Legal Deposit Research Articles

Preservation Preferences for Books and Websites as Cultural Heritage: A Conjoint Analysis

This study empirically examines factors influencing public preferences for document preservation, focusing on books and websites in a nation’s cultural heritage. Using a choice-based experimental design, respondents selected preferences, revealing that while books are generally valued for preservation, doubts about content reliability or frequency of use may diminish their cultural heritage significance. Conversely, websites gain preservation worthiness through third-party checks or frequent use. Media type alone does not determine preservation preference. The results highlight challenges in determining legal deposit eligibility based solely on media type, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to safeguarding cultural heritage.

Legal deposit in Lithuania in 1945 - 1992

-

Statistics of Periodicals in the Baltic States: Data Sources and Collections

Publishing is a significant part of the cultural, creative, and economic sectors. Its research, assessment, and forecasting require grounded, reliable, accurate, consistent, and comparable statistical data. Considering the lack of research in periodicals statistics and the relevance of publishing statistics, as well as the fact that in the Baltic countries, publishing statistics data are collected by institutions at the same level, the problem arises whether the national libraries’ applied foundational recommendations and legal documents, as well as data collection methodology, can ensure data validity, reliability, comprehensiveness, and comparability. This article aims to examine and compare the data collection practices of periodical statistics in the Baltic States. The research object includes the legal foundation of publishing statistics in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as the 2022 publishing statistics resources and official statistics data collections. UNESCO recommendations and International Organization for Standardization standards can be considered guidelines for such data collection and accounting. The legal foundation of publishing statistics consists of legal deposit laws, which must ensure the sources of statistical data. Even though publishing statistics data are collected by national libraries and the source of statistical data in all countries is legal deposits, the statistical data collections are not identical. Countries choose which data to collect, what criteria to apply, and in what form to present them. It is important to emphasize that data on the publishing industry are not presented in statistical collections, although their collection guidelines and presentation importance are highlighted in international recommendations and normative documents. Statistical data on electronic periodicals are provided only by Estonia. National libraries in the Baltic States are official statistics compilers, so summarized publishing statistics data are provided to national statistics institutions, opening new technological possibilities for data analysis and integration of new data. The collections of statistical data on newspapers and magazines can only be compared according to a few main criteria, as countries have chosen different statistical data presentation features, the main ones being the varying categorization and periodicity characteristics of newspapers and magazines.

Digital Preservation Readiness of Legal Deposit Materials at the Msunduzi Municipal Library in KwaZulu-Natal

This paper aims to explore a digital preservation program readiness of legal deposit materials at the Msunduzi Municipal Library in KwaZulu-Natal. It looks at the readiness to undertake the digital preservation programme, whether they meet the requirements for digital preservation programme in order to undertake it, and if the staff members have skills and competencies for digital preservation. It also checked if they have enough storage capacity for digital preservation program. A qualitative research method was adopted and used a case study research design. The semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth data from each participant, and analysed it using a thematic analysis. The targeted population were all 15 digitization section employees from the Msunduzi Municipal Library and all participated giving 100%. The findings revealed that the Msunduzi Municipal Library seemed ready to undertake the digital preservation programme. The library was found facing challenges such as a lack of storage server to store and back-up digitally preserved materials, a lack of funds, a lack of in-service training for its staff, faulty and or non-functioning digitization machines, a lack of adequate maintenance of equipment, and a lack of enough equipment in preparation for digital preservation programme. It was discovered that the Msunduzi Municipal Library met the requirements for digital preservation programme in order to undertake it but some few staff members did not think it met the requirements for digital preservation programme, simply because they lacked storage server. This paper recommends that Msunduzi Municipal Library and other institutions preparing for the digital preservation programmes should hire staff with relevant skills and competencies for digital preservation, and also engage in in-service training of their staff, especially those lacking these skills and competences.

Collecting streaming services

In the streaming era, the very thing that defines it is what threatens to impede access to important media history and cultural heritage. Streaming’s barriers to entry and its interim content catalogs challenge the actual collection and preservation of it for research and teaching purposes. If researchers and libraries do not work together to document and preserve these, we will keep losing important sources and data. From a collection perspective, we argue that streaming services consist of their catalog, metadata, and graphical user interfaces. First, we map the large-scale legal deposit collection of streaming at a national library as well as a media researcher’s small-scale targeted collection. Second, we compare the resulting collections of web sites and graphical user interfaces in order to discuss methodological challenges. The findings of this comparative analysis indicate the existing deficiencies in both collections and suggest potential improvements in the collection and preservation of streaming services.

User-centred collecting for emerging formats

ABSTRACT Since 2013, the UK legal deposit libraries have worked collaboratively to develop systems to manage born-digital publications, including a more experimental approach to content management for emerging formats. Within the content management lifecycle, access was identified as a key challenge. This paper provides an overview of the work conducted at legal deposit libraries to better understand access requirements for emerging formats, from a user's perspective and with a focus on web-based interactive narratives. It includes background information on UK non-print legal deposit and the characteristics that distinguish emerging formats from other collection items. It explores the findings from different workshops discussing user's needs and expectations when accessing born-digital collections in a library environment. It also considers how existing tools and methodologies, such as web archiving, can be adapted and built to support the collection of emerging formats. Finally, it delves into different research projects conducted at the British Library around archiving and performing quality assurance for interactive narratives, collecting contextual information, and lessons learnt from exhibiting born-digital content in a physical space.

Statistics of Russian Book Publishing in the First Half of 2023

The authors present the main statistical indicators of domestic book publishing for the first half of 2023. 13 tables with comments give a clear picture of the number of book titles and brochures, their circulation, themes, types and types of publications, the main publishers, printers and the most popular authors in the field of fiction for adults and children. Particular attention is paid to the problem of electronic copies of printed legal deposits of publications. The decline of two main statistical figures of the first half of 2023 in comparison with the same period of 2022 came to 11,37% for the total number of titles of books and pamphlets and 17,48% for their total print runs.

Novels and the NSTC: A Quantitative Study of Legal Deposit

ABSTRACTThe Nineteenth‐Century Short Title Catalog (NSTC) attempts to provide comprehensive coverage of the print record in the English‐speaking world from 1801 to 1918 based primarily on the catalog records of Britain's five legal deposit libraries during the 19th century. Previous studies have used the NSTC to quantitatively study broad trends in Victorian‐era British publishing, but they have not sufficiently acknowledged the NSTC's limitations. This study works within the NSTC's limitations by using it to quantitatively study the phenomena of legal deposit. Analysis of two, 90‐volume random samples of first edition English novels reveals the impact of changing library acquisition practices and legal deposit legislation on the comprehensiveness of Britain's legal deposit libraries, as well as the NSTC's comprehensiveness and how it can be utilized for quantitative book history despite its deficiencies.

Performance indicators framework for assessment of national libraries using the analytic hierarchy process

The National Library and Archives of Iran is the most important library in the country, taking on tasks such as providing and protecting the written and unwritten national heritage and organizing the services of other libraries in Iran. An assessment of the National Library and Archives of Iran is critical to understanding how the organization contributes to organizational and strategic goals. This article aims to show the rankings and priorities of performance indicators based on the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard framework (resources, access and infrastructure; use; efficiency; and potentials and development) and with use of the analytic hierarchy process. The perspectives of resources, use, efficiency, and potentials and development were rated. The top performance indicators included: ‘Level of user satisfaction with searching the National Library and Archives of Iran’s website’, ‘Percentage of acquired books in any medium and multimedia resources entered by legal deposit’ and ‘Qualitative evaluation using case studies of use and value of the collection and services’. Pervious literature shows various applications of a joint balanced scorecard and analytic hierarchy process. This study applies this integrated framework throughout an organization in a new service field.

Publishing of Periodical Editions in Russia in 2022

The authors of the article provide the main statistics of the Russian printed periodicals output in 2022, analyzing the typology of magazines, journals and newspapers, current state and trends in this sphere of the publishing business in Russia. The role of printed information in general and in the field of periodical publications — especially is outlined as the most reliable source of the social important information in the current conditions of the hybrid war with Western World. 13 tables with comments present the number of titles of magazines, journals and newspapers, their print runs, geography of issue, thematics and purpose. The acting normative base for the Russian state registration of printed periodicals and perspectives of its modernization is analyzed in accordance with the legislation about legal deposits, current state of publishing business and information needs of its main subjects. The article also tells about the main principles and historical traditions of the domestic statistics of printed periodicals which remain unchanged for many decades and such a situation provides the compatibility of statistical figures in this field of activities.

FAST: A Journey Toward Sustainability in Subject Indexing at the British Library

This article provides an update on progress since the partial roll-out of FAST in 2015 at the British Library. It discusses developments to the product and the provision of community interaction with FAST via a FAST funnel, ensuring the vocabulary is robust and flexible enough to meet the continued needs of Legal Deposit workflows. It describes the planning and implementation methods used in rolling out FAST to the majority of cataloging workflows at the British Library leading to extensive training over the autumn of 2022.

Current Issues with Cataloging Printed Music: Challenges Facing Staff and Systems

This paper explores the challenges currently faced by music cataloguers, with particular regard to their training and the systems they work with. It asks whether music catalogers feel they have enough support and training to do their work; it investigates the skills they require, and how they might be taught. It also examines whether systems need to be adapted to suit printed music. The project focuses on staff responsible for cataloging printed music at music libraries in the UK (public, academic, legal deposit and specialist). Here, the term “cataloger” refers to any member of staff who catalogs printed music.

Overview of Literature Related to the Creation of the National Library of Serbia

The question of the time when the National Library of Serbia was founded is one of the most complex questions in the field of studying the historical development of this important institution. This issue has been addressed by many researchers, who presented various assumptions and conclusions in their works. This review paper will present the development of subject research in the mentioned field, with a special focus on scientific and professional papers in which some specific issues were considered, related to the acquisition of the first books (1830), the arrangement of the book fund at the state printing house (1831), the establishment of a legal deposit, the establishment of a library in the bookshop of Gligorije Vozarović (1832) and the formation of a unified book fund at the Ministry of Education (1838). Attention will also be pointed out to the attitude of researchers towards the scientific review of two key issues, the first of which refers to the creation of book collections that with its gradual unification, the original book collection of the National Library was created, while the second refers to the institutional formation of the library institution itself.

A Note on Law and Economics of Legal Deposit Systems

Abstract How can documentary heritage institutions protect the rights of publishers and creators while archiving their digital works for future generations? Is such an intervention of collecting, archiving and making available digital work justifiable and, if so, why? A legal deposit system is implemented in most national libraries to balance protecting rights holders and guaranteeing public interest. However, the expansion of collection coverage such as e-books and social media content has resulted in legal and ethical conflicts. Legal and economic approaches can convert legal conflicts into analysable trade-off phenomena. Therefore, we explore whether and to what extent economic reasoning applies to the legislative process. This is primarily for electronic legal deposit systems, specifically focusing on copyright and privacy issues. For copyright, legal deposits serve a public domain function and a correction function for market failures. Preserving the function of legal deposits can mitigate legal and ethical risks over time. However, such risks remain, as long as privacy is subjective and contextual. Even if documentary heritage institutions are granted legislative authority to collect digital work mandatorily, they must pursue other methods to minimise such risks. This suggests that collection coverage diversifies between countries and regions.

Development of the Al-Assad National Library’s Collections under the Circumstances of the Military Conflict in Syria

During the military conflict on going on the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria), there was destroyed not only the economic, but also the educational and cultural infrastructure of the country. Thousands of libraries located in northern Syria have completely lost their collections. The number of Arab cultural centres (public libraries) decreased by 60% from 2011 to 2018. They were located in the conflict zones and were destroyed during military operations. Huge damage was caused to the market of publishing industry and the book culture of Syria as a whole.During the tough movement process from war to peace, the preservation of monuments, including writing, remains an important issue for the country and its future. The leading library in Syria is the Al-Assad National Library (NL), which receives legal deposit copy of domestic publications; it is engaged in international book exchange; makes procurements; receives books and manuscripts as donation. Preserving the documentary cultural heritage of the country, the library performs the memorial function, which is much more complicated in the conditions of military conflict and economic crisis.The purpose of the research is to study the impact of the war in Syria on the activities of the Al-Assad National Library, the dynamics of the development of its collections, as well as the formation of strategy for the reconstruction of the countryʼs library system. The author used the methods of comparative analysis in the work and conducted the review of the literature on this topic.In 1988, the Al-Assad National Library’s collections contained 131,931 items. In the 2000s, there was an increase in the number of publications received by the library via legal deposit copy system. Since 2011, the beginning of the terrorist war, which was accompanied by the economic blockade by Western countries, the replenishment of the stock has significantly decreased. From 2012 to 2015, the International Book Fair in Damascus was suspended. At the end of 2020, the total stock of the library amounted to 567,117 information resources in Arabic and foreign languages.Russiaʼs support in restoring peaceful life in Syria is highly appreciated by the Syrian people. The relevance of the study is related to the lack of information in Russian about the development of the national library collections during the war in Syria. Russian universities train Syrian specialists in both library and other branches of science. The Russian language has been introduced into educational programs in Syria, which will further lead to its adoption as a foreign language to replace English language in the Republic.At present, it is necessary to restore all areas of life in Syria, including cultural. The Al-Assad National Library plays a key role in the reform of the library system in the country, the formation of cultural policy through the creation of a stable system of book communication and the embedding of national book culture in the world information space. The Syrian society is forced to take into account political, economic, socio-cultural challenges. It is necessary to expand international cooperation, especially with countries that have maintained friendly relations with Syria.

Sedamdeset godina Muzičke zbirke Nacionalne i univerzitetske biblioteke Bosne i Hercegovine / Seventy Years of the Music Collection of the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper presents the Music Collection of the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina, founded in 1951 within the Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts. During 70 years, the Collection's stock building was systematically with a legal deposit from the all over Yugoslavia until 1992, through purchases, gift and exchange. In that way the Bosnian-Herzegovinian national collection was founded, which contributed to the preservation of national and cultural identity. In 1980, it owned 9.500 bibliographic units. Unfortunately, the Collection was destroyed on 25 August, 1992, in a shelling of the Vijećnica (City Hall), where was the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its restoration is still being. Today, the funds of this Collection contain approximately 5.000 bibliographic units and is organized into three separate parts: the Musicological Book Collection, the Music Collection and the Sound Collection. For the most part of the materials – 3.304 bibliographic units, was processed within the COBISS.BH system (Co-operative Online Bibliographic System and Services), according to international bibliographic standards and the COMARC/B format (Cooperative Machine-Readable Cataloging). All bibliographic records can be searched in the electronic catalog of the Library by several parameters. The Collection has invaluable documentary value, especially for our Bosnian-Herzegovinian national music culture. In the following period, it is necessary to enrich the Collection with new contents and present it with quality on high level by bibliographic processing. The best protection of these collected sound records, in Music Collection, as part of the cultural heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is its digitization at the national level in compliance with the legislation about copyright and related rights.

County legal deposit in the county public libraries in the Republic of Croatia

<p><strong>Cilj. </strong>U radu je prikazano istraživanje kojim se željelo dobiti uvid u stanje i položaj županijskog obveznog primjerka, primjenu odredbi Pravilnika o obveznom primjerku (2020) te ispitati postoji li potreba za jasnijim odredbama navedenog Pravilnika o zbirkama u koje se uvrštava županijski obvezni primjerak.</p> <p><strong>Pristup/metodologija</strong>. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom anketnog upitnika anonimno u mrežnom obliku od 4. do 13. listopada 2021. godine. Upitnik je bio namijenjen isključivo županijskim matičnim narodnim knjižnicama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Sadržavao je sveukupno 14 pitanja, od kojih se na pojedina pitanja moglo odgovoriti i višestrukim odabirom. Ispitivala se upoznatost ispitanika s važećim propisima koji se odnose na županijski obvezni primjerak, na koji način i što knjižnica prima obveznim primjerkom, uvrštava li te primjerke u svoj fond, uvjete pod kojima se građa daje na korištenje te mišljenje ispitanika o županijskom obveznom primjerku u pogledu izgradnje fonda, obrade i smještaja građe, obveza nakladnika te pitanjima županijskog obveznog primjerka u kontekstu zavičajnih zbirki. Zadnje je pitanje bilo jedino neobavezno i otvorenog tipa te je služilo kao mjesto gdje su ispitanici mogli ostaviti dodatan komentar.</p> <p><strong>Rezultati</strong>. Rezultati ukazuju da su ispitanici upoznati s važećim pravnim propisima koji se odnose na županijski obvezni primjerak. Gotovo sve knjižnice primaju obvezni primjerak i to raznovrsnu građu, ali pritom ukazuju na problema s nakladnicima koji ne izvršavaju obvezu dostave županijskog obveznog primjerka. Iz tog razloga knjižnice ukazuju i na potrebu edukacije svih dionika o županijskom obveznom primjerku – od nakladnika do knjižnica. Županijski obvezni primjerak uvrštava se u fond knjižnica – ponegdje cjelovito, ponegdje prema stručnoj procjeni. Prema istraživanju, županijski obvezni primjerak obogaćuje fond knjižnica te korisnici traže i koriste navedenu građu. No uvjeti njegova korištenja variraju – od korištenja u prostoru knjižnice do redovne posudbe. Postoji neslaganje ispitanika u pogledu uvrštavanja županijskog obveznog primjerka u zavičajne zbirke.</p> <p><strong>Originalnost/vrijednost</strong>. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja mogu poslužiti kao polazišna točka u mogućem rješavanju izazova pred kojima se nalaze županijske matične narodne knjižnice u pogledu županijskog obveznog primjerka.</p>

Institutional Libraries and Book Collecting Practices in Ireland, 1960–2000

The National Library of Ireland (NLI) became a legal deposit library in 1927, joining Trinity College which had been, since 1801, subject to British legal-deposit legislation. These two institutions were to form the backbone of the country’s large-scale collection and preservation of written heritage during the twentieth century. In augmenting their collections during this time, they faced similar challenges of space and finance, while also benefitting from the dispersal of major private libraries of big houses in the post-civil war era. This article examines the acquisitions policies of these two libraries in the context of broader trends in the rare book trade. It considers the shifting sands of public and university budgets for library-building during the latter half of the twentieth century and examines where books and archives of Irish interest were bought and sold. In particular, it addresses the impact of the growth of US universities and specialist libraries on the market for Irish material from the 1960s onwards. Responding to this increased competition, the Irish institutions managed their collections and acquisitions in new ways, often at increased cost and using selective buying practices. Drawing on catalogues of sales, auctions and library records, this article offers a broad appreciation of the literary-institutional landscape in a period of vast change in Ireland.

A global view on digital legal deposit: what could be learned?

Aim Procedures for legal deposit of the print material are well established and widely practiced. Such procedures, however, are not necessarily applicable to the digital environment, mainly because bibliographic specifications of print material do not match those of digital objects and digital environment. The history of legal deposit of publications in Iran goes back to 1906. Since then, the press, publishers, public and private institutions are required to deposit one or more copies of their published material to the National Library of Iran (NLIR). However, reports have always indicated incomplete deposit or lack of coherent and comprehensive policies, especially with regard to digital resources. The present study aims to propose a framework for NLIR by comparing several national libraries. Methodology This research examined the policies and practices of 10 large national libraries that according to the World atlas (2018) have been ranked the highest in terms of the number and variety of resources. They were the Library of Congress, the British Library, National Library and Archives of Canada (LAC), and national libraries of France, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Australia, Japan, and China. The data related to digital legal deposit implementation was collected from various sources including directories; official publications of international organizations, national legal deposit laws and regulations. Findings A global trend towards legal deposit to cover digital publications and preservation of comprehensive national archives is developing. In Iran, there was no mechanisms for identification, selection and deposit of digital materials either do not exist or are inappropriate for some types of publications. Conclusion National libraries and other libraries are at the forefront of research and development in the field of legal deposit. In this research, an effort was made to design and propose a framework for depositing digital material at NLIR drawing on the policies and practices of the top 10 national libraries. The proposed framework has two parts. The first includes elements such as introduction, general principles, resources comprehensiveness, legal deposit method, the origin of publications, collaboration and partnership, and legal considerations. In the second part -the plan-areas addressed in the first part are discussed in detail.

Проблемы интеграции издательств, книготорговых и информационно-библиотечных учреждений в Узбекистане

Libraries, being state institutions, exist on state subsidies and are limited in their funds, so even though the book market in modern conditions is saturated with document resources, information and library institutions cannot afford the purchase of all necessary publications. The activities of institutions are regulated by normative and legislative acts, which provide both competitive methods of procurement and procurement from a single supplier. To replenish the information and library fund it is not enough to get a legal deposit copy, so it is necessary to find additional sources of acquisition through the integration of information and library institutions with publishing and bookselling organizations. The main sources of information about novelties are price lists and websites of publishers, as well as websites of leading online stores. The use of information technologies and automated systems makes it easy to analyze how much demand the library users have for purchased editions. The library needs to organize a clear feedback between the service departments, the acquisition department and the user. Only collective work of all structural divisions of the library on the list of editions necessary for acquisition will allow to form a qualitative fund.