an independent federal regulatory legal act as to relations arising from the creation of technology parks in the field of digital innovations and technologies, the establishment of a stimulating legal regime for entrepreneurship in the field of digital innovations and technologies of their residents, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of technology parks. The structure and content of the draft regulatory legal act on technology parks in the field of digital innovations and technologies are proposed.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DELEGATED LEGISLATION

This article discusses the institution of delegated legislation. Despite the presence of a large number of publications on this issue in the scientific literature of the neighboring countries, this institution has practically not been studied by domestic scientists. The relevance of this topic is due to the introduction in 2022 into the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of a norm on the right of the Government to issue temporary resolutions having the force of law, in the presence of threats, provided for in paragraph 2 of Art. 62, with the simultaneous introduction of a draft law in Parliament. Although this norm is a novelty, our country has experience of delegated lawmaking. It was successfully applied during 1995, after the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the XIII convocation, although the Constitution of the Republic of January 28, 1993 recognized the Supreme Council as the sole legislative body. However, before his self-dissolution, on December 10, 1993, he adopted a special Law that granted the President temporary legislative powers. The head of state issued during that period a number of decrees having the force of constitutional or customary law. Later, the right of the President to issue legislative acts was enshrined in the national Constitution of 1995. However, he no longer used this right. The study of foreign legislation shows that the delegation of legislative powers by the parliament to the highest executive body is mainly carried out by adopting a special regulatory legal act with the consolidation of the powers of parliamentary control in relation to such acts. The constitutional legislation of Kazakhstan in this part suffers from certain shortcomings and needs to be improved.

The efficiency of the interim relief institution by suspending an individual or regulatory act

The article analyses the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Code of Ukraine on interim relief through suspension of a regulatory legal act and examines the Supreme Court’s case law with regard to the efficiency of application of this administrative procedure institution. In fulfilling the main tasks of administrative proceedings, the institution of interim relief is of great importance, as it allows the plaintiff to protect his or her rights and interests at the stage of applying to an administrative court by suspending the effect of an unlawful decision of a public authority. In the course of the court practice study, a gap in the current legislation and law enforcement practice has been identified, namely: when an interim relief order is cancelled by an appellate court, the authority believes that during the time its decision was suspended, such a legal act gives rise to rights and obligations for the parties. However, such a position of the authority is inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, but is applied by the Supreme Court. To address this problem, it has been proposed to amend the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine to provide that appellate and cassation courts, when issuing a decision to set aside a ruling on interim relief by suspending the effect of a regulatory act, should determine that the court ruling loses legal force from the date of the court's decision. In this case, the legislation should clearly state that during the time when the court of first instance ruling was in force, the effect of the legal act was suspended and did not give rise to any rights and obligations for the parties to the litigation, and in case the court ruling on interim relief is cancelled, the effect of the legal act does not have retroactive effect. The institution of interim relief should be effective and protect the violated rights of individuals.

THE SYSTEM OF FUNCTIONS AS THE BASIS OF THE CONCEPT OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY

The effectiveness of public administration depends on the sustainable development of the system offederal executive authorities, in which the key role is assigned to federal ministries. At the same time, there isno unity in the understanding of the federal Ministry in the legal literature. Accordingly, the article exploresthe theoretical, historical, and legal foundations of the formation of the concept of a federal ministry, whichallow us to talk about changing the vector of building the system of federal executive authorities since 2004in order to optimally restructure it in the event of emergency. The analysis of the current regulatory legalacts defining the essence and content of the organization and functioning of federal ministries is carried out.The author suggests in the definition of the concept of the federal ministry to be based on the functionalprinciple enshrined in the current regulatory legal acts. There are «basic» functions characteristic of allfederal ministries and «additional» functions provided to certain federal ministries in accordance withregulatory acts. The conclusion is made about the understanding of the federal Ministry as a centralizedfederal executive body endowed with appropriate functions.

The Concept and Characteristics of a Defect of Discretion in Law

The article touches upon the problems associated with defects in law related to discretion. An attempt is made to analyze the approaches of legal scholars to the concepts of “defect of law”, as well as related concepts of “defect of a normative legal act”, “defect of legislation”, “error in law”. Attention is focused on the relationship between the concept of “defect in law” and “quality of law”. In relation to individual branch legal sciences, studies of individual defects have been conducted, however, a unified approach to understanding the essence of the relevant legal phenomenon has not been formed. When analyzing the approaches of various researchers to the essence of the defect in law, it should be noted that the authors point to a violation of the requirements related to the quality of the regulatory legal act. A scientific analysis is carried out of the fact that a law enforcement decision based on various legal defects is associated with discretion. The origins of the concept of “defect in law” are considered, since for the first time it began to be used in industry legal sciences. The point of view on the allocation of an expansive and restrictive understanding of the “defect in law” in scientific circulation is interesting. In the first case, we are talking about the state of legal norms, when the regulation of public relations leads to a violation of the optimal balance of the interests of the state, society and the individual. In the second case, we mean legal regulation, the quality level of which is low, and in this regard, infringement of interests occurs. The article presents the Author's definition of “the defect of discretion in law”, as well as the signs of this concept. The criteria of imperfection, according to the Author, should include gaps in law, conflicts of legal norms, uncertainty of legal regulation, violations of the requirements of legal technology in the construction of texts of normative acts, irrational placement of norms in the legal system, excessive duplication of rules of conduct in acts of different legal force, excessive legal regulation. The signs of the sought concept also include: finding a defect of discretion in the law in a specific substantive element of a legal act, as well as the social harmfulness of the defect affecting discretion in the application of law.

Medical psychologist: organizational and legal regulation of activity and personnel training system

The qualification requirements for the position of a medical psychologist are analyzed. The demand for the professional activity of a medical psychologist in the provision of psychiatric, narcological, neurological and general somatic care is shown. The knowledge, skills and abilities of medical psychologists are widely used in the providing medical care for diseases and behavioral disorders, in the consideration of forensic psychiatric examination. There is a tendency to further strengthening the interaction of medical psychologists with psychiatrists and psychotherapists. The features of undergraduate and postgraduate training in the specialty “Clinical Psychology” are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the staffing of medical organizations of the Russian Federation by medical psychologists was carried out, the unevenness of this indicator across the regions of the country was shown. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the adoption of the professional standard “Medical Psychologist” for optimizing the qualification characteristics of professional activity and creating an objective basis for building professional higher and postgraduate education programs in clinical psychology, taking into account the requirements of the employer. Prospects for increasing the role of medical psychologists in the organizations of the Russian Ministry of Health are associated with the inclusion of their functional duties in the Procedures for providing of medical care in general somatic practice and with the expansion of the number of universities providing training in the specialty “Clinical Psychology”.

The "Grant" Category as a Legal Homonym

Introduction. The need for precise and high-quality legal regulation of the scientific sphere is predetermined by the current reality and the Russian Federation's public policy. Nevertheless, despite the significance of this direction, the current legal system and legal science still contain mistakes, gaps, and inconsistencies that cause discrepancies in the views and legal provisions on scientific matters. The lack of a precise definition of the "grant" legal category is one of the theoretical issues that negatively af­fect the law-application field. Methods. The study's methodology is based on specific scientific knowledge methods (historical, comparative legal, and formal legal) as well as analysis, synthesis, and dialectics. Results and Discussion. The provisions of the Russian Federation's financial, tax, civil, and scientific laws that use the "grant" legal category are examined in this article. Despite the fact that the same "grant" legal category is used, it has a different meaning in each regulatory legal act. This content cannot be brought to uniformity. As a result, the term "grant" has evolved into a legal homonym of sorts, wherein the same term can have a variety of contents and meanings depending on the area of law in which it is used. Legisla­tive changes are necessary in light of this situation's detrimental impact on the regulatory framework. Conclusion. The approach to the norma­tive consolidation of the "grant" legal category in the Russian Federation needs to be changed in order to eliminate the circumstance wherein it acts as a legal homonym of sorts. The article outlines the fundamental ideas behind the new approach as well as specific regulatory suggestions to update the law as it currently stands.