LED Light Research Articles

Activation of Photo-Fenton-like Process Catalyzed by Fe3+-IDS under Visible LED Light Irradiation

Activation of Photo-Fenton-like Process Catalyzed by Fe³⁺-IDS under Visible LED Light Irradiation

PH-Responsive Persistent Luminescent Nanosystem with Sensitized NIR Imaging and Ratiometric Imaging Modes for Tumor Surgery Navigation.

Owing to autofluorescence-free feature, persistent luminescent (PersL) nanoparticles (PLNPs) become potential materials for tumor surgical navigation. However, it is still challenging to enhance PersL intensity, contrast ratio, and imaging stability so as to meet clinical demand and avoid missed detection of microlesions. Herein, integrating a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive strategy, sensitization enhancement, and internal-standard ratiometric method, a dual-mode PersL imaging strategy is proposed: After loading pH-responsive fluorescent molecule Rh-ADM on PLNPs ZnGa2O4:Cr3+,Mn2+ (ZGCM-Rh8), the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pathways between Cr3+ and Rh-ADM, as well as Mn2+ and Rh-ADM, could sensitize the NIR PersL emitted by Cr3+ and quench the green PersL from Mn2+ at acidic TME, respectively. As a result, ZGCM-Rh8 is endowed with WLED (white light LED)-excited NIR imaging mode and UV-excited ratiometric imaging mode. Under WLED, ZGCM-Rh8 realizes 4.5-fold PersL enhancement and 97.9 as the maximum tumor contrast after precise control of Rh-ADM contents, helping with the preoperative diagnosis of deep lesions. Under UV, ZGCM-Rh8 conducts ratiometric PersL imaging steadily, and the "NIR/Vis" ratios at the tumor keep larger than 110, succeeding in detecting out a 1.5 mm small lesion and serving thorough surgical elimination of H22 ectopic intramuscular tumor in balb/c mice. To our knowledge, ZGCM-Rh8 is the first to realize pH-responsive PersL sensitization and apply ratiometric PersL imaging technology to surgical navigation.

Glare at Night-Time Driving: Effect of Correlated Color Temperature of Led Lamps.

This study aims to analyze the effect of correlated color temperature from LED glare sources on driving performance. The evaluation includes assessing the effect of disability glare on visual reaction time and rating discomfort glare using a standardized scale. LED technology is widely incorporated into various lighting systems; however, the impact of glare from oncoming car headlamps on driving performance at night-time is crucial for road safety. Twenty-three healthy young subjects participated in a laboratory-based experiment simulating night driving using a two-channel Maxwellian view optical system. Two LED lamps with correlated color temperature of 2800K and 6500K were used to generate a glare of 52 lx. Disability glare was quantified in terms of foveal reaction time and discomfort glare was rated using the de Boer scale. The results show that glare-induced effect is mitigated by an increase in background luminance. The correlated color temperature of the LED lamp does not affect either reaction time or discomfort glare rating. The greater short-wavelength emission of 6500K lamp does not intensify the effect of disability or discomfort glare, probably due to the macular pigment absorption on foveal vision and the transparency of ocular media, coupled with the involvement of other contributing factors. The correlated color temperature of the lamp is not the best descriptive parameter to identify its effect on glare. It is important to consider the impact of LED technology on visual performance to enhance road safety in critical glare situations during night driving.

ANALISA TITIK LAMPU RUANG TAMU DAN RUANG KELUARGA RUMAH TYPE 90 M2

This research aims to analyze the lighting needs for the living room and family room in a 90 m² house. Using a quantitative descriptive method, the findings showed that optimal lighting in the living room requires two 11-watt light points for a 7.05 m² area, while the family room needs four light points for an 11.4 m² area. Efficient lighting can be achieved through the use of LED lights, ensuring even light distribution based on the visual needs of the space. Recommendations should be validated to ensure compliance with SNI standards and visual comfort. The research provides useful guidance for the effective application of artificial lighting in 90 m² houses

Effect of a Broiler-Specific Light Spectrum on Growth Performance and Adrenocortical Activity in Chickens: A Pilot Study on a Commercial Farm

This study evaluated the effect of a broiler-specific light spectrum on productive performance corticosterone (fCC) and androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (fDHEA) concentrations in feathers, and glucocorticoid (GCMs) and androgen (AMs) metabolites in droppings of broilers. Two groups of female Ross 308 broilers were reared under white LED (WL, n = 9000) and broiler-specific LED (BSL, n = 9000) lights. The body weight (BW) of 150 randomly selected animals/groups was measured weekly. Droppings and feathers were collected at the end of the cycle (29 days) from 20 animals/group. The BSL group showed higher final BW than WL (1407 ± 11 vs. 1341 ± 15 g, respectively; p < 0.001) and higher indices of uniformity (76.8% vs. 61.2% animals in the 10% around the mean, respectively; p < 0.001). No difference between groups was found in fCC and fDHEA concentrations or in the fCC–fDHEA, indicating similar long-term HPA axis activity during the cycle. A higher concentration of GCMs was found in the BSL group, indicating higher glucocorticoid secretion before sampling, with neither a difference in AMs nor in GCMs–AMs. Finally, there was a positive correlation between fCC and fDHEA and between GCMs and AMs (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the use of broiler-specific light improved the productivity performances of chickens without long-term consequences on HPA activation. However, the results of this pilot study in a commercial farm setting must be interpreted with caution and need confirmation.

Microbiome shifts elicited by ornamental lighting of granite facades identified by MinION sequencing

Night-time outdoor illumination in combination with natural sunlight can influence the visible phototrophic colonizers (mainly algae) growing on stone facades; however, the effects on the microbiome (invisible to the naked eye) are not clear. The presence of stone-dwelling microbes, such as bacteria, diatoms, fungi, viruses and archaea, drives further biological colonization, which may exacerbate the biodeterioration of substrates. Considering the microbiome is therefore important for conservation of the built heritage. The impact of the following types of lighting on the relative abundance and diversity of the microbiome on granite ashlars was evaluated in a year-long outdoor pilot study: no lighting; lighting with a metal halide lamp (a traditional lighting system currently used to illuminate monuments); and lighting with a novel LED lamp (an environmentally sound prototype lamp with a biostatic effect, halting biological colonization by phototrophs, currently under trial). Culturable fractions of microbiome and whole-genome sequencing by metabarcoding with Oxford Nanopore Sequencing (MinION) was conducted for bacteria and fungi in order to complement both community characterization strategies. In addition, the possible biodeteriorative profiles of the isolated strains, relative to calcium carbonate precipitation/solubilisation and iron oxidation/reduction, were investigated by plate assays. Alpha and beta diversity indexes were also determined, along with the abundance of biocide and antibiotic resistance genes. Culture-dependent microbiological analysis failed to properly show changes in community composition, for which metagenomic approaches like MinION are better suited. Thus, MinION analysis identified shifts in the granite microbiome elicited by ornamental lighting. The novel LED lamp with the biostatic effect on phototrophs caused an increase in the diversity of bacteria and fungi. In this case, the microbiome was more similar to that in the unlit samples. In the samples illuminated by the metal halide lamp, dominance of bacteria was favoured and the presence of fungi was negligible.

Performance optimization of MoS2-doped PVDF-HFP nanofiber triboelectric nanogenerator as sensing technology for smart cities

The greatest potential for resolving today's energy crisis caused by social globalization is the invention of nanogenerators. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are among the most advanced and promising technologies because of their simple and affordable device design. TENGs can capture mechanical energy from our surroundings. Herein, we fabricated a TENG device using a novel MoS2-doped poly (vinylidene fluoride-co hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) electrospun fiber and amino-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-doped polyurethane (PU/A-rGO) electrospun fiber as tribonegative and tribopositive materials, respectively. The concentration of MoS2 nanofiller doping in PVDF-HFP fiber was varied to study and optimize the output performance of TENG. The highest open circuit potential of 150 V, short circuit current of 4.2 μA, and power density of 0.17 Wm−2 are displayed by the 3 wt% MoS2 filled PVDF-HFP and 2 wt% A-rGO-doped PU-based (3PHM-PU/2A-rGO) TENG device. The surface potential of the 3PHM fiber showed a saturation reading of -832 V, which is 4.3 times greater than that of 0PHM fiber (0PHM -190 V). Lastly, the TENG device is used to demonstrate practical and instantaneous applications like LED lighting and the operation of portable electronics by harvesting mechanical energy. Furthermore, the TENG device shows a lot of potential in using smart streetlight sensor applications.

474 Changes of surface temperature of different materials under irradiation by a red light photodynamic therapy LED lamp

474 Changes of surface temperature of different materials under irradiation by a red light photodynamic therapy LED lamp

The effect of supplemental LED lighting in the range of UV, blue, and red wavelengths at different ratios on the accumulation of phenolic compounds in pak choi and swiss chard

Phenolic compounds are known for their health-promoting effects on humans. Pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) are used here as model plants, as they are eaten raw as baby leaf lettuce and differ in their phenolic compound profile while showing similar morphology. In a greenhouse an artificial light source with UV-B (215 mW m−2), blue (104 μmol/m−2 s−1) and red (245 μmol/m−2 s−1) LEDs was implemented to increase phenolic compounds during the last days before harvest. Pak choi shows an increase or trend towards an increase in the monoacylated triglycosides of kaempferol and quercetin after 4 days of irradiation for 4 h each. For example kaempferol-3-caffeoyl-sophoroside-7-glucoside was increased at low PAR values in the third run and red-dominated light treatment by up to 120 %. In addition, it was observed that the red variety ‘Amur’ has higher concentrations of quercetin glycosides which were increased often. In swiss chard, on the other hand, there was only a sporadic increase in vitexin glycosides. Despite very different concentrations in some samples, 2″-glucosyl-vitexin and 2′′-glucosyl-6′′-malonyl-vitexin showed significant increases of up to 350 % in the two chard varieties Lukullus and Rhubarb chard. The results suggest that the exposure time or intensity of UV-B radiation needs to be optimized for each species and has not yet consistently led to an increase but trends in phenolic compounds and in antioxidant activity in this study.

Optimum blue light exposure: a means to increase cell-specific productivity in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Research for biopharmaceutical production processes with mammalian cells steadily aims to enhance the cell-specific productivity as a means for optimizing total productivities of bioreactors. Whereas current technologies such as pH, temperature, and osmolality shift require modifications of the cultivation medium, the use of optogenetic switches in recombinant producer cells might be a promising contact-free alternative. However, the proper application of optogenetically engineered cells requires a detailed understanding of basic cellular responses of cells that do not yet contain the optogenetic switches. The knowhow of ideal light exposure to enable the optimum use of related approaches is missing so far. Consequently, the current study set out to find optimum conditions for IgG1 producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which were exposed to blue LED light. Growth characteristics, cell-specific productivity using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry were analyzed. Whereas too harsh light exposure causes detrimental growth effects that could be compensated with antioxidants, a surprising boost of cell-specific productivity by 57% occurred at optimum high light doses. The increase coincided with an increased number of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle after 72 h of illumination. The results present a promising new approach to boost biopharmaceutical productivity of mammalian cells simply by proper light exposure without any further optogenetic engineering.Key points• Blue LED light hinders growth in CHO DP-12 cells• Antioxidants protect to a certain degree from blue light effects• Illumination with blue LED light raises cell-specific productivity

Design and characteristic analysis of a high-performance deformable piezoelectric wind energy harvester based on coupled vibrations

The current vortex-induced vibration piezoelectric wind energy harvesters have a narrow operating wind speed range, while galloping piezoelectric energy harvesters are at risk of damage from excessive amplitude at high wind speeds, a novel high-performance deformable piezoelectric wind energy harvester based on coupled vibrations (DPWEH) has been proposed. The alteration of the compound blunt body shape effectively modifies the shedding characteristics and intensity of vortices, subsequently influencing the vibration mode and output voltage of the system. The vibration mode transitions from galloping to coupled vibration, ultimately to vortex-induced vibration. The rigid wing and long elastic beam suppress galloping at high wind speeds. A thinner flexible wing can extend the duration of coupled vibration. A smaller wing width ratio and larger Y-type base wing width are beneficial for increasing the output voltage. By optimizing the parameters of the compound blunt body, the onset wind speed can be effectively reduced, the effective wind speed bandwidth can be expanded, and the DPWEH can undergo coupled vibration for an extended duration while stably generating electricity. The peak output power is 0.36 mW at a load of 150 kΩ. Moreover, the energy harvester demonstrates the prolonged power generation capability of signal transmitters and 100 LED lights.

Plant factory with artificial light design, realization, and economic analysis

It has been challenging to construct an autonomously controlled plant factory with artificial light (PFAL). It is also useful in engineering and bioscience research and education. The purpose of this research is to design and construct a micro-scale PFAL (µPFAL) with automatic environment control for a university project. Then, analyze the effectiveness of managing temperature, humidity, pH, EC, and CO2 on crop production, as well as the cost, and benefit of µPFAL. The µPFAL is made up of LED lighting, air condition, vertical cultivation, EC-pH regulation, a CO2 supply unit, and environmental control and monitoring. Control was provided via Arduino with PC monitor. For economic evaluation, cost-benefit analysis was used. The results of the control environment in µPFAL were achieved with a deviation of less than 2.5%. An Arduino-based environmental control system with a computer for monitoring was suited for university’s PFAL.Our µPFAL could produce 80.45 g/head fresh weight of green oak lettuce, the lettuce’s yield of 19 kg/m2/y. The payback period of µPFAL is 3.28 years, net present value of 82,543.30 THB, an internal rate of return of 24% and the B/C ratio of 1.22. Future research should include solar energy to assist µPFAL in meeting its sustainable goal.

Multidimensional woodchips-like Mn-metal-organic framework for asymmetric supercapacitor devices

Multidimensional manganese-metal organic frameworks (Mn-MOF) are synthesized using 1,2,4,5-Benzene tetracarboxylic acid (BTTC) at various temperatures (100–160°C). The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques successfully confirm the formation of Mn-MOF. Among the various temperatures, the Mn-MOF synthesized at 140°C (Mn-MOF@BTTC-140) is remarkable because it has excellent crystallinity and a unique morphology, i.e., woodchips-like structure. The synthesized Mn-MOF@BTTC materials are used in supercapacitor applications. In comparison to all materials, Mn-MOF@BTTC-140 revealed the maximum specific capacitance (Cs) of 627 F g-1 @ 1 A g-1, and it displayed 91% capacitance retention even after the 6000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g-1. Furthermore, the supercapacitor device (SD) constructed using carbon nanofibers (CNF) as the negative electrode and Mn-MOF@BTTC-140 as the positive electrode delivered an energy density of 25 W h kg-1 at a power density of 532 W kg-1. Ultimately, LED lighting demonstrates that our fabricated materials suit practical applications.

Dual-emission ultra-wideband phosphor applied to yellow light LED and temperature visualization

Dual-emission ultra-wideband phosphor applied to yellow light LED and temperature visualization

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A FATIGUE DRIVING REMINDER SYSTEM

With the rapid development of the social economy, the number of motor vehicles is increasing daily. According to statistics, China has ranked first in the world for automobile sales however, this growth has also led to a rise in traffic accidents. Fatigue driving is one of the leading causes of these accidents. To safeguard peoples lives, health, and property, and to reduce traffic accidents caused by fatigue, we have designed a fatigue driving reminder device based on the STM32 microcontroller unit (MCU). The device utilizes a pressure sensor and a timer for data collection. The STM32 processes this data to determine when the buzzer should sound an alert. Additionally, the device incorporates a photoresistor to measure external light levels when these levels are low, an LED light is activated to remind the driver.

FPGA-Based Design for Digital Speedometer to Detect Speed Limit of Vehicles

This paper presents a proposed design for a digital speedometer using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. The speedometer is a crucial safety feature in vehicles, providing real-time information on the vehicle's speed in kilometres per hour (km/h). The objective of this design is to assist drivers in monitoring and controlling their velocity at regular intervals to ensure safe driving. The hardware platform chosen for implementation is the Altera DE2 Board with Cyclone IV E and the hardware description language used is Verilog HDL. The digital speedometer receives a square wave pulse as an input signal from a hall sensor, which is emitted based on the vehicle's speed. The designed system accurately detects and counts these pulses to convert them into the corresponding speed of the vehicle. This digital speedometer is specifically intended for vehicles with engine capacities (cc) ranging from 1000cc to 1300cc. It can detect speeds within the range of 0km/h to 255km/h. The speed value is displayed on a seven-segment display with precision. Additionally, if the vehicle's speed exceeds the expressway's speed limit of 110km/h, a red LED indicator turns on to alert the driver to control their speed.

Optical fiber membrane-based Fabry–Perot tactile force sensing platform powered by LED ambient lighting

This study introduces an optical fiber tactile force sensing platform powered by ambient LED lighting. Based on the interaction between a multimode optical fiber and a micro-polymer membrane, it is possible to excite an Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer (EFPI); this EFPI is pumped by collected incident light from the ambient LED lighting environment; here, a Fresnel lens and multimode fiber collect this light. The collector system maintains suitable light intensity even during 360° rotation. When transversal loads between 0 to 1 N are applied over the membrane, the tactile force sensor shows a wavelength shift towards shorter wavelengths; consequently, a 6.5 nm/N sensitivity and resolution of 0.15 N are obtained. Moreover, the phase analysis of the Fourier spectrum addresses intensity variations during rotation, revealing a sensitivity of 3 rad/N. The sensor offers stability, minimal hysteresis, minimal temperature modulation, and suitable time response across four sensing areas. Moreover, the statistical analysis and tactile force sensor performance ensure reliable tactile measurement with a null probability of overlap upon force application. It is crucial to note that this tactile force sensor provides a genuinely low-cost implementation due to the utilization of ambient LED lighting as the light source. This aspect represents an exciting advancement in fiber sensing technology.

Different LED light qualities alter tomato plant growth and performance of two herbivores

Different LED light qualities alter tomato plant growth and performance of two herbivores

Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy triggers pyroptosis in osteosarcoma cells via the ROS/caspase-3/GSDME pathway

BackgroundPyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy(MPPa-PDT) is a candidate treatment for solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Pyroptosis has garnered significant attention in cancer research due to its pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory nature. This study investigated the mechanism and role of MPPa-PDT-induced pyroptosis in osteosarcoma cells. MethodsWe treated human osteosarcoma 143b and HOS cells with MPPa at concentrations of 0.5 μM and 0.25 μM, respectively, then irradiated the cells with LED light at 630 nm wavelength with an energy density of 4.8 J/cm2. Cell viability and apoptosis ratio were detected using CCK-8 and Annexin V–Propidium Iodide staining, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MtΔψ) were assessed using 2ʹ,7ʹ-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and JC-1 staining kits, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine cell ultrastructure. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by an inverted microscope. Western blotting analysis was conducted to measure protein levels. To elucidate the mechanism and role, we re-evaluated relevant parameters after pretreating with NAC,Si caspase-3, and Si GSDME. ResultsMPPa-PDT inhibited the activity of osteosarcoma 143b and HOS cells and induced pyroptosis with mitochondrial damage, ROS aggregation, and activation of Caspase-3 and GSDME. The effects of MPPa-PDT on the activity and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells were partially reversed after pretreating with Si GSDME. After NAC pretreatment, the activation of pyroptosis and Caspase-3 induced by MPPa-PDT was partially reversed. After Si Caspase-3 pretreatment, the pyroptosis induced by MPPa-PDT was partially reversed. ConclusionMPPa-PDT can induce pyroptosis in osteosarcoma cells, which has the effect of enhancing apoptotic processes. Mitochondrial damage and ROS/caspase-3/GSDME pathway are the possible mechanisms of pyroptosis induced by MPPa-PDT.

Sodium selenate biofortification, through seed priming, on dill microgreens grown in two different cultivation systems

Human health is significantly influenced by the quality of vegetables included in the diet. Soilless cultivation methods have the potential to enhance and standardize the levels of secondary metabolites or specific bioactive compounds in plants, even when utilizing LED lighting. In recent years, tailored foods, enriched with important microelements, are growing in popularity. The present research was conducted to explore the quantitative and qualitative aspects of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), grown either indoor or in a greenhouse and harvested during the microgreen stage. Seeds of dill were primed with 1.5 and 3 mg L−1 selenium (Se). Untreated dry and hydro-primed seeds were used as the control and positive control groups, respectively. Results demonstrated a higher yield in indoor farm environment (1255.6 g FW m−2) compared to greenhouse (655.1 g FW m−2), with a general positive effect on the morphological traits studied, with no significant influence from priming and Se. The mean value of phenolic index of microgreens grown in the greenhouse was 13.66% greater than that grown in indoor condition. It was also observed that seeds priming with Se can effectively raise the Se content in dill microgreens, in both tested conditions. Overall, our results suggest that the 3 mg L−1 Se seems to be the most promising concentration to obtain Se-enriched microgreens.