Leg Strength Test Research Articles

The Effect of Plyometric Training on Biomotoric Characteristics of 10-13 Age Taekwondo Athletes

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of plyometric training on the biomotoric characteristics of 10-12-year-old taekwondo athletes. The control group of taekwondo athletes in the 10-13 age category in Isparta province, 5 male, 7 female, total 12, and the experimental group of 7 male, 6 female, total 13 competitive athletes participated in the study by obtaining 'parental information and consent form'. The experimental group in the study received regular plyometric training in addition to routine taekwondo training for 8 weeks, while the control group continued their routine taekwondo training programs. In the study, pre-test measurements were taken before the athletes started their training programs and post-test measurements were taken after the 8th week of the training programs were completed. Height and body weight measurements, BMI measurements, jump test, filamingo balance test, sit-reach-extend flexibility test, right and left hand grip test, leg strength test, back strength test, 20 meter sprint test and 20 meter shuttle run (Max.VO2) tests were applied to the athletes. Statistical package program was used to evaluate the statistical analyses of the study. In our study, age and gender frequency values and descriptive statistics values of age, height, weight, BMI and sport age of taekwondo athletes in the control group and experimental group were presented in tables. Paired Samples t-Tests were used to compare the pre-test and post-test values of weight, BMI, and biomotoric measurement test values of taekwondo athletes within groups, and One-Way ANOVA tests were used to compare the pre-test and post-test values between groups. As a result, it was determined that plyometric training with a taekwondo theme caused a significant improvement in the physical and biomotoric characteristics of the athletes. In this regard, it is believed that the training and competition performances of the athletes will also improve at a certain level.

Effect of Character Dance Steps in Turkish Folk Dances on Some Physical Fitness Levels

This research was conducted in öder to examine the effect of character dance steps determined from Kırşehir region dances, which are applied within the folk dance trainings held regularly for eight weeks, on the physical fitness of the athletes. A total of 20 volunteers were included in the sample group of the study (male; n=10, age;11±08, female; n=10 age 11±08). The sample size of the study was determined by Gpower analysis. The effectiveness of the character dance steps determined from the Kırşehir region dances on the physical levels of the participants was the subject of the research. In the experimental research, some physical fitness tests were applied to the participants. In assessing aerobic fitness; Harvard step test is used to evaluate strength; Hand grip test and leg strength test are used to evaluate agility; T test, in measurements of balance performance; Standing Strong and flamingo balance tests. Jump Test was used to evaluate anaerobic power. All data were analyzed in the IBM-SPSS 25 statistical program. The findings obtained in this study; In the trainings conducted with character dance steps determined from the Kırşehir regional dances, significance was observed in the aerobic capacities, strength variables and agility abilities of male and female Folk Dance performance athletes aged 11-14 who were trained at the secondary education level (p < α=0.05). These results showed that the selected character dance steps studies significantly improved physical fitness in the participants.

Physical activity has a stronger correlation with arterial stiffness than strength, balance, or BMI in an older population.

Background: Arterial stiffness is associated with an array of debilitating health conditions. While exercise typically has beneficial effects on both arterial stiffness and overall health, more research is needed to understand the associations of different types of fitness indices with arterial stiffness. Aim: To investigate the relationship between balance, strength, cardiovascular fitness and physical activity with arterial stiffness (as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV)) in older adults. Method: Eighty retirement-village residents (24 males, 56 females, age: 78.2 ± 6.4years, weight: 69.4 ± 12.5kg, height: 162.9 ± 8.5cm) completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey, PWV measurement, 30-s sit-to-stand leg strength test, hand grip strength assessment, 4-stage balance test, and a 6-min walk fitness test. The number of exiting risk factors (smoking, previous heart incidents, previous stroke(s), having hypertension, or taking anti-hypertension medication) were tallied. Pearson's correlations were used to assess the relationship between PWV and health and fitness parameters. Results were interpreted using qualitative inference. Results: The number of risk factors (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), age (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.50, p = 0.001) had strong, harmful associations with PWV. Total physical activity minutes/week (r = -0.31 p = 0.01), total energy expenditure Kcal/week (r = -0.30, p = 0.01), and the 6-min walk test (r = -0.29, p = 0.01) had a moderate, beneficial association with PWV, while sit-to-stand (r = -0.27, p = 0.02) and balance (r = -0.27, p = 0.01) had a weak, beneficial association with PWV. Hand grip strength (r = 0.02, p = 0.94) and body mass index (r = -0.04, p = 0.75) had no significant associations with PWV. Discussion: All measured fitness indices had beneficial associations with PWV. However, having more risk factors, increased age, and higher systolic blood pressure had significant (harmful) associations with PWV in our older population. Conclusion: Controlling cardiovascular risk factors, especially high systolic blood pressure, is likely to have the largest beneficial effect on PWV. Improving general physical activity, including walking capacity, may prove beneficial in improving PWV in an older population.

Analysis of Physical Performance Parameters According to Playing Positions of Amputee Football Players

This study examines the physical performance parameters of amputee football players during a season according to their playing positions. A total of 16 amputee football players participated in this study. Hand grip strength, back, leg, arm strength, visual reaction, 10-20-30m sprint, flexibility tests, resting heart rate, and maximal heart rate measurements performed at the beginning, mid-season, and the end of the season. Seasonally significant differences were determined in defenders' left-hand grip, back, leg, and arm strength tests, and 10-20-30m sprint test scores. Moreover, seasonal significant differences were found in the test scores of the back, leg, arm strength, right-hand visual reaction, 10-20-30m sprint, and flexibility of midfield players. Significant differences were found in strikers' right- and left-hand grip, back, leg, and arm strength, and 20-30m sprints test mean scores. It was determined that the annual training plan had different positive contributions to the players' physical performance according to their playing positions. During the competition season, performance changes were determined by the midfielders' reaction, strength, flexibility, and sprint and the strength and sprint performance of the forwards and defenders.

Hip Pain and Physical Therapy Nonarthritic Hip Pain: What Is It? What Should I Do About It? How Do I Get Back to My Regular Activities?

Hip pain can have many causes, both arthritic and non-arthritic. Experts in managing hip pain developed a guideline to help rehabilitation clinicians help you understand more about hip pain. Here we explain what physical therapy might offer you if you have hip pain and arthritis has been ruled out. You will find out about some of the leg strength and balance tests your physical therapist might ask you to do, and exercises to help alleviate your hip pain and improve your strength, movement and balance.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(10):1-2. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.12236.

Hip Pain and Physical Therapy Nonarthritic Hip Pain: What Is It? What Should I Do About It? How Do I Get Back to My Regular Activities?

Hip pain can have many causes, both arthritic and non-arthritic. Experts in managing hip pain developed a guideline to help rehabilitation clinicians help you understand more about hip pain. Here we explain what physical therapy might offer you if you have hip pain and arthritis has been ruled out. You will find out about some of the leg strength and balance tests your physical therapist might ask you to do, and exercises to help alleviate your hip pain and improve your strength, movement and balance.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(10):643-644. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.0506.

An Investigation of the Effects of Some Parameters on the Shooting Performance of Air Rifle Shooters in Terms of Gender and Level of Competition

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of some parameters on the shooting performance of air rifle shootersin terms of gender and level of competition. To achieve this, 20 air rifle shooters who ranked in the Air Guns Turkey Cup and Air Guns Turkey Championships volunteered for the study. In this study, the height and body composition of the participants were measured, and then grip strength, back and leg strength, heart rate, flexibility, vital capacity, static balance, dynamic balance, and reaction time tests were performed. One (1) series, which included ten (10) shots was fired to determine the shooting success of the participants. There found a positive and high statistical significance between the scoresof the elite shooters in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity measurements (r=.656; p&amp;lt;0.05), between the scores of the junior shooters in a series of shots, their measured vital capacity (r=.820; p&amp;lt;0.01), their vital capacity percentage (r=.686; p&amp;lt;0.05), and their right-hand grip strength (r=.703; p&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, while a negative and high significance was acquired between the male participants’ scores in a series of shotsand the right foot dynamic balance (r= -790; p&amp;lt;0.05), there was a positive and high correlation between the scores of female participants in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity (r=.704; p&amp;lt;0.05). As a result, it was concluded that some performance parameters in terms of gender and level of competition affected the shooting performance of the participants.

The Effect of Twelve-Week Karate and Salsa Dance Training on the Physical Fitness Performance of University Students

This study was performed to determine the effect of 12-weeks Karate and Salsa Dance training on the physical fitness performances of university students. A total of 124 students (age: 21.35 ± 1.59 year; height: 1.70 ± 0.08 cm; body weight: 67.1 ± 10.78 kg) have voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were divided into three groups using a random coin toss. The numbers of Karate group (KG), the Salsa Dance Group (SDG) and Control Group (COG) are 43 people (20 female, 23 male), 40 people (17 female, 23 male) and 41 people (12 female, 29 male), respectively. Technical training programs including two days a week and 90 minutes a day for 12 weeks were applied to the KG and SDG members accepting to the study. Body weight, height measurement, BMI calculation, bass stick balance test, handgrip strength test in upper and lower extremity strength measurements, wall squat leg strength test and plate tapping test for movement speed were performed to all participants before and after 12 weeks training. Since the data did not show normal distribution, Kruskal Wallis test was used in more than two groups and Mann Whitney-U test was used in binary comparisons. Looking at the results of KG and SDG, it was found that the BMI and muscle strength values of KG were better than the SDG values (p= .00). It was determined that the static balance values of SDG were higher than KG (p= 0.00). However, there was no significant difference between the movement speed of both groups (p&amp;gt; .05). All physical fitness parameters of both groups were found to be better than COG. We can suggest that sedentary individuals can benefit from karate technique training in gaining muscle strength. In addition, we can emphasize that it may be more appropriate to use salsa dance training in the development of static balance.

FP.06 Use of an exercise challenge system to define a universal proteomic signature of muscle injury in a diverse set of adults with inherited myopathy

Several inherited myopathies are defined by an enhanced injury response to exercise. However, current understanding of muscle injury depending on the underlying genetic lesion is poorly understood. We used an established exercise intervention along with the SOMAscan 7K platform to characterize serum proteomic signatures of exercise-induced muscle injury in a diverse set of adults with myopathy. Participants included healthy volunteers, Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies R9 (LGMDR9) and R12 (LGMDR12), and McArdle disease (McA). Muscle injury was induced by an exercise challenge consisting of high-intensity interval cycling exercise followed by a leg strength test, which has been shown to cause injury in BMD and McA. Blood samples were collected before exercise and at intervals of up to 24 hours post-exercise. We identified an indication-independent novel cluster of 27 plasma-based biomarkers that distinguished pre-exercise myopathy individuals from healthy controls. The exercise response of this distinguishing cluster revealed two subsets of proteins, those that further changed after exercise and those that were exercise-independent. Exercise-dependent biomarkers demonstrated a clear time-dependency, with >90% increasing to maximal levels at 2-4 hours post-injury. When comparing indication-specific injury responses, BMD, LGMDR9, and McA revealed a surprising degree of overlap (33 proteins), including 15 proteins that were not increased at baseline in any indication. In comparison, LGMDR12 individuals demonstrated elevated baseline signature markers but no significant injury response. The controls showed no significant biomarker response to the exercise challenge. These data not only provide several new biomarker candidates for distinguishing muscle injury but highlight significant common features between indications, suggesting a common mechanism of muscle injury and breakdown, independent of the underlying pathophysiology.

AGILITY, AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CAPACITIES AND MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE OF MALAY MALE STATE LEVEL RUGBY AND HOCKEY PLAYERS

Fitness for sports has a multifaceted characteristic which includes physiologically independent components such as aerobic and anaerobic capacities, muscular strength, power, speed and agility. The present study investigated the agility, aerobic and anaerobic capacities and muscular performance of Malay male state level rugby and hockey players and sedentary individuals as control. Thirty Malay male participants (Age: 16.1 ± 0.9 years old) were recruited in this study. The participants were divided into three groups: sedentary control, rugby and hockey, with 10 participants per group. All the participants were required to perform the following physical fitness assessments: agility via Illinois agility test, aerobic capacity via 20 m shuttle run, anaerobic capacity via Wingate test, and muscular power via standing long jump and muscular strength measurement via hand grip and back and leg strength tests. The main findings of this study were: 1) rugby group showed significantly higher leg power and aerobic capacity compared to the hockey group, 2) rugby group have significantly higher agility, muscular strength and power, aerobic and anaerobic capacities compared to the sedentary control group, 3) hockey group have significantly higher agility, muscular power, aerobic and anaerobic capacities compared to the sedentary group. We conclude that physical training in rugby and hockey at state level in Kelantan elicited increased physical fitness components among the players compared to their sedentary counter-parts.

Futbol Oynayan 13-14 Yaş Çocuklarında Farklı Antrenman Modellerinin Seçilmiş Bazı Fiziksel Parametrelere Etkisi

The aim of this study is to examine some selected physical parameters of male football players in the 13-14 age group of different 8-week training programs. The football players participating in the study consisted of 4 different groups: plyometric n=12, core n=12, resistance band n=12, control n=12. Wet weight, vertical jump, standing long jump, hand grip strength, back leg strength and leg strength tests were applied to all 4 groups before and after the study. Normality homogeneity test was applied to the obtained data and it was determined that the data showed a normal distribution and Paired-sample T test was applied for paired group comparisons from parametric tests and One-Way Anova test was applied for intergroup comparisons. Obtained findings were tested statistically at p&amp;lt;0.05 significance level. When the pre-test and post-tests were compared as a result of the exercises, a significant change was found in the vertical jump, standing long jump, hand grip strength, back leg strength in all groups compared to the pre-test.

Absolute and relative reliability of SCRuM test battery components assembled for schoolboy rugby players playing competitive rugby in low-resource settings: A pragmatic in-season test-retest approach.

Schoolboy rugby is a popular sport which forms the bedrock of rugby development in many African countries, including Zimbabwe. With burgeoning talent identification programmes, the development of multi-dimensional, logically-validated, and reliable test batteries is essential to inform the objective selection of potentially talented young rugby athletes. This study sought evidence on the absolute and relative test-retest reliability of the component test items in the newly-assembled SCRuM test battery. Utilising a pragmatic test-retest experimental design, a sample of 41 Under-19 schoolboy players playing competitive rugby in the elite Super Eight Schools Rugby League in Harare, Zimbabwe, participated in the study. Physiological and game-specific skills tests which showed good to excellent relative reliability and acceptable absolute reliability, included: 20 m and 40 m speed, L-run, Vertical Jump (VJ), 60 s Push-Up, 2 kg Medicine Ball Chest Throw test (2 kg MBCT), Wall Sit Leg Strength test (WSLS), Repeated High Intensity Exercise test (RHIE), One Repetition Maximum Back Squat (1-RM BS) and Bench Press tests (1-RM BP), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test (Yo-Yo IRT L1), Tackling Proficiency test, Passing Ability Skill test and Running and Catching Ability skill test. All these tests are reliable and warrant inclusion in the SCRuM test battery for possible profiling of U19 schoolboy rugby players during the 'in-season' phase provided there is adequate participant familiarisation and test standardisation. The test-retest ICCs and measurement errors are generalisable to other young athletes in this population, making the tests useful for the evaluation of training and developmental effects of the measured constructs.

Evaluation of Concurrent Validity between a Smartphone Self-Test Prototype and Clinical Instruments for Balance and Leg Strength

The evolving use of sensors to objectively assess movements is a potentially valuable addition to clinical assessments. We have developed a new self-test application prototype, MyBalance, in the context of fall prevention aimed for use by older adults in order to independently assess balance and functional leg strength. The objective of this study was to investigate the new self-test application for concurrent validity between clinical instruments and variables collected with a smartphone. The prototype has two test procedures: static standing balance test in two positions, and leg strength test performed as a sit-to-stand test. Thirty-one older adults were assessed for balance and functional leg strength, in an outpatient physiotherapy setting, using seven different clinical assessments and three sensor-tests. The results show that clinical instruments and sensor measurements correlate to a higher degree for the smartphone leg strength test. For balance tests, only a few moderate correlations were seen in the Feet Together position and no significant correlations for the Semi Tandem Stance. This study served as a first step to develop a smartphone self-test application for older adults to assess functional balance at home. Further research is needed to test validity, reliability, and user-experience of this new self-test application.

Strength-Power Tests are More Effective When Performed After Exhaustive Exercise in Discrimination Between Top-Elite and Elite Wrestlers.

Özbay, S and Ulupinar, S. Strength-power tests are more effective when performed after exhaustive exercise in discrimination between top-elite and elite wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 448-454, 2022-This study aimed (a) to analyze strength-power variables in top-elite and elite wrestlers, (b) to identify which variables allow for discrimination between them, and (c) to investigate whether the results changed when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise. Twenty-six male wrestlers who won medals at the national championship in junior or under-23 categories participated in this study. Athletes who also won medals at the European or World Championship were assessed as top-elite (n = 13), and others as elite (n = 13). Subjects performed the leg and arm Wingate anaerobic test (anaerobic power and capacity), maximum one repetition bench press and squat test (maximal dynamic strength), handgrip and leg strength test (isometric strength), vertical and horizontal jump test (muscle power), and pull-up and push-up (strength endurance) tests. The results showed that top-elite wrestlers produced a higher output in both lower-body and upper-body Wingate average power (relative) than the elite wrestlers when the tests were performed after full rest. However, top-elite wrestlers presented higher results (relative) in all tests, except vertical and horizontal jump tests, when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise. Furthermore, in a discriminant function analysis, the groups were correctly classified at 65.4% when the tests were performed after full rest, whereas the groups were correctly classified at 92.3% when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise. This study indicated that the strength-power tests performed after exhaustive exercise may be more effective in discriminating between top-elite and elite wrestlers.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY FAT AND PHYSICAL FITNESS AMONG ATHLETES

Objective: to evaluate the relationship between dietary fats and physical fitness in young athlete of Pakistan. Methodology: An correlational study conducted in Pakistan Sports Board (PSB) in 2018, after the approval of Director Admin of Pakistan Sports Board (PSB), a total sample size of n=130 elite athletes (both male and females) were recruited from the camp for National games held in PSB through convenience sampling technique. The data was collected about the age, gender, BMI and physical fitness. Physical fitness was measured through following tests; back ward throw with 3kg medicine ball, 30 meter Speed Test, Single-leg hope three step test, Agility T test and 800 meter Endurance test. The pre camp dietary fat intake was calculated through online software Self Nutrition Data by entering the meal recipe and Nutrition Facts label was generated according to the nutrition labelling standard maintained by the FDA. The results were presented in terms of n (%), mean±SD and to determine association Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used. Results: The mean age of participants was 23.63±5.30 years. The results showed positive correlation of agility T test (sec) with saturated fat (r=0.180, p=0.040), mono unsaturated fat (r=0.199, p=0.023), poly unsaturated fat (r=0.187, p=0.033), Omega 3 fatty acids (r=0.187, p=0.033) and total fat intake(r=0.202, p=0.021). The 800 M endurance test was positively correlated with polyunsaturated fat (r=0.187, p=0.033), omega 6 fatty acids (r=0.182, p=0.038) and total fat intake (r=0.181, p=0.039). While leg strength test was found to be negatively correlated with monounsaturated fats (r=-0.174, p=0.048) and polyunsaturated (r=-0.175, p=0.047). Conclusion: Nutrition rich in dietary fats results in decreases performance and ability of athletes involved in agility and endurance training, while for those involved in strength training dietary fats may enhance their performance

The effect of teaching with slackline exercises on balance skills learning of university students

This study aims to analyze the impact of slackline exercises on the balance skills of university student on their learning. Twenty university student kickboxers voluntarily attended the study (8 women and 12 men). They were randomly divided into two groups (each group four females and six males) as the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG), each consisting of 10 subjects. CG only followed regular training, while EG applied supervised slackline exercises for two days a week and 10 min sessions in addition to regular training for 4-week. Some tests were done before and after slackline exercises in the evaluation of all participants: counter movement jump, standing long jump, leg strength test, back strength test, static balance test “Stork Stand Balance” (SST) and dynamic balance test. According to the post-test results, the SST values which are the static balance test of EG were significantly higher than the CG. As a result, if slackline exercises, which are organized in addition to the regular training sessions specific to the branch, are applied in more extended periods, it can contribute to the balance skill learning and the balance necessary for performing technical movement.

Analysis of relative age effect in muscular strength of adolescent swimmers

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of relative age in anthropometric measurements, muscular strength of adolescent swimmers. Material and Methods: The study sample was composed of 40 volunteers adolescent well-trained swimmers. Participants were grouped as swimmers born in the first quarter (January, February and March) and in the last quarter (October, November and December) of the same year. Anthropometric measurements were taken from each participant, and body mass index of participants were calculated. To determine performance parameters, handgrip, back and leg strength tests were performed on participants. The level of statistical significance was set at p &lt; .05. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the body height and BMI ( p &lt; .05 ), but body weight differences were not statistically significant between swimmers who are born first and last quarter of the same year ( p &gt; .05 ). There were significant differences in the means of absolute leg and handgrip strength between relative age groups. There were statistically significant differences in the means of relative back, leg and handgrip strength between groups ( p &lt; .05 ). All mean relative strength values of participants significantly differed in favour of the group born in the first quarter of the year. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it is determined that relative age has an effect on the measured anthropometric and muscular strength parameters of adolescent well-trained swimmers. The findings of this study revealed that relative age is an important factor to be considered in swimming performance in adolescent swimmers.

Evaluation of Mobility Status after Inguinal Hernia Surgery

Background: Many different studies have compared open and laparoscopic-endoscopic inguinal hernia repair techniques according to intraoperative and postoperative complications, recurrence rates, postoperative inguinal chronic pain, quality of life, and costs. Most of the researchers have compared these different inguinal hernia repair techniques using a visual analog scale, a short-form survey instrument, or patients’ return-to-normal-activity time, but there is a lack of objective data concerning pelvic function recovery after these procedures. Aim: To evaluate and compare real hip and leg function recovery times after the application of different inguinal hernia repair techniques using hip and leg mobility, strength, and stability testing for the first time. Patients and Methods: This prospective nonrandomized clinical study included 33 male patients aged 18–75 years hospitalized for primary inguinal hernia repair surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (Lichtenstein hernia repair) and group 2 (laparoscopic-endoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal/totally extraperitoneal hernia repair). The two groups were compared in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative recovery time, and hip and leg mobility, strength, and stability functional analysis on the first postoperative day as well as 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. Results: A total of 33 patients were included in the study: 13 in the open hernia repair group and 20 in the minimally invasive hernia repair group. There was no significant difference in early and late postoperative complications and recurrence rates. The surgery time and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic-endoscopic hernia repair group. All pelvic functions in the patients who underwent laparoscopic-endoscopic hernia repair recovered 2 or 3 weeks faster than after Lichtenstein repair. Conclusions: Hip and leg mobility, strength, and stability tests are useful to evaluate the recovery time after inguinal hernia repair and could be used as objective tools for estimating recovery after the application of other inguinal hernia repair techniques. Hip and leg mobility, strength, and stability recover faster after minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair. There is no significant difference between the groups in early and late postoperative complications or recurrence rates.

The effect of the leg and back strength of the serve and tennis players to the serve throwing speed and agility

Background and Study Aim:The aim of this study was to examine the effect of leg and back strength on serve throwing speed and agility of 19-23 year old male tennis players who are studying at university. Material and Methods: Twelve male tennis players, aged between 19 and 23, who were studying at university in Kayseri participated in the study voluntarily. Individuals who played tennis for at least 5 days per week participated in the study and leg and back strength measurements and their relation with the serve and agility were compared. Results: In the study, leg strength test, back strength test, agility test and serve throwing speed tests were applied to the subjects. These tests reveal a significant relation between back strength and serve throwing speed (R=,660, R2=,435; p&lt;,050). When the t-test results on the significance of the regression coefficient are examined, it is seen that back strength level (t=2,774, p = ,024) affects serve throwing speed and explains approximately 43% of the total variance. There is a significant relation between leg strength and serve throwing speed (R=,586, R2=,343; p&lt;,050). When the t-test results on the significance of the regression coefficient are examined, it is seen that leg strength level affects serve throwing speed and it explains approximately 34% of the total variance. Conclusions: As a consequence, it has been revealed that leg strength and back strength in tennis players have a statistical relationship with agility and serve throwing speed. For this reason, it is considered necessary to apply training programs to improve leg and back strength in trainings.

The Effect of Suspension Workout on Agility and Forces Performance in Elite Basketball Players

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of suspension training on agility and strength performance in elite male basketball players. The study was carried out on Demir İnşaat Büyükçekmece male U-21 basketball players who are the members of one of the U-21 teams of the Turkish Basketball Federation. 20 volunteer basketball players with age of 18,3 ± 0,3 years; the training ages of 6.5 ± 1.3 years; the lengths of 189.45 ± 7.3 cm; weights of 82.9 ± 7.8 kg and body mass index of 23 ± 1.3 were participated in the study. This group was used as both control and experimental group. Following their first tests, the group participating in the study continued their regular routine training for 6 weeks. After six weeks, the second measurements were taken. These measurements were also accepted as the last measurement of the group which was considered as the control group, while those measurements were accepted as the first measurement of the test group. Afterwards, suspension training (TRX) was performed twice a week right along with basketball training for 6 weeks. At the end of six weeks, the tests were repeated and the level of development of the test group was determined. In the study group, right and left hip flexility test, sitting down flexibility test, standing long jump test, vertical jump test, back and leg strength, T-test and 20-meter sprint tests were performed. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS program and descriptive statistics, Anova Test and Bonferroni correction were performed. As a result, there was a significant difference in hip flexion, jump, strength and agility tests (p &lt;0.05). According to these results, suspension TRX training was found to have positive effects on elite male basketball players.