Left Mover Research Articles

Continuous Topological Phase Transition between Two 1D Antiferromagnetic Spin-1 Boson Superfluids with the Same Symmetry.

Spin-1 bosons on a one-dimensional chain, at incommensurate filling with an antiferromagnetic spin interaction between neighboring bosons, may form a spin-1 boson condensed state that contains both a gapless charge and spin excitations. We argue that the spin-1 boson condensed state is unstable, and will become one of two superfluids by opening a spin gap. One superfluid must have a spin-1 ground state on a ring if it contains an odd number of bosons and has no degenerate states at the chain end. The other superfluid has a spin-0 ground state on a ring for any number of bosons and has a spin-1/2 degeneracy at the chain end. The two superfluids have the same symmetry and only differ by a spin-SO(3) symmetry protected topological order. Although Landau theory forbids a continuous phase transition between two phases with the same symmetry, the phase transition between the two superfluids can be generically continuous, which is described by conformal field theory (CFT) su(2)_{2}⊕u(1)_{4}⊕su(2)[over ¯]_{2}⊕u(1)[over ¯]_{4}. Such a CFT has a spin fractionalization: spin-1 excitation can decay into a spin-1/2 right mover and a spin-1/2 left mover. We determine the critical theory by solving the partition function based on emergent symmetries and modular invariance condition of CFTs.

The Relative Impact of Ice Fall Speeds and Microphysics Parameterization Complexity on Supercell Evolution

Abstract The use of bin or bulk microphysics schemes in model simulations frequently produces large changes in the simulated storm and precipitation characteristics, but it is still unclear which aspects of these schemes give rise to these changes. In this study, supercell simulations using either a bin or a double-moment bulk microphysics scheme are conducted with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The two simulations produce very different storm morphologies. An additional simulation is run for each scheme in which the diameter–fall speed relationships for ice hydrometeors are modified to be similar to those used by the other scheme. When fall speed relationships are homogenized, the two parameterization schemes simulate similar storm morphology. Therefore, despite the use of largely dissimilar approaches to parameterizing microphysics, the difference in storm morphology is found to be related to the choice of diameter–fall speed relationships for ice hydrometeors. This result is investigated further to understand why. Higher fall speeds lead to higher mixing ratios of hydrometeors at low levels and thus more melting. Consequently, stronger downdrafts and cold pools exist in the high fall speed storms, and these stronger cold pools lead to storm splitting and the intensification of a left mover. The results point to the importance of hydrometeor fall speed on the evolution of supercells. It is also suggested that caution be used when comparing the response of a cloud model to different classes of microphysics schemes since the assumptions made by the schemes may be more important than the scheme class itself.

Broken translation invariance in quasifree fermionic correlations out of equilibrium

Using the C ⁎ algebraic scattering approach to study quasifree fermionic systems out of equilibrium in quantum statistical mechanics, we construct the nonequilibrium steady state in the isotropic XY chain whose translation invariance has been broken by a local magnetization and analyze the asymptotic behavior of the expectation value for a class of spatial correlation observables in this state. The effect of the breaking of translation invariance is twofold. Mathematically, the finite rank perturbation not only regularizes the scalar symbol of the invertible Toeplitz operator generating the leading order exponential decay but also gives rise to an additional trace class Hankel operator in the correlation determinant. Physically, in its decay rate, the nonequilibrium steady state exhibits a left mover–right mover structure affected by the scattering at the impurity.

Observations of a Severe, Left-Moving Supercell on 4 May 2003

Abstract A case study of a left-moving supercell with a rapid motion is presented to (i) elucidate differences in anvil orientations between left- and right-moving supercells and (ii) highlight the interaction of the left mover with a tornadic right mover. It is shown how anvil orientations, as viewed from satellite, may be used to assist in the identification of thunderstorms with differing motions and how this applies to splitting supercells. Additionally, the movement of the left mover into the forward flank of the right mover may have temporarily affected its tornadic circulation, as tornadoes occurred both before and after the merger, despite the structure of the right mover being interrupted during the merging process. Given the dearth of literature on thunderstorm mergers in general, and how mergers affect tornadic supercells in particular, this is an area that demands further research.

Aspects of a Tornadic Left-Moving Thunderstorm of 25 May 1999

Abstract A severe left-moving thunderstorm occurred on 25 May 1999 between the cities of Lubbock and Amarillo, Texas. Over its 3.5-h lifetime, the storm was responsible for flash flooding, reports of hail of up to 7 cm in diameter, and two weak tornadoes. Satellite imagery reveals that it was traveling along the northward-moving outflow boundary of the storm from which it formed. The left mover displayed anticyclonic rotation, as was seen in storm-relative radial velocity imagery from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) located at Lubbock. The tornadoes developed west of Canyon, Texas, near the intersection of the left mover and a southward-moving boundary. The occurrence of tornadoes with a left mover is a particularly noteworthy event; to the authors' knowledge, only four other tornadic left movers have been reported in the meteorological literature.

The operator algebra and twisted KZ equations of WZW orbifolds

We obtain the operator algebra of each twisted sector of all WZW orbifolds, including the general twisted current algebra and the algebra of the twisted currents with the twisted affine primary fields. Surprisingly, the twisted right and left mover current algebras are not a priori copies of each other. Using the operator algebra we also derive world-sheet differential equations for the twisted affine primary fields of all WZW orbifolds. Finally we include ground state properties to obtain the twisted Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations of the WZW permutation orbifolds and the inner-automorphic WZW orbifolds.

Observations of a Severe Left Moving Thunderstorm

Abstract Observations have shown that right moving thunderstorms are favored in environments characterized by clockwise-turning hodographs. There are, however, a few observational and numerical studies of long-lived, left moving storms within environments characterized by clockwise-turning hodographs. For example, a documented left mover that occurred on 26 May 1992, near Coldspring, Texas, with a mesoanticyclone and hail spike (also called a three-body scattering signature) produced severe weather. Although a few cases have been documented, left moving thunderstorms have received less study than right moving cells. The long-lived, severe thunderstorm of 17 May 1996 is presented to improve documentation of left moving thunderstorms. The storm occurred over eastern Nebraska and will be referred to as the York County storm. This left mover resulted from storm splitting and moved to the west of a surface cold front. The relatively isolated storm subsequently split approximately 1 h later, yielding a new righ...

The Dissipation of a Left-Moving Cell in a Severe Storm Environment

Abstract Observations have shown that thunderstorms sometimes undergo updraft splitting, where one updraft moves to the right of the mean tropospheric wind and the other to the left. Observations also show that the left-moving updraft tends to dissipate approximately 15 min after the splitting process. The right-moving cell, however, may exist for up to a few hours. Idealized modeling studies suggest that this behavior is related to the clockwise turning of the environmental shear vectors with height. The interaction between the environmental shear and the storms updraft produces a high–low pressure couplet oriented downshear. This pressure pattern produces favorable vertical accelerations for the right mover. This same process inhibits upward motion for the left mover. In this paper an idealized simulation is presented that suggests an additional process that contributed to the decay of the left-moving updraft. Analysis of low-level storm-relative winds for the left-moving cell indicated that the inflow ...

Hailstorms in Switzerland: Left Movers, Right Movers, and False Hooks

Abstract In the central region of Switzerland, lying between the Jura Mountains to the north and the Alps to the south, severe hailstorms are a common summertime phenomenon. Eight years of data on these hailstorms show that they are nearly equally divided between left- and right-moving storms. Depending on the exact environmental conditions, the severe hailstorms consist variously of left- or right-moving ordinary-cell storms, left- or right-moving supercell storms, and left-moving storms of an intermediary type (i.e., supercellular in some but not all respects). The left movers of the intermediary type sometimes exhibit a cyclonically rotating echo appendage on the right-rear flank of the storm. This appendage to the left mover resembles a book echo associated with a classic supercell. It is dubbed a false hook, since it has a dynamical configuration substantially different from that of a classic supercell. This difference is demonstrated by the fact that the false hook appears on the wrong side of the l...

Relationship between conjugate lateral eye movements and alexithymia.

The relationship between conjugate lateral eye movements (CLEMs) and alexithymia was investigated in a group of 60 (23 male and 37 female) right-handed university students. Subjects completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale, and the Basic Personality Inventory, which measures 12 basic dimensions of personality and psychopathology, CLEMs were recorded while subjects were asked 20 general knowledge questions that have no tendency to elicit eye movements predominantly in one direction. A series of gender by CLEM preference (left vs. right mover) ANOVAs were conducted with the various measures. There was a significant relationship between right CLEM preference and higher scores on the TAS, but no relationships between CLEMs and any of the other measures. These results suggest that alexithymia is associated with left cerebral lateralization, and support the hypothesis that alexithymic characteristics reflect a variation in brain organization.

A Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Splitting Severe Storms on 3 April 1964

Abstract A three-dimensional numerical storm model is used to investigate the observed splitting of several reflectivity echoes on 3 April 1964 in Oklahoma. Representative soundings from this day exhibit a nearly one-directional environmental wind shear vector and the presence of strong low-level wind shear. In the numerical simulation an initial cloud splits into two long-lived rotating storms, one that moves to the left of the mean winds and the other to the right. The left-moving storm develops more slowly than the right-moving one due to the deviation of the environmental wind hodograph from a straight line below 1 km. Further, the left mover eventually splits. Convergence induced by the cold, low-level storm outflow plays a major role in the development of both the first and second splits. However, the second split appears to be dynamically different than the first as the left-moving updraft remains essentially unchanged while a new updraft forms immediately adjacent to it. Because of the different p...

Hemispheric dominance, dichotic listening and lateral eye movement behaviour.

Abstract.— Because lateral corrective eye movements have been shown to influence the results of the dichotic listening test, it was supposed that differences in the scoring on this test by right and left eye movers could be found. Only in the entire group of 22 right handed subjects and in the subgroup of 8 right eye movers a significant right ear superiority was found. In the left mover group (14 subjects) right ear superiority in dichotic listening was not significant. These results are interpreted in terms of possible interhemispheric differences in the level of “activity”, facilitating or hampering perception of verbal material in the contralateral ear.