Ringed Research Articles

Unravelling migratory connections: the next level

Migration is widespread among birds, and the strength of the link between the breeding and wintering grounds, migratory connectivity, influences many ecological and evolutionary processes. Despite its importance, migratory connectivity is poorly estimated for most species. Traditionally, visual observations and bird ringing have been used to monitor migration, but these methods require more effort for relatively little return. Genetic markers and stable isotope signatures have increasingly been used to study connectivity. Each approach has its distinct strengths and weaknesses, and as is often the case, a combination may yield the most insight. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Rundel and colleagues (2013) present a novel Bayesian statistical framework in which genetics and stable isotope data can be combined to improve the assignment of individuals to different winter or breeding regions. The development of such new statistical methods combined with the increasing number and ease of access of isotopic and genetic data sets will greatly enhance our understanding of migratory connectivity. Add to this the developments of miniature devices to track movements of individuals, and the field is destined to make major progression in the decades to come.

A slippery slope: logging alters mass–abundance scaling in ecological communities

Summary Natural ecosystems face ever‐increasing anthropogenic threats from activities such as logging. It is therefore important to: (i) understand anthropogenic impacts on key community characteristics with implications for community structure and function and (ii) identify metrics with mechanistic underpinnings, providing a more functional understanding of anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. Mass–abundance scaling is the most fundamental property of ecological communities, with implications on energy and resource partitioning and on how species and population traits translate to community structure and function. In habitat patches representing a continuum of logging intensity, I examined the impact of logging on mass–abundance scaling in understorey bird species using mist netting and bird ringing. I used regression quantiles to estimate the slope and intercept of upper bound of the polygonal local‐scale mass–abundance relationship. I show that this slope becomes more negative (and the intercept higher) as logging intensity increases. Logging might therefore significantly alter resource and energy partitioning among species in natural communities. The mechanism underlying this pattern is likely to be an interaction between resource depletion, body size and density compensation. Larger species face more severe resource shortages from depleted resource availability and are expected to decline in abundance following logging, leading to more negative mass–abundance scaling. Density compensation by smaller species following large species decline can ‘push up’ the intercept of the mass–abundance relationship. This might result in both steeper slopes and higher intercepts in logged habitats. Synthesis and applications. This study shows for the first time that anthropogenic habitat change can alter fundamental community properties such as mass–abundance scaling and that this property of ecological communities was better at detecting logging impacts than other standard community measures. Identifying key metrics that provide a functional understanding of anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity is a crucial need, for both the assessment of these impacts and the continued monitoring of habitat change. This study highlights the need to supplement commonly used community descriptions with more mechanistic measures of human impacts on biodiversity.

Waterbird demography as indicator of wetland health: The French-wintering common snipe population

The population dynamics of waterbirds constitute an indicator of wetland conservation status. However, waterbird population censuses are difficult to implement because the individuals are very mobile within their range, and some species are elusive or breed in remote areas. Therefore, demographic models based on the estimation of survival and breeding success appear as a reliable alternative to population censuses. Here we present this model-based approach in the case of the French-wintering snipe population (Gallinago gallinago), which breeds mainly in Northern and Eastern Europe. Using a multi-state model to accommodate the mobile nature of waterbirds, we estimate snipe survival using a joint analysis of capture–recapture and ring-recovery data. Then, we use matrix population models to estimate the minimum recruitment rate required to maintain the population at its current size and derive a chart for using age-ratio of ringed birds as indicator of population trend. Although we call for more data collection in order to reduce uncertainty, we conclude that occasional declines are likely after years with poor breeding success, but that the French-wintering snipe population is on average stable. Individual-based monitoring data and population modeling make it possible to use waterbirds as indicator species at the flyway scale.

Intraspecific Adoption and Double Nest Switching in Peregrine Falcons (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>)

We describe an observation of post-fledging double nest switching and alloparenting in the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius). During the summer of 2010, a 36-day-old male Peregrine Falcon that had been marked with leg bands was seen flying from its natal site and was subsequently observed at a neighboring nest site that contained two nestlings. Motion-sensitive camera images indicated that the adopted nestling remained at the neighboring site for several days, during which time it shared the nest ledge with the two resident nestlings and was fed by the adults that occupied the site. The juvenile falcon subsequently returned to its natal site, where it shared the nest ledge with its natural sibling and received care from its natural parents. This note is the first documentation of nest switching in wild Peregrine Falcons.

SAT0104 The role of prolactin, as sex hormone, and its receptor involved in rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) mainly affects women. Prolactin (PRL) is a sex hormone with immunomodulatory properties. High prolactin levels are associated with increased disease activity postpartum, and that the PRL-inhibitor bromocriptine...

Relationship between vegetation structure and abundance of Great-spotted Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major) in a mosaic habitat

AbstractThis study was made in a postglacial relic bog in the Ócsa Protected Landscape Area in Hungary. Secondary succession of vegetation began after peat extraction and a grove-like forest evolved. Among the eight woodpecker species that occur in this area, the Great-spotted Woodpecker is the most abundant with the largest amount of data, it is for this reason we chose this species to study. The aims of this work were to detect changes in the abundance of the study species in relation to forest succession; to examine the seasonal patterns of these changes in abundance, and to identify any relationship between the height of the trees near the nets and the number of captured birds. We used the data from 1411 mist-netted Great-spotted Woodpeckers (1984- 2010), which were captured at the Ócsa Bird Ringing Station (120 standard mist nets). The assessment of forest succession rates were based on aerial photos (1979-2010). We measured the height of the vegetation, at 12 points, near each 12 m long net. Population growth of Great-spotted Woodpeckers was significantly correlated with the rate of afforestation. The majority of birds occurred only during the dispersal period. The pattern of the captures correlated well with the vegetation structure, not just with height, but also with vegetation quality as well

Serological Variation in Meos and Sunni Muslims and Comparison with Other Castes of Haryana

The present investigation involves the study of distribution of serologica l tra its (A1A2 BO, MN and Rh(D) blood group systems) among Meos and Sunni Muslims and their comparison with other castes of Haryana, which are, Jat, Ahir, Ror, Saini, Kamboj, Kumhar and Chamar. The frequency of different alleles fa lls well within the ra nge of other ca stes of Haryana. Chi-squ are values for these blood groups sys tems showed statistica lly non-significant differences. The allele frequ encies showed considera ble heterogeneity among these populations. Meos and Sunni Muslims have similar values of hetrozygosity, that is, 0.507 and 0.503 , respectively. These values are higher than other studied popu lations of Haryana . From the genetic structure analysis it was seen that only a small fraction of total gene diversity accounts for genetic difference among them a nd major portion of it was due to genetic va ria tion within them. Minimum genetic distance (0.00064) was observed between Ahir and Kamboj and maximum (0.04931) between Jat and Ror.

Molecular Detection ofAnaplasma,Bartonella, andBorreliaSpecies in Ticks Collected from Migratory Birds from Hong-do Island, Republic of Korea

Bird migration is a recurring annual and seasonal event undertaken by more than 100 species of birds in the southeast Asian and northeast Palearctic regions that pass through or remain for short periods from April to May and September to November at Hong-do Island, Republic of Korea (ROK). A total of 212 ticks (40 Haemaphysalis flava, 12 H. longicornis, 146 Ixodes turdus, 13 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. ornithophila) were collected from 65/2,161 (3.0%) migratory birds consisting of 21 species that were captured from January, 2008, through December, 2009, as part of the Migratory Birds Center, Hong-do bird banding program for studying bird migration patterns. Adult ticks were assayed individually while larvae and nymphs were pooled (1-22 and 1-6 ticks per pool, respectively) into 31 and 65 pools, respectively. Ticks were assayed for zoonotic pathogens by PCR using 16S rRNA, heat shock protein (groEL), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene primers to amplify genera specific for Anapalsma, Bartonella, and Borrelia PCR amplicons. Using the 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum (n=1) was detected in I. nipponensis collected from Zoothera sibirica and A. bovis (n=1) was detected in I. turdus collected from Emberiza chrysophrys. Borrelia turdi 16S rRNA genes (n=3) were detected in I. turdus and I. nipponensis collected from Turdus pallidus and Zoothera aurea. Borrelia spp. 16S rRNA genes (n=4) were detected in Ixodes ticks collected from Emberiza tristrami, T. pallidus, and Z. aurea. The Bartonella grahamii ITS gene (n=1) was detected by nested PCR assay in I. turdus collected from Z. aurea. These results provide insight into the potential role of migratory birds in the dispersal of ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens throughout their ranges in Asia.

An Overview of Bird Migration Studies in Egypt

ABSTRACT Ibrahim W.A.L. 2011. An overview of bird migration studies in Egypt. Ring 33, 1-2: 55-75. This is an overview of ornithological studies carried out in Egypt since the beginning of XXth century till the present time made on the basis of several more or less general publications. Geographical location and climate descriptions give the background information about the area. The literature overview stresses especially problems connected with the migration of passerines, but wider avifaunistic background is discussed as well. Special attention is paid to the passerines’ strategy of migration through the Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert, its direction and timing, as well as to the factors affecting passerines migration and bird ringing in Egypt. In conclusion, it is stressed that the studies on bird migration were done sporadically, from time to time and from one place to another, and there is a dramatic lack of permanent ringing / bird migration study field stations, despite the fact that some suitable and promising localities have been found, in which the studies have been carried out since 2001 by the SE European Bird Migration Network in cooperation with some protected areas managements.

Experimental Production of Sustainable Lightweight Foamed Concrete

Lightweight foamed concrete is recently acceptable for use in low strength capacity for building and civil construction purposes as a result of its peculiar features such as low thermal conductivity, low self weight and self compacting features hence its high workability. But it major demerits is its difficulty of high strength development when compared with normal concrete. The maximum strength achieved so far is less than 25MPa even at higher density of betwe en 1500kg/m 3 and 1800kg/m 3 . Strength development of foamed concrete depends largely on some factors which are the constituents of the base mix, the density of foam and the water cement ratio of the base mix. This paper studies the base mix parameters to pr oduce a sustainable foamed concrete by substituting cement which is a source of carbon dioxide, a green house emission elements, with a cementitious material, fly ash within a ra nge of 10% up to 50% and water cement ratio of 3.0 wasused. Notraite PA-1 was used as foam agent and prefoamed method was adopted for the production of the foamed concrete. With a target density of 1600kg/m

Ned K. Johnson Young Investigator Award, 2012

The  Ned K. Johnson Young Investigator Award goes to Dr. James W. River. Jim received his Ph.D. in  from the University of California (UC) Santa Barbara and has a remarkable record of research and professional leadership for someone who is only four years past his doctorate degree. He received a master’s degree from Kansas State in  and was a Research Biologist with the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit from  to , when he moved to UC Santa Barbara to begin his doctoral work. Jim has diverse and extensive experience and is familiar with a wide range of research approaches. These include bird banding, sound recording, nest finding, physiological work on fat metabolism, anatomical work on sperm storage by female birds, and ecological physiology and endocrinology. He has also worked in a diversity of habitats in North America, South America, and New Zealand, including wetland, grassland, coniferous forest, and montane cloud-forest ecosystems. Jim has showed a great deal of creativity and rigor in designing his Ph.D. research on cowbirds and their hosts. Jim had the insight to realize that by studying begging behavior in cowbirds, he could shed light on questions related to signal honesty because The Auk 130(1):204–205, 2013 © The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2013. Printed in USA.

サハリン鳥類調査における捕獲状況の報告および捕獲結果に影響した諸要因

サハリン日露共同標識調査での捕獲数と捕獲手法や天候などの捕獲条件の関連を解析した．捕獲数の多かったシマゴマ，ノゴマ，アオジの捕獲には誘引の効果が明らかだった．調査時間が捕獲数に与えた影響は顕著で，シマゴマとノゴマでは新放鳥の80％以上を5時台までに捕獲し，アオジは5時台の捕獲が最多だった．日毎の捕獲数の増減は一部天候と対応しており曇天よりも晴天時の捕獲数が多かった．

サハリン日露共同標識調査特集にあたって

サハリン日露共同標識調査特集にあたって

サハリンにおける日露共同鳥類標識調査報告

サハリンにおける日露共同鳥類標識調査報告

Causes of Ring-Related Leg Injuries in Birds – Evidence and Recommendations from Four Field Studies

One of the main techniques for recognizing individuals in avian field research is marking birds with plastic and metal leg rings. However, in some species individuals may react negatively to rings, causing leg injuries and, in extreme cases, the loss of a foot or limb. Here, we report problems that arise from ringing and illustrate solutions based on field data from Brown Thornbills (Acanthiza pusilla) (2 populations), Siberian Jays (Perisoreus infaustus) and Purple-crowned Fairy-wrens (Malurus coronatus). We encountered three problems caused by plastic rings: inflammations triggered by material accumulating under the ring (Purple-crowned Fairy-wrens), contact inflammations as a consequence of plastic rings touching the foot or tibio-tarsal joint (Brown Thornbills), and toes or the foot getting trapped in partly unwrapped flat-band colour rings (Siberian Jays). Metal rings caused two problems: the edges of aluminium rings bent inwards if mounted on top of each other (Brown Thornbills), and too small a ring size led to inflammation (Purple-crowned Fairy-wrens). We overcame these problems by changing the ringing technique (using different ring types or larger rings), or using different adhesive. Additionally, we developed and tested a novel, simple technique of gluing plastic rings onto metal rings in Brown Thornbills. A review of studies reporting ring injuries (N = 23) showed that small birds (<55 g body weight) are more prone to leg infections while larger birds (>35 g) tend to get rings stuck over their feet. We give methodological advice on how these problems can be avoided, and suggest a ringing hazard index to compare the impact of ringing in terms of injury on different bird species. Finally, to facilitate improvements in ringing techniques, we encourage online deposition of information regarding ringing injuries of birds at a website hosted by the European Union for Bird Ringing (EURING).

Ruthenium Complexes with Hydrophobic Ligands That Are Key Factors for the Optical Imaging of Physiological Hypoxia

The phosphorescence emission of ruthenium complexes was applied to the optical imaging of physiological hypoxia. We prepared three complexes with hydrophobic substituents on the phenanthroline ligand and characterized their emission, which was quenched by molecular oxygen. Among the complexes synthesized in this study, a pyrene chromophore-linked ruthenium complex, Ru-Py, exhibited optimal properties for the imaging of hypoxia; the prolonged lifetime of the triplet excited state of the ruthenium chromophore, which was induced by efficient energy distribution and transfer from the pyrene unit, provided the highest sensitivity towards molecular oxygen. The introduction of hydrophobic pyrene increased the lipophilicity of the complex, leading to enhanced cellular uptake. Consequently, the bright phosphorescence of Ru-Py was seen in the cytoplasm of viable hypoxic cells, whereas the signal from aerobic cells was markedly weaker. Thus, we could clearly discriminate between hypoxic and aerobic cells by monitoring the phosphorescence emission. Furthermore, Ru-Py was applied to optical imaging in live mice. An intramuscular injection of Ru-Py successfully visualized ischemia-based hypoxia, which was constructed by leg banding.

Bird ringing and nest recording in Britain and Ireland in 2011

This is the 75th annual report of the British Trust for Ornithology's Ringing Scheme, covering data received and work carried out in 2011. A review of priorities for the Scheme identified the need to increase submission of nest records through the Nest Record Scheme and to extend the network of Retrapping Adults for Survival (RAS) studies. Collection of different demographic parameters from the same site (eg nest records, numbers of breeding pairs, adult survival, etc) can provide a powerful tool to identify reasons for population change. Constant Effort Sites (CES) data showed long-term declines in abundance for four migrants (Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca, Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus and Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and three resident species (Willow Tit Poecile montana, Song Thrush Turdus philomelos and Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus). Robin Erithacus rubecula and Reed Bunting had the lowest survival rates since CES began and survival-rate estimates were also significantly below average for Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus and Wren Troglodytes troglodytes, two small resident species that are particularly vulnerable to cold weather. Abundance of Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus, Great Tit Parus major, Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis and Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula recorded by CES increased. Nine of the 16 resident species covered by CES also had higher-than-average productivity, in particular the highest ever recorded for Dunnock Prunella modularis, Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs and Bullfinch. The number of Constant Effort Sites increased in 2011, with a higher percentage of reedbed habitat covered by the scheme, but fewer dry and wet scrub sites. In 2011 the number of RAS projects increased by 34 to 158. Survival trends were generated for 46 species and the use of colour marks has been promoted to increase the resighting probability of trap-shy species such as House Sparrow Passer domesticus and Starling Sturnus vulgaris, and for species with low recapture probability such as seabirds. As in 2010, the total number of birds ringed in 2011 (1,151,665) was the highest ever. It included 540,696 first-year birds, 383,136 adults (birds in their second calendar year or later) and 27,495 unaged birds. All ringing data for 2011 were computerised. In addition, there were 166,061 recaptures of ringed birds at or near the ringing site. The increased numbers of fully grown birds ringed is probably due to three main factors: high survival of some species, as suggested by CES results, combined with high productivity in 2011 and the increasing number of ringers in the Scheme catching higher numbers of birds. In total 20,702 BTO-ringed birds were recovered (found dead or recaptured away from the ringing site) in 2011, the highest ever as a result of the increased number of birds ringed in the past decade, combined with efforts to increase reports of ringed birds by the public, an increasing number of colour-ringing projects and associated resightings, and a change in the way recoveries are processed. Recoveries of 17 BTO- and 13 foreign-ringed birds that have extended our existing knowledge of movements of a species, are unusual movements, or are a new longevity record are also presented. In 2011 40,845 nest records were submitted (over 70% electronically), the highest total since 1998. Of these, 82% originated from England, 9% from Wales and 8% from Scotland, with the remaining 1% divided equally between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Long-term nest productivity trends (1966–2010) were significant for 36 of the 71 species for which sufficient data were available, and seven of these (Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis, Willow Warbler, Bullfinch, Coal Tit Periparus ater, Treecreeper Certhia familiaris and Chaffinch) showed a significant decline over time. The 2011 breeding season was characterised by an early start compared to the previous five years, possibly due to the warmest April on record.

Departure directions, migratory timing and non-breeding distribution of the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio: do ring re-encounters and light-based geolocator data tell the same story?

This study explores differences and consistencies between ring re-encounter and light-based geolocator data from Red-backed Shrike when used for studying three aspects of bird migration: departure direction and its relationship with longitude and latitude, non-breeding distribution, and timing of migration. Departure directions were consistent between the two methods. They indicate a funnel-shaped migration with individuals from southwest Europe taking a detour via the eastern Mediterranean rather than migrating via Gibraltar. This indicates that an original migration route has been retained after colonisation of the breeding range. Non-breeding distributions differed substantially between birds ringed and re-encountered and birds tracked by geolocators. This difference may be due to spatio-temporal heterogeneity in ring re-encounter probability and/or due to the two samples of birds belonging to different populations. The monthly average ring re-encounter location moved later southward during autumn and earlier northward during spring migration than the geolocator positions, because of an over-representation of re-encounters in the north. The results emphasise the importance of combining different sources of data when analysing migration patterns of animals that are difficult to track.

In Memoriam: Mary Anne Heimerdinger Clench, 1932–2011

Mary Anne Heimerdinger Clench, an AOU member (), Elected Member (), and Fellow (), was born on  January  in Louisville, Kentucky, and died on  June  in Gainesville, Florida. As a child, Mary, her older sister, Alice, and their parents Henry and Alice Heimerdinger moved to Manhasset, Long Island, where her father was public relations director for National Distillery—no doubt a challenging job during Prohibition. Mary seemed to have received her self-confidence from her father and her love of the outdoors from her mother, an avid gardener. Mary’s love of birds, however, was fostered by a series of mentors. Her high school biology teacher in Manhasset, Jesse V. Miller, was an active bander who involved his students in bird banding. After working with Miller for four years, Mary obtained her own banding permit and joined the Eastern Bird Banding Association in . Miller also loaned her his copy of Margaret Morse Nice’s Watcher at the Nest, which she said “clinched” her choice of a career. She chose Wheaton College for her undergraduate education because they offered a course in ornithology. In , she graduated from Wheaton (where she was a member of the synchronized swim team) with a B.A. in Biology. Her ornithology professor, Clinton V. McCoy, encouraged her to go on to graduate school. She joined the AOU and began graduate school at Yale, working first with S. Dillon Ripley and later with Philip S. Humphrey. At Yale she earned two master’s degrees and a Ph.D. The project for her first M.S. (), “The population increase of the Northern Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus abieticola (Bangs) in New England,” did not result in a thesis, but in a report that was never published. Her second M.S. () was a non-thesis degree in Biology. Her Ph.D. dissertation (), “A study of morphological variation in the dorsal and ventral pterylae of Passeriformes,” was published in part in The Auk (, :–). The Auk 129(4):787−788, 2012 © The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2012. Printed in USA.

Colluding with the Enemy?: Nationalism and Depictions of “Aboriginality” in Canadian Olympic Moments

Colluding with the Enemy? Nationalism and Depictions of “Aboriginality” in Canadian Olympic Moments Jennifer Adese (bio) After the Indians had their moment in the spotlight, they danced back into history, making way for miners, cowboys and settlers of all races to do-se-do together (as if that ever happened in that place and time). Only the Indians were missing from the hoedown in Salt Lake. But these are just symbols, you say? Well, yeah. Mega-bucks worth of symbols. Symbology that reaches millions of people around the world and leaves a lasting impression in the place of reality. Suzan Shown Harjo, “Indians in the Olympics Ceremony? Postcard from the Past” As a fair-skinned âpihtawikosis-âniskwéw (Cree-Métis woman), I am one of many Indigenous peoples who have been, as Emma Larocque writes, “hounded and haunted by White North America’s image machine.”1 I became interested in researching Indigenous involvement in the Olympics after one of my cousins forwarded to me in September 2009 the application to attend the Indigenous Youth Gathering (iyg) to be held from January 30 to February 14, 2010. The Vancouver 2010 Olympics were slated to start on February 12 and run until February 28; since the iyg was to end just a couple of days after the opening of the games, it was clear that applicants were being tapped to play some role in the opening of the games. Given the involvement of Indigenous peoples in previous Olympic opening and closing ceremonies (in 1976 and 1988), it was not a stretch to assume we would play a role in Vancouver’s opening ceremony. This was made clearer by the fact that the application form requests [End Page 479] that we include two full-length color photographs of ourselves wearing traditional clothing, clothing that we would be expected to bring with us to the gathering. The application encourages youth to, “where applicable,” incorporate accessories such as roaches/masks, hair ornaments, face or body paint, earrings/pendants, arm or leg bracelets or bands, skins/furs/bark, footwear, and instruments or drums and rattles. The application asks, however, that applicants “not wear non-traditional clothing” (a.k.a. “contemporary” clothing) in the photos.2 This was the first gathering application, out of the many that I’d seen, that required a picture to be included in the application. Having my moccasins, my Métis sash, and my dad’s moosehide jacket, I wasn’t sure that even with all this and my “Homeland Security: Fighting Terrorism Since 1492” T-shirt I’d be “Aboriginal enough” to be selected, and I wasn’t sure that I wanted to find out—or that I wanted anyone affiliated with the Olympic organizing committee to decide whether or not I was. This experience has inspired me to question more deeply the nature of Indigenous involvement in the 2010 Vancouver Olympic opening ceremony. Indigenous peoples have been involved in each of the Canadian-hosted Olympics (to varying degrees), and, given my encounter with the 2010 iyg application form, I came to question the nature of organizational committees’ motives with regard to Indigenous performance in ceremonies. Why are we so popular? The 1976 Montréal Summer Olympic closing ceremony, the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympic opening ceremony, and the 2010 Winter Olympic opening ceremony in Vancouver each placed Indigenous peoples at the heart of its expressions of regional, provincial, and Canadian national identity in one form or another. Why is it that organizing committees view Indigenous peoples as central to Olympic ceremonies and as so seemingly central to the narratives of national identity produced during them? What is Canada trying to say about itself by insisting on Indigenous presence within the Olympic ceremonies when in so many other spaces in Canadian society we are purposefully invisibilized? I argue that while earlier national narratives alluded to the racial superiority of “white” Canadians and their hand in subjugating/civilizing Indigenous populations, in recent decades it has become far less fashionable to insinuate such things. Canada has thus consistently drawn on the multiculturalist rhetoric (of equality) as a framework for narrating Canadian-Indigenous relations. The amplified international attention brought by the Olympics has [End...