Legacy Planning Research Articles

Private Foundations in the United Arab Emirates: Empowering Family Wealth Management Strategies

Abstract Private Foundations have become an indispensable tool for ultra-high-net-worth individuals (“UHNWIs”) and their families in the United Arab Emirates (“UAE”) seeking to optimize their wealth and legacy planning strategies. In the dynamic landscape of wealth management, Middle Eastern entrepreneurial families have long relied on foreign offshore Trusts and Foundations as an essential tool for safeguarding assets and preserving intergenerational continuity. These structures, while effective for assets located abroad, have encountered limitations when it comes to regionally based assets such as shares in core businesses or real estate. However, following a dramatic revamp and expansion of its regulatory framework during the past decade, the United Arab Emirates currently offers arguably the most comprehensive and sophisticated tool chest of wealth structuring/business continuity solutions in the world. Private Foundations in the UAE have marked a significant milestone in the UAE legal framework with over 1,000 Foundations under management. This article delves into the landscape of Private Foundations in the UAE, focusing on their role in asset protection and portfolio restructuring for family wealth preservation. Drawing upon the unique characteristics of Trusts & Trustees’ approach, the authors provide valuable insights into the recognition, regulation and operational dynamics of Private Foundations within the country’s business-oriented framework.

Economic Impact of Major Sporting Events on Local Economies

Purpose: This study sought to explore the economic impact of major sporting events on local economies. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the economic impact of major sporting events on local economies. Preliminary empirical review revealed that while such events often yielded significant short-term economic benefits, including increased tourism revenue and job creation, their long-term sustainability remained uncertain due to common challenges like cost overruns and underutilized infrastructure. Factors such as event scale, location, and management influenced the extent of economic impact, with effective planning and stakeholder engagement playing crucial roles. Legacy planning and sustainable development strategies were deemed essential for maximizing economic benefits beyond the event itself, with a focus on inclusivity and social equity. The study emphasized the importance of ongoing research and evaluation to inform future decision-making processes regarding event hosting and resource allocation. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Urban Economics theory, Tourism Economics theory and Public Finance theory may be used to anchor future studies on the economic impact of major sporting events on local economies. Researchers emphasized the importance of conducting comprehensive economic impact assessments prior to hosting events, facilitating informed decision-making. Legacy planning and sustainable development strategies were advocated to ensure that event-related investments contributed to long-term economic development. Stakeholder engagement and collaboration were prioritized to distribute economic benefits equitably. Diversifying revenue streams and leveraging ancillary economic opportunities were recommended to maximize economic benefits. Additionally, promoting destination branding and tourism development was highlighted as a key strategy for attracting investment and business opportunities. Policymakers were advised to adopt a holistic approach to event planning, integrating economic, social, cultural, and environmental considerations to host successful and sustainable events.

Volunteering Legacies from the Olympic Games: Missed Opportunities

This paper examines how far a post-event volunteering legacy is facilitated by event organising committees leveraging existing volunteering infrastructure in host communities. The paper uses the lens of regulatory capitalism to examine how the organising committees of the Sydney 2000 and London 2012 Olympic Games engaged with the third sector, and specifically the volunteering infrastructure of the host nations, in the planning, delivery and post-event phases to create a volunteering legacy for the host community. The two case studies involved 27 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders representing the organising committees and the volunteering infrastructure in the host cities. While the Sydney Olympics had no specific remit for legacy planning, the third sector led legacy efforts in Australia. At the London Olympics, there was a failure to engage with the third sector, which limited government-led legacy planning and implementation. In the latter case, the framework of regulatory capitalism prioritised contracts with the private sector over meaningful engagement with the third sector.

Post-mortem information management: exploring contextual factors in appropriate personal data access after death

ABSTRACT With the increasing size and complexity of personal information and data landscapes, there is a need for guidance and support in the appropriate management of a deceased person’s postmortem privacy and digital legacy. However, most people engage poorly with existing mechanisms for specifying and planning for access and suitable usage of their own data. We report on two studies exploring the ways in which contextual factors such as the accessor and the data type may affect the appropriateness of personal data flows differently during life and after death. Our findings indicate that suitable data access after death is highly individual and contextual, with differences in appropriateness between during-life and after-death data flows significantly affected by the accessor and the data type in question. We identify that ambiguous accessor motivation, failure to communicate intent, changing temporal context and latent data values further complicate the act of digital legacy planning. Our findings also provide further evidence for the existence of a postmortem privacy paradox in which reported user behaviors do not reflect intent. With this in mind, we offer design recommendations for the integration of digital legacy planning functionality within Personal Information Management (PIM) and Group Information Management (GIM) systems.

Effectiveness of Legacy Network Governance through Pre-event Legacy Planning: The World Masters Games 2021 Kansai

Effectiveness of Legacy Network Governance through Pre-event Legacy Planning: The World Masters Games 2021 Kansai

“Bad memories and a big debt—not a legacy I want to leave.” Patient perspectives on cancer treatment choices, cost of care, and legacy goals.

283 Background: Legacy—how one hopes to be remembered and how one impacts others after death—is an unexplored and important dimension of care decision-making for people facing serious illness. This study examined 1) how people with cancer facing serious illness conceive of legacy, 2) the types of treatment choices people make with legacy in mind and 3) if and how patients want to discuss their legacy goals with their care team. Methods: We conducted a scoping literature review to characterize the legacy construct and identify legacy-related treatment choices. We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with cancer patients at an integrated health system who had received at least 1 palliative care consult in the past year. Interview topics included patient definitions of legacy, the importance of legacy over time, and what mattered most as they made treatment choices. We used Atlas.ti to thematically analyze interview transcripts. Results: In the scoping review, we identified three major intersecting legacy goals that influence patients’ care choices: being remembered as an individual, being remembered for one’s social role, and impacting others' well-being. Financial legacy—the material artifacts related to one’s estate—cut across all three legacy domains and emerged as a substantial factor at the intersection of care decision-making and legacy planning. In qualitative interviews, many people worried that the cost of care and necessary medications would negatively impact the legacy they were able to leave behind. Examples included choosing less expensive or forgoing treatment to preserve their financial legacy (e.g. not wanting to lose their house because of medical costs); feeling shame at experiencing financial hardship due to cancer care costs (“I don’t want to be remembered begging people for gas money to get to my appointments”); and death planning with cost in mind (“I don’t want to leave a horrible mess behind.”). Few people had discussed their legacy goals with their health care team, but many wanted support to do so, especially as these goals were threatened by high out of pocket costs. Conclusions: People with cancer consider their legacy goals, and in particular their financial legacy, as they make treatment choices. Further work is needed to identify how and for whom legacy goals should be addressed as part of patient-centered care, including for whom legacy and financial legacy is most important.

Life and Times of Personal Information Management: Memento, Memory, or Memento Mori?

ABSTRACTThis panel/round‐table discussion will explore contemporary challenges within our everyday personal information management practices when it comes to how we select, store, and prepare our life histories for ourselves and others. With all the affordances and access provided by digital technologies, we collect information across a variety of platforms, modes, and mediums, be they documents, text files, images, or audio. Not all of this information is meaningful to us in the long‐term, but nevertheless, some of our most valuable information does get entangled in this chaos. Issues discussed include maintaining, organizing, and accessing our information, not to mention how others access what we want to pass on to them. Challenges include technological obsolescence, privacy concerns, cultural and generational changes, family dynamics, and even memory loss as we age. We will also explore solutions and propose an ‘idea box’ for how we can prepare for the future of our personal information, such as creating and implementing information legacy plans, digitization, storage, and access permissions.

Leaving a Legacy: Allied Health Professionals' Perceptions of Fertility Preservation and Posthumous Reproduction for Adolescent and Young Adults with a Poor Cancer Prognosis.

Purpose: To explore Allied Health Professionals' (AHPs) experiences with and perceptions of posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR) among adolescent and young adults (AYA, ages 15-39) with a poor cancer prognosis. Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of video-based 90-minute focus groups (FGs) of AHPs who participated in the Enriching Communication Skills for Health Professionals in Oncofertility (ECHO) training program from May to August 2021. Moderator-facilitated discussions were guided by topics related to experiences around discussions and utilization of PAR among AYA with a poor cancer prognosis. Thematic analysis was conducted using the constant comparison method. Results: Forty-three AHPs participated in one of seven FGs. Three themes emerged: (1) PAR as palliative care: preserving patient's legacy for their partner, siblings, and parents; (2) ethical and legal considerations for balancing patient's time-sensitive needs; and (3) barriers AHPs encounter navigating complex dynamics of care in this population. Subthemes included an emphasis on patient autonomy, a multidisciplinary approach to counseling, early initiation of fertility discussions continuing over time, documenting reproductive desires, and concerns for family and offspring after patient death. Conclusions: AHPs desired timely conversations on reproductive legacy and family planning. In the absence of institutional policies, training, and resources, AHPs emphasized feeling ill-equipped to navigate the complex dynamics between patients, families, and colleagues. The development of transparent institutional policies, implementation of multidisciplinary care teams, and oversight with ethics committees may improve the provision of reproductive health care and/or end-of-life care for AYA with a poor cancer prognosis and their families.

A novel approach to legacy donations with long‐term benefits supported by numerical illustrations

AbstractPhilanthropic donors face challenges in matching the causes to which they donate, the time horizon—and thus impact—of their donations, and the charitable vehicles they choose for making contributions. Wealthier donors may elect to create their own foundations and customize their charitable support. Less wealthy donors have limited choices: they may contribute to a nonprofit's current operations or to existing nonprofit endowments. We present a novel approach for making charitable donations, blending aspects of each of these strategies. Our approach has potential long‐term financial benefits, allows donors to control their charitable donations in a convenient and easy‐to‐implement manner, can be established through an existing nonprofit organization, expands opportunities for more donors because it requires a smaller corpus contribution with lower management costs than creating a foundation, provides tax savings in the United States and other countries (e.g., the UK, Canada, and Australia) comparable to other planned giving vehicles, and may be implemented during one's lifetime using donor advised funds or as part of a legacy plan through the donor's estate documents, which is when the long‐term benefits accrue.

Building the Evidence Base to Update the Key Public Health Considerations for Mass Gatherings Evaluation and Legacy

Introduction:Leaving a viable public health legacy and sustainable improvements in health infrastructure and capacity should be key for mass gatherings (MGs). Legacy includes improvements in health systems, health behaviors and delivering future MGs. Legacy planning and evaluation should be considered early in planning however, they are often neglected due to lack of funding to support, embed learning and maintain a sustainable legacy, and often favored over the event running smoothly.Building on the Public Health for Mass Gatherings: Key Considerations (KC2) (2015), an updated literature review will identify new evidence for evaluating MGs and their legacy. This review will inform the development of updated resources to reflect the changing global health landscape and learning from MGs hosted during COVID-19, which can inform ways of better embedding legacy and evaluation in planning and post-event.Method:A systematic literature review methodology will be used. Electronic databases will be searched for relevant publications and grey literature of a wide range of MGs globally, focusing on evaluations, MG legacies, and impacts. Searches for specific technical areas e.g., surveillance, will also take place.Results:The literature review undertaken to develop the KC2 chapter identified limited publications. The increased interest in this field, should lead to an improved evidence base while recognizing evidence for long-term evaluation and legacy impact may still be more restricted due to the challenges of undertaking these studies. Recent literature will likely reflect work undertaken to deliver MGs during COVID-19, which will be included to identify good practice and transferable learning.Conclusion:Key findings of the review will be published, and the evidence base will be used to update the evaluation and legacy chapter of the KC2. There are also plans to develop a MG evaluation and legacy tool that will be applicable beyond the major high-profile funded events.

Shifting forest landownership interests over the life-course of female forest landowners in rural Georgia, United States

This qualitative study uses open-ended responses from ninety-four female forest landowners in Georgia, United States, to analyze their unique experiences with forest landownership. By focusing on the most frequently mentioned themes – forest management and income, family legacy, and conservation - we expose a broad range of female forest landowners’ experiences. Acknowledging that these three themes might be relevant to any forest landowner and age group, we draw a typology based on life-course junctures to show that the focus on specific aspects of their forest landownership shifts with age. We conceptualized three age-based typologies of female forest landowners: (1) pre-retirement (<65) female forest landowners who mainly focused on forest management and generating additional forest-based income; (2) post-retirement (65–74) female forest landowners who shift their attention to family connections and legacy planning; and (3) elderly (>75) female forest landowners who focus more on forest conservation. We also show that the interests of male forest landowners differ substantially from female forest landowners, whose interests consistently centered around forest management topics such as maintenance, timber harvest, and taxation throughout their life-course. Our findings offer important insights into female forest landowners in the southern United States.

Data-Driven Multiobjective Optimization for Massive MIMO and Hyperdensification Empowered 5G Planning under Realistic Network Environment

To accommodate the increasing data rate demand, the fifth-generation (5G) cellular network came up with new technological advancements including massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) and hyperdensification which can significantly boost network capacity. On the other hand, the introduction of these technologies along with their heterogeneity brings a challenge in terms of network operators’ need to identify a cost-effective optimal deployment approach which is hardly entertained by the legacy planning and optimization method. Hence, to leverage the core benefits of those technologies in a cost-effective manner, we need a holistic planning framework that takes into account their coverage, capacity and cost impact, and realistic spatiotemporal distribution of users. In this work, we present a data-driven multiobjective optimization planning framework that can be used not only for small cells but also for massive MIMO. The planning framework is illustrated using a 5G planning case study for a service area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, considering its realistic network data that is collected from the network management system and different potential identified deployment options. Ray tracing is employed to compute propagation, and users and demands are distributed based on the realistic network data. A two-stage optimization and a joint optimization are applied to identify points that provide optimal network performance. Simulation results reveal that the planning method provides Pareto points for different deployment options that can significantly improve the performance of the existing network while reducing the total network cost.

Sustainable land use and green ecology: A case from the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics venue legacy

According to the Olympic Charter, the construction of new permanent venues or infrastructure for the purposes of the organization of the Olympics shall only be considered on the basis of sustainable legacy plans. However, as time passes, the Olympic legacies grow increasingly unsustainable and create conflicts between humans and nature. This perspective examined the spatial distribution of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics venue legacy. We presented a spatial assessment of Olympic venues’ legacy experience in terms of construction and sustainability. The findings indicate that the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics venues incorporated sustainable land management and green ecology concepts from the Olympic Movement, and that the legacy could serve as an example for future development of Olympic infrastructure, natural sites, and resource management.

월드 엑스포 사후활용에 관한 연구 : 2030 부산 월드 엑스포를 중심으로

Purpose - This study aims to derive implications based on previous World Expo Legacy plan cases, examine the degree of awareness of the Legacy plan of the 2030 BUSAN World Expo, and suggest a Legacy plan for the 2030 BUSAN World Expo. Design, data, and methodology -Accordingly, this study analyzed the cases of the Seville Expo, Hannover Expo, Aichi Expo, and Shanghai Expo among the previous World Expo, and interviewed five expo experts with high understanding of the Expo. Result - Based on the opinions of expo experts, the study showed that the expo should be reviewed in detail from the preparation stage to the Legacy plan, and that tangible and intangible Legacy should be created in harmony. Conclusions - These results promote long-term national economic development by establishing various infrastructure and expanding transportation networks, and create positive Legacy in various areas such as revitalizing the local economy, enhancing the image of the city, creating a sense of unity and self-esteem of local residents, and educational effects for future generations.

How prepared are people for their future? Findings from the Preparedness for the Future survey

Objective: People are living longer than ever before. Many arrive at a later stage of life in poor health and with inadequate financial and social resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe people’s general state of preparedness for their future as older persons, identify specific attitudes towards ageing and key characteristics that portend a lesser degree of preparedness, and identify the issues that need greater emphasis. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: 502 adult participants enlisted on an online polling panel in Canada. Methods: Demographics, attitudes towards the future self and ageing and the responses to the ‘Preparedness for the Future Questionnaire’ (Prep-FQ) were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to highlight overall and domain scores (possible score 0–100). Regression models were used to link key demographic characteristics and attitudes to a lower Prep FQ score. Results: The average age of participants was 54.1 years old (range 30–91). The majority (97%) felt it was important to think about themselves as an older person, yet less than 25% of people regularly spent time thinking about what it would be like for them as an older person. The average score on the Prep FQ was 61.6 (range 25–99). Items with the lowest scores were related to advance serious illness planning (medical care, funeral and legacy planning). Factors associated with a higher Prep FQ score included being female, having more education, thinking about when they are older and feeling positive about themselves as an older person. Conclusion: Helping people think and plan ahead more for healthy ageing may help some people move forward with confidence in creating a long, high-quality life and high-quality death. Helping ‘at-risk’ people plan for serious illness in advance is a high-priority target for improving people’s general state of preparedness for the future.

The Legacy Impact of Business Event - Case Study of ICEdDE 2019

The definitions of legacy and various tools of measuring legacy impacts from different perspectives were reviewed. Sarawak Convention Bureau’s initiative to enhance business events with a legacy programme as catalysts to the Sarawak Government Development Plan towards 2030 along the seven key focus areas and the United Nation 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has established five pillars of legacy impacts. Using the BESLegacy Initiative Guideline, the strategic pursuit of measuring the legacy impacts of the 1st International Conference on Education in the Digital Ecosystem (ICEdDE) 2019 were mapped. Methodologically, this paper is based on a case study. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected supplemented by official documents. In the framework of planning to measure immediate outcomes, short, medium and long-term legacy impacts, the legacy plan provided evidence of being able to function as a model for forecasting the tangible and intangible impacts of the ICEdDE 2019. The immediate outcomes and short-term impacts were assessed using a questionnaire gathered from Sarawak participants. The respondents agreed to strongly agreed to the immediate impacts that the conventions had on them based on the eight domains. From the perspectives of convention host and the delegates, it was still very much traditionally perceived that the biggest value from conventions came from Knowledge Expansion. This was the main reason for wanting to attend the convention to listen to the deliberations of knowledge that was new or created through collaborations and shared from presenters particularly the keynote, plenary and invited speakers. They agreed networking and relationship building was also a motivator. In a broader outlook, only the host indicated other domains of Fundraising and Philanthropic support, Raising Awareness and Profiling and Trade though exhibitions as immediate and long-term impact which could be quantified and measured. However, the delegates pre-conceived such domains as secondary. The case study on ICEdDE 2019 measuring the short, medium, and long-term legacy impacts was able to show significant contribution to the development of Sarawak digital economy in education and service development industry towards achieving 5 United Nation SDGs.

A Pre-Game Evaluation of the Tourism Legacy Of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

The role of tourism in social and economic development and stabilizing the Olympic legacy has been widely discussed. Beijing is the first “Dual-Olympic City”. For the first time, the Beijing Winter Olympics has adopted a model of three competition areas, which has attracted much attention to the study of its tourism legacy. In the legacy plan, the construction of the “Beijing-Zhangjiakou Sports Culture and Tourism Belt” was proposed. The development of ice and snow tourism and the cultivation of the ice and snow tourism market is also reflected in many policy documents and government actions. The scientific planning before the competition laid a good foundation for the sustainable development of its ice and snow tourism heritage. This research combines Olympic legacy research with tourism destination theory, and focuses on ice and snow tourism directly related to the Winter Olympics and the significance of pre-event planning for legacy protection. At the same time, the improvement of the quality of ice and snow tourism destinations is embedded in the pre-Olympic legacy, and opinions and suggestions on how to ensure the stability of the legacy after the games are given. This study uses the literature review method and the second-hand materials survey research method, then through establishing a tourism legacy pre-game evaluation model and the use of geographic information, government reports, policies, publicly released statistics and news reports, etc.. It explores the legacy of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, aiming to lay the foundation for preserving the continuous value of the ice and snow tourism legacy during and after the Olympics. The results indicate that the Beijing Winter Olympics has made relatively complete plans and reliable progress in both tangible and intangible legacy. Complete tourism infrastructure, an optimistic sport and cultural atmosphere, and the improvement of residents' health concept and sports awareness have become boosters for the development of ice and snow tourism in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou region.

Static Electricity: Institutional and Ideational Barriers to China’s Market Reforms

China’s “economic juggernaut” is often noted to have arisen from successful market reforms carried out in the context of high state capacity. In contrast, we demonstrate that crucial reforms to replace central planning with markets have stalled as a result of major barriers of two types: institutional and ideational. Focusing on the electricity sector, we find that market reforms pushed by China’s central government are hindered by deep inefficiencies that arise from the legacy plan and “plan-derived” institutions of subnational governments and grid companies, against which the central state has been largely ineffective. We also uncover fascinating ideational differences of the nature and purpose of “markets” that show how they often are envisioned more as a way to extend the planner’s “toolbox,” or to offer “salvation” for ailing incumbent firms, rather than to induce efficiency. Our empirical focus on three prominent types of “market-oriented” experiments in the electric power sector demonstrate clear limits to state capacity, limits that emanate from state actors rather than merely industry, despite high-priority central government goals of increasing efficiency, integrating renewable energy, and reducing emissions from the electricity sector.

The Perceived Sustainability of Sports and Social Legacy Goals of Beijing Summer and Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games

Inspired by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Legacy Strategic Approach, Beijing 2022 issued the Legacy Plan of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games as a continuing effort from the 2008 Beijing Olympics “to promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities, regions and countries” (IOC, 2020). Using a qualitative approach guided by Asper’s (2009) empirical phenomenology and Alase’s (2017) interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), the author interviewed the Olympic officials in legacy planning for the 2008 Summer Games and/or the 2022 Winter Games, the scholars in Olympic studies, and a journalist reporting the Olympic legacy related news in Beijing. The narratives presented the interviewees’ positive experiences and perceptions in most of the sustainability inquiries of the “soft” legacy goals. The results revealed that the Olympic and Paralympic ideals had been well appreciated by the mass public since Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Games and the sports and social legacies from the Games had been carried forward to Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. At the same time, a gap existed between urban and rural, especially on the sustainability of the legacy goals concerning people with disabilities.

2024강원동계청소년올림픽대회 성공 개최를 위한 과제 및 추진 전략

The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements for the successful hosting of the 2024 Gangwon Winter Youth Olympic Games and formulate the corresponding strategic plans. The Bid Committee from Korea, which consisted of the Ministry, Gangwon Province, and the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee, succeeded in being awarded the 2024 Winter Youth Olympic Games in Korea at the 135th IOC Session in January, 2020. This event will happen from January 19th to February 2nd in 2024. For this qualitative research, eight research participants were selected via the criteria group method for in-depth interviews, complemented by the study of papers and reports. The findings revealed the following four requirements. Firstly, public relations should be utilized to promote the event nationally and internationally. Secondly, it is necessary to select the appropriate events and competition venues. Thirdly, plans should be formalized to ensure the safety during the event for everyone. Lastly, while considering the legacy plan, a culture and education program for the youth should be prepared. The subsequent four strategic plans have been formulated in relation to the requirements. Firstly, online platforms should be the main focus to promote the event while advertising K-Culture. Secondly, to select the right events and venues, priority should be given to creating a friendly environment for the host country and participants while minimizing costs. Thirdly, safety plans from other international competitions should be studied and the Korean government should prepare multilateral measures to ensure safety. Lastly, not only a culture and education program for the target group but also a sustainable legacy for the youth must be established.