Legal Attitudes Research Articles

Factors Influencing and Efforts to Improve Public Legal Awareness in Preserving the Status Quo of Crime Scenes in Kupang City

Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the factors influencing public legal awareness in maintaining the status quo at crime scenes, the relationship between knowledge, understanding, attitude, and legal behavior of the public in maintaining the status quo at crime scenes, and the measures taken to address public legal awareness in maintaining the status quo at crime scenes. Methods: This research is a juridical-empirical study that collects data directly from the public in Kupang City through questionnaires and interviews with 225 respondents and 3 police officers. The data were analyzed using inferential statistical techniques. Results: The factors affecting public legal awareness in maintaining the status quo at crime scenes in Kupang City are past experiences, mass media, socio-cultural values, formal education, and legal counseling. Conclusions: The relationships between indicators of legal awareness are: legal knowledge and understanding are related to the legal attitude of the public in maintaining the status quo at crime scenes; Legal attitude is related to the legal behavior of the public in maintaining the status quo at crime scenes. Government measures include preemptive and preventive efforts. To date, no cases have been addressed through repressive measures, such as cases involving intentional acts to obscure, damage, or remove evidence at crime scenes.

Правовой инфантилизм как явление современной правовой реальности

Introduction. Legal infantilism being one of the varieties of legal conscience deformation is characterised by insufficient legal knowledge and the lack of well-defined legal attitudes. It has been widely spread throughout the world in the XXI century and can be defined as a social pandemic. Despite the fact that legal infantilism, along with legal nihilism and legal idealism is more frequently described in Russian scientific and educational publications and has become a matter of concern in court proceedings, so far this socio-legal phenomenon has not received proper attention in legal science. Methods. The methodology of the research of legal infantilism as a phenomenon of modern legal reality is based on dialectics. The main methods of the research were the principle of comprehensive study of legal processes and phenomena, the principles of unity of theory and practice, consciousness and activity, the principle of determinism. The research was carried out on the basis of system and value approaches. Methods of integrity and retrospective analysis made it possible to determine the development of the research topic, to identify the ideas of various scientific areas concerning the determinants of the formation of legal infantilism, its characteristics and manifestations in modern Russia during the historiographical analysis. The sociological method was an important one, it enabled to characterise the subjects - bearers of legal infantilism. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalisation, abstraction, historical) and special (historical-legal, interpretation of normative legal acts) methods were used. Results. Legal infantilism is examined as the manifestation of legal conscience deformation being a type of social infantilism. The paper defines the prerequisites for the development of legal infantilism, its distinctive features. It gives examples of manifestation in everyday, professional and scientific activities; and reveals the peculiarities of legal infantilism of the youth as a special social group. The study reveals the need for a comprehensive scientific analysis of legal infantilism as a phenomenon of modern legal reality, as the result of a gap or insufficient systematic assimilation of legal norms and legal values by an individual and a social group. It is proved that legal infantilism is a threat to the progressive development of the state and society, in this regard, in the context of determining the ways to improve the state-legal system of modern Russia, legal infantilism should be considered as a public danger.

Application of Moderation Value on Legal Attitudes to Transact with Conventional Banks

This article aims to analyse the legal attitude of the community towards conventional bank interest and the application of this legal attitude in society. Islam forbids all forms of transaction applications of buying and selling or lending with usury systems. However, the mechanisms and systems of modern banking transactions are not yet known comprehensively in Islam and give rise to differences of opinion among Muslims. This difference of opinion is inseparable from their paradigm of thinking, namely textual and contextual ways of thinking. This case can be categorised as a matter of ijtihâdiyyah khilâfiyyah. This difference of opinion is very likely to occur because the rules of muamalah matters are actually allowed in sharia and become haram (forbidden) until there is evidence that prohibits it. Problems arise when the understanding that is believed to be related to sharia economic law, so that it feels that its understanding is the absolutely correct understanding, and then considers it a mistake if there are other people's opinions differ from it. The emergence of intolerant polemics like this can spark the fire of discord and cause distorted perceptions in the community related to religious harmony. Using a sociological approach, this article analyses the legal attitude towards conventional banks and its application in social life. The results of the study show that moderation is needed in viewing differences in legal attitudes related to bank interest so as to present a tolerant dogmatism of society and be able to avoid divisions due to intolerant attitudes.

Compliance Guidelines and their Cultural Context

Cultural influences are aspects that cannot be resisted, even in an internationally networked and globalized world. This raises the question, to what extent compliance regulations and guidelines are also influenced by national cultures? With the help of a qualitative document analysis of three compliance documents from the EU, the US and China and the cultural dimensions according to Hofstede as the theoretical underpinning, the author was able to find identical elements in the compliance programs, such as training and auditing, but also national focuses. The design of the national guidelines is characterized by the trade-off between international legal standards or the same legal attitudes of countries, which is why existing guidelines may be used as a template for other countries, and the respective national priorities and cultural differences at the same time. However, from a cultural perspective, hardly any specifics could be identified in the documents. The results intend to represent an initial starting point for further research to determine whether (at least in the textual formulation) compliance guidelines should be given cultural adaptations in order to achieve a stronger compliance intention, whereby compliance documents for multinational companies or a group of states such as the EU certainly may pose challenges.

Основные факторы, определяющие правосознание российского общества

The concept of legal consciousness in Russian society is multifaceted and deeply rooted in historical, economic, and social factors. This article aims to dissect these factors and their impact on the formation of legal attitudes and perceptions among the populace. Legal consciousness in Russia has evolved over centuries, shaped by a complex interplay of historical events and socio-economic conditions. From the pre-Christian era to the tumultuous transformations in the 1990–2020s, the understanding of law and justice has been deeply intertwined with the fabric of Russian society. A significant aspect of legal consciousness formation lies in the experiences of the peasantry, from the era of serfdom to the collectivization efforts of the Soviet era. Economic factors, including income distribution and access to resources, play a pivotal role in shaping legal attitudes and behaviors among citizens. In the modern era, cultural-economic and legislative trends such as counter-sanctions and digitization have further influenced legal consciousness. The concept of legal nihilism, characterized by a disregard for legal norms and institutions, underscores the need for proactive measures to address this phenomenon. In conclusion, the analysis reveals a complex tapestry of factors influencing legal consciousness in Russian society, with economic disparities playing a significant role. The correlation between legal nihilism and income levels highlights the urgency of implementing targeted interventions to foster a culture of legal compliance and respect for the rule of law.

Legal Awareness of Halal Products Certification among East Java Business Operators and Society

The number of business operators in East Java increases significantly each year but is unfortunately not accompanied by increased legal awareness. While many business operators are aware of the halal certification obligation, they need to actually comply to it. This research was conducted in East Java on 111 micro and small business operators and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) spread across several cities. A total of 450 respondents of various backgrounds who, at the time of research, had run their business for at least two years were involved in direct interviews and questionnaire surveys. This research focuses on discussing the awareness of business operators and the community in East Java based on Soerjono Soekanto's legal awareness (understanding, knowledge, obedience, and legal attitudes), and maqasid sharia. Efforts to increase knowledge and understanding of business owners of legal awareness still lacked due to non-existent sanctions and incomprehensive campaign. Meanwhile, in legal culture, there is a perception that food consumed by the community is not necessarily halal-certified. The government strategy to advocate legal awareness of halal product certification includes product acceleration through the halal product information (SIP Halal) system that is easily accessible to MSMEs.

The association between criminal legal attitudes and healthcare utilization among adolescents: differences by gender and race

System avoidance is a concept that individual contact with the criminal legal system causes avoidance of other social institutions. Negative attitudes about the criminal legal system and subsequent mistrust in healthcare systems or providers have only been studied in adults. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association between healthcare utilization and youth-reported negative criminal legal attitudes stratified by gender and race in adolescents. Adolescents from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study self-reported attitudes involving legal cynicism, police legitimacy, and healthcare utilization. Logistic regressions were estimated to examine the associations between youth-reported criminal legal attitudes involving legal cynicism and police legitimacy, healthcare utilization, and sociodemographics. Only among non-white girls were negative criminal legal attitudes significantly associated with reduced likelihood of healthcare utilization during the previous 12 months (aOR = 0.55, p ≤ 0.01). Negative criminal legal attitudes in non-white girls reduced the odds of healthcare utilization, which supports the concept of system avoidance of institutions. This has implications for policymakers as they enact laws on crime and surveillance, especially in minority communities, as views on the criminal legal institution can impact other facets of life. More research is needed to directly explore this relationship beyond cross-sectional studies.

Development of legal consciousness of legal students

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of legal consciousness of law students. The main methodological approaches to the formation of legal consciousness of future specialists in the legal field are outlined.
 It was found that the components that influence the development of legal awareness, which determines the orientations for persons facing legal situations, prompting them to make ethically and legitimately justified decisions on the psychological aspects of legal awareness among law students, require a detailed analysis. The development of legal consciousness of lawyers requires specially organized measures that affect various spheres of individual consciousness, but the sphere of legal consciousness of an individual is particularly sensitive to these social changes.
 The work considers the key factors affecting the development of legal awareness among young people who are preparing to become specialists in the field of law. Depending on the subject acting as a source of legal awareness, individual, group and public legal awareness can be distinguished. Individual legal consciousness, which belongs to an individual, should be considered as a relationship between subjective and objective (individual and social) aspects in his consciousness.
 Legal awareness of lawyers has a theoretical and practical nature, since the main goal of their work is the application of theoretical knowledge (scientific research) in practice. Law affects the consciousness of the relevant persons, performing its functions. The formation of legal awareness of lawyers requires the presence of appropriate professional morality, a system of moral and moral-legal norms that regulate their actions and behavior in professional activities. The main criteria for the development of legal consciousness of legal students are legal knowledge, the level of legal education, attitude to legal norms, stability of legal beliefs, value orientations, the formation of legal attitudes and compliance or non- compliance with the law revealed in behavior.

A mirror of political ideology: undergraduates’ attitudinal drivers on implemented campus carry

Campus carry, which allows individuals possessing a license (or, more recently, a right) to carry concealed firearms to legally bring them onto public university campuses, was implemented in Texas in 2016, but it has remained a contested issue at The University of Texas at Austin. Based on a survey of undergraduates (N = 1,204) conducted in spring 2019, this paper examines predictors of support and opposition for the policy, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic background, political affiliation and ideology, length of time lived in Texas, and pro-gun legal attitudes. The study found that attitudes were profoundly driven by the political views of the students. Their gender and pro-gun legal attitudes also had significance, whereas many other variables identified by previous research did not. The study contributes to an understanding of campus carry attitudes in situations where it is not only planned or a distant hypothetical but already in effect and impacting students’ lives.

The Importance of Community Legal Awareness in Land Registration

This study aims to determine and analyze the level of legal awareness of the community in Manuju District, Gowa Regency in registering their land, to find out the factors that influence the community in Manuju District, Gowa Regency in registering their land. This research uses empirical method. The research location is in Manuju District, Gowa Regency. The results of this study indicate that the level of public legal awareness in the context of land registration in Manuju District, Gowa Regency can be said to be sufficient. Judged from several aspects, namely sufficient in legal knowledge, legal understanding, legal attitudes, and community behavior. The inhibiting factors for the community in Manuju District, Gowa Regency in registering their land are lack of understanding of the functions and uses of land certificates, thinking that the land registration process takes a long time, the costs incurred in the land management process and tax payments, the supporting factors for the community in registering their land are that it can create a sense of security, obtain legal protection, can be used as strong evidence in the eyes of the law, increase selling value, and improve the community's economy, and facilitate the transfer of rights. The government should more often conduct socialization about the importance of registering land, the community should ask the local government or use the services of land officials if they do not know the land registration process.

Lithuanian Proverbs as a Source of Natural Law Regulations in the Historical Writings of Simonas Daukantas

The purpose of this article is to argue that Simonas Daukantas used the material of Lithuanian folklore, mainly proverbs, as a historical source in his works on the history of Lithuania, and analyze his reasons for doing that. Daukantas used the Lithuanian proverbs as a source for studying socio-moral and legal attitudes, and elucidating their role in the process of history. He was most interested in identification and clarification of Lithuanian customary law norms and natural principles, relying on proverbs. Folklore data was instrumental for Daukantas in proving that the social order in ancient Lithuanian history was based on natural law, and there were natural regulations that fostered the natural human freedom and industriousness.

Соматическое правосознание: психолого-педагогический и философско-правовой аспекты

Purpose. This article is devoted to the problem of somatic law and legal consciousness. The purpose of the study is an interdisciplinary analysis of the implementation of somatic and somatic legal consciousness; consideration of the issue of pedagogical influence in the educational process on the legal education of students, as a way of taking preventive measures to deform the somatic legal consciousness of the individual and forming a correct understanding of the image and value of one’s body; development of a new classification of somatic rights based on the criterion of compatibility with the legal culture of a particular state; consideration of legal aspects of responsibility in the field of realization of somatic rights; analysis of current judicial practice in the field of implementation of legal claims regarding a person’s ability to dispose of his body at his own discretion. Methodology: analysis, synthesis, synergetics, dialectics, epistemology, hermeneutics. Conclusions. The article concludes that the implementation of somatic law should be based on the principle of a responsible attitude towards it. In this regard, the article analyzes the process of forming a person’s responsible attitude towards his body from a psychological and pedagogical perspective. The specifics of body image formation in adolescents have been studied. Deviations and pathologies in the process of a person’s acceptance of himself and his own body are shown, ultimately provoking the desire for radical experiments with it. The paper concludes that there is a need for further scientific development of somatic legal consciousness and the formation in the educational environment of a student’s body image through effective legal education, the formation of students with the necessary legal attitudes, legal ideology, and value ideas — in order to prevent the occurrence of deformations of legal consciousness and spiritual personality defects. The approach to legal socialization must be implemented in the educational process based on a semantic, ideological approach to law. Scientific and practical significance. A qualitatively new perspective on the study of somatic rights through the prism of consciousness made it possible to identify the value foundations of somatic rights and its ideological specifics. The article is aimed at conceptualizing the research activities of scientists, lawyers, teachers and psychologists. The author comes to the conclusion about the need for further scientific and theoretical developments and scientific and practical studies of somatic legal consciousness, their implementation in the educational process in order to form and develop students’ body image, through legal education, modeling the necessary legal guidelines, legal ideology, culture in order to prevent the emergence of deformations of legal consciousness and the achievement of harmony in civil societ y and the rule of law.

The legal attitudes of continental aviation toward sustainable aircraft technologies and airport infrastructures

The legal attitudes of continental aviation toward sustainable aircraft technologies and airport infrastructures

The legal attitudes of continental aviation toward sustainable aircraft technologies and airport infrastructures

The legal attitudes of continental aviation toward sustainable aircraft technologies and airport infrastructures

Formulation of Underage Marriage in The Perspective of Islamic Law and Legal Sociology

The child's independence in pursuing ideals and realizing success for the future is a desire for parents and the country. This can be achieved when the child has carried out a good learning process that can be taken through the formal or informal level. However, the irony that occurs if a child's dream of becoming a person is useful for the future, religion, and the state must be cut off with what happens, such as marriages that are still not on time or underage marriages. This research aims to analyze underage marriages from the perspective of Islamic law and understand the benchmarks of legal awareness in society to minimize the occurrence of underage marriages and to know the implications of underage marriages. This study is library research using a qualitative approach. The results show that Marriage is a strong bond or mitsqon golidhon carried out by couples who have met the age limit or baligh, but marriages, carried out by someone who is underage must be based on a recommendation through a marriage dispensation issued by a religious court. Second, community indicators in realizing legal knowledge and understanding will form a stable legal attitude so that they can apply patterns of legal behavior. Third, the implications of underage marriage include the disruption of compulsory education, Fulfillment of subsistence, which is not optimal for the families, diversion of responsibility to parents because they have not been able to work properly, Reproductive health conditions are still vulnerable due to lack of good nutrition and give rise to poverty and vulnerability to divorce.

К вопросу о правовом режиме земель лечебно-оздоровительных местностей и курортов

This article examines the uncertainty surrounding the legal regime of therapeutic and health areas and resorts. Opposing legal attitudes at both the executive and judicial levels have been identified. One approach is based on extending the legal regime of specially protected natural territories to therapeutic and health areas and resorts created before 30 December 2013. The other confers on them an independent legal regime, distinct from the regime of specially protected natural territories which is more demanding. The difference between these views manifests itself in addressing a number of issues. To ensure legal certainty, alternative recommendations are formulated for resolving the collision of opposite views regarding the legal regime of therapeutic and health areas and resorts through amendments to legislation.

Impact of early-life lead exposure on adult delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol sensitivity in male and female C57BL6/J mice

Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cannabis use are two of the largest public health issues facing modern society in the United States and around the world. Exposure to Pb in early life has been unequivocally shown to have negative impacts on development, and recent research is mounting showing that it may also predispose individuals for risk of developing substance use disorders (SUD). At the same time, societal and legal attitudes towards cannabis (the main psychoactive component of which is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) have been shifting, and many American states have legalized the recreational use of cannabis. It is also the 3rd most widely used drug of abuse in the US, and rates of cannabis use disorder are on the rise. Here we establish a link between early life Pb exposure and later THC-related behavior in C57BL6/J mice, as has been demonstrated for other drugs of abuse. The study seeks to answer whether Pb exposure affects physiological/behavioral THC sensitivity (as measured by the cannabinoid-induced tetrad). It was hypothesized that Pb exposure would decrease THC sensitivity and that sex-dependent effects of Pb-exposure and THC would be observed. Interestingly, results showed that THC sensitivity was increased by Pb exposure, but only in female mice. Future research will fully explore the implications of these findings, namely how these effects impact THC self-administration and the mechanism(s) by which developmental Pb exposure produces these effects.

Society's Perception of Marital Rape and Its Impact on the Legal Attitudes of Muslim Women

Society's Perception of Marital Rape and Its Impact on the Legal Attitudes of Muslim Women

Tinjauan Hukum atas Penggunaan Cryptocurrency atau Mata Uang Kripto Sebagai Alat Pembayaran di Indonesia

The presence of crypto coins as a new thing in society certainly requires a legal attitude. The rapid development of crypto coins makes many people believe that crypto coins will become a means of payment in the future. This study aims to find out the arrangements regarding payment instruments in Indonesia and the legal consequences if crypto coins are used as payment instruments in Indonesia. this writing uses Normative Legal Research, namely research with assessment through literature studies based on primary and secondary legal materials. The problem approach used is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this study show concretely that crypto coins are illegitimate means of payment. The use of crypto coins as a means of payment in Indonesia is not in accordance with the law and is an act that is against the law so that it can lead to legal consequences. Crypto coins do not have a legal basis to be used as a means of payment in Indonesia. Payments using crypto coins which are prohibited by law are considered illegal payments so they can be subject to sanctions
 Keyword: Payment Tools, buying and selling, Crypto Coins.

Tinjauan Hukum atas Penggunaan Cryptocurrency atau Mata Uang Kripto Sebagai Alat Pembayaran di Indonesia

The presence of crypto coins as a new thing in society certainly requires a legal attitude. The rapid development of crypto coins makes many people believe that crypto coins will become a means of payment in the future. This study aims to find out the arrangements regarding payment instruments in Indonesia and the legal consequences if crypto coins are used as payment instruments in Indonesia. this writing uses Normative Legal Research, namely research with assessment through literature studies based on primary and secondary legal materials. The problem approach used is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this study show concretely that crypto coins are illegitimate means of payment. The use of crypto coins as a means of payment in Indonesia is not in accordance with the law and is an act that is against the law so that it can lead to legal consequences. Crypto coins do not have a legal basis to be used as a means of payment in Indonesia. Payments using crypto coins which are prohibited by law are considered illegal payments so they can be subject to sanctions