Learning Schedule Research Articles

Problematika Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Karakter saat Pembelajaran Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di PKBM (Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat

This study aimed to describe the problems of instilling character values in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach used is qualitative with case studies. The research results show that the character of students during the pandemic learning period faced problems including a lack of discipline and responsibility. Problems with instilling character values during learning are: not having found the right character education method, low response from Package C students, poorly understood material, limited facilities and infrastructure supporting online learning, and difficulty adjusting the learning schedule for all students.

Can AI Robot Teaching Improve Children’s Performance in Housework? A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: The primary objective of this study is to explore the effects of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) robot-assisted instruction in preschool activities on young children’s performance in housework. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, with an experimental group and two control groups, to observe changes in children’s performance in housework before and after AI robot-assisted teaching. The study sample consisted of preschoolers from metropolitan Taipei, with 65 children in the experimental group, 53 in control group 1, and 75 in control group 2. Children participating in the research project required consent from the school, teachers, and parents. The children in the experimental group received AI robot-assisted instruction on household tasks for two days a week over three consecutive weeks, with each session lasting approximately 20–30 min. Control group 1 did not receive any experimental treatment, while control group 2 underwent the same learning schedule and content as the experimental group but was instructed by teachers instead of AI robots. The data were analyzed based on pre- and post-test surveys of parents observing their children’s performance in household tasks. Results: This study found that both AI robot-assisted teaching and teacher-led instruction enhanced children’s household skills, with the AI robot-assisted method showing slightly better results. These findings suggest that both technological tools and teacher guidance can effectively improve children’s housework performance, while artificial intelligence robots may provide young children with motivation and curiosity to learn due to their appearance and interactive design, which deserves further analysis. Conclusion: As technology rapidly advances, young children are exposed to various technological devices at an early age. Integrating technological media into future preschool teaching is inevitable, and leveraging tools like AI robots to support teaching, reduce teacher burden, and diversify instructional methods could be a direction worth considering.

A participatory lens to enhance collaborative learning among university students in rural South Africa

Collaborative learning has been recognised as a highly effective approach to enhancing critical thinking, problem-solving, and overall academic performance. However, rural university students face unique challenges that may hinder their participation and engagement in collaborative learning activities. This gap may subsequently affect their learning effectiveness, leading to poor academic performance. Therefore, this study explores the challenges faced by rurally located university students in collaborative learning and strategies to enhance their participation. The study is underpinned by social learning theory and framed within a transformative paradigm using a qualitative research approach. Participatory Research was employed as a research design to provide inclusive opportunities for participants to be actively involved in the process of finding solutions to their problems. Focus group discussions were conducted to elicit information from 10 randomly selected rural university students enrolled in a particular module at a selected university in the Eastern Cape province. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The results indicate that the main challenges faced by rural university students in collaborative learning include limited access to resources and technology, conflicting time schedules, and the unavailability of students. In contrast, providing adequate access to resources and technology, along with social and institutional support, is essential for enhancing collaborative learning among students in rural universities. In conclusion, promoting collaborative learning among rural university students requires universities to invest in adequate resources, implement flexible learning schedules, and create supportive learning environments.

Toward mastering foreign-language translations: transfer between productive and receptive learning

ABSTRACT Learners can study foreign language-English vocabulary (e.g., denken – to think) both receptively and productively. Receptive learning involves being cued with a foreign language word (e.g., denken) and trying to translate it (i.e., to think). Productive learning involves being cued with an English word (e.g., to think) and trying to produce the translation. When students use retrieval practice to learn foreign-language translations in one direction (e.g., receptively) until they correctly recall the translation, do they demonstrate transfer in the other direction (i.e., productively)? Across three experiments, we answered this question by manipulating the order of learning schedule (reception first followed by production or vice versa). For a given schedule, participants continued to practice retrieving translations (with feedback) using the dropout method until they correctly recalled each translation three times; they then proceeded to practice the pairs in the opposite direction until they correctly recalled each translation three times. Across all experiments, transfer was partial (learning in one direction did not entirely eliminate the need to practice in the other), but transfer did occur regardless of which schedule students used first during practice.

Indonesian Students' Mental Health in Taiwan: A Comparison of School-Age Students' and Indonesian Migrant Workers' Mental Health

Spirituality and empathy significantly impact many Indonesian migrant laborers in Taiwan are experiencing mental health issues, highlighting the importance of focusing on this aspect. Non-formal education provides both migrant workers and Indonesian children in Taiwan with suitable educational opportunities. Indonesian students studying in Taiwan: their mental health is analyzed and compared in this research. The study differentiates between students of school age and adult migrant workers studying in Taiwan. Utilizing a case study approach, the research involved seven student participants. The findings indicate that school-age students exhibit good mental health. Conversely, Indonesian migrant workers who are students face numerous challenges in non-formal education. They experience higher levels of stress, struggle to adhere to the learning schedule, frequently miss classes, and consequently, do not achieve optimal learning outcomes. The study also identified some students with autism who receive a specialized curriculum to ensure equal educational opportunities (Selvaprabu et al., 2024). These autistic students appear more disciplined and achieve their learning objectives, although at a slower pace. The research suggests implementing counseling strategies to motivate Indonesian migrant workers to pursue education and achieve equal learning opportunities. Additionally, there is a need for Taiwanese students to have access to their autonomous curriculum

Attitude and help-seeking behavior towards suicide among medical students in Jammu and Kashmir

IntroductionThe ongoing training process and medical curriculum of the medical profession are crucial for equipping them with necessary knowledge and skills, but it can also be challenging to balance the demands of a busy learning schedule, making this period stressful. This study has been aimed to determining the attitude towards suicide and their help-seeking behavior among medical undergraduates in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).MethodologyAcross medical colleges of the J&K region, an online survey was conducted among 275 medical undergraduates using Attitude Towards Suicide Scale-20 and General Help-Seeking Behavior Questionnaire. An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were carried out for statistical analysis in SPSS 25.0.ResultThe mean age of the participants was 22.05 years, including 116 male and 159 female students. Psychiatry posting was attended by 31.3% (N = 86) students. Students showed greater acceptability over suicide is preventable, and it is a cry for help. For personal and emotional problems, subjects preferred seeking help from informal sources, while for suicidal ideations, they exhibited inclination towards formal sources.ConclusionFindings of the result should be utilized in preventing negative mental health consequences and in planning assistance to them. Medical students within the institution should receive counselling services from the psychiatry department in a non-stigmatizing manner.

Improving deep neural network random initialization through neuronal rewiring

The deep learning literature is continuously updated with new architectures and training techniques. However, weight initialization is overlooked by most recent research, despite some intriguing findings regarding random weights. On the other hand, recent works have been approaching Network Science to understand the structure and dynamics of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) after training. Therefore, in this work, we analyze the centrality of neurons in randomly initialized networks. We show that a higher neuronal strength variance may decrease performance, while a lower neuronal strength variance usually improves it. A new method is then proposed to rewire neuronal connections according to a preferential attachment (PA) rule based on their strength, which significantly reduces the strength variance of layers initialized by common methods. In this sense, PA rewiring only reorganizes connections, while preserving the magnitude and distribution of the weights. We show through an extensive statistical analysis on image classification tasks that performance is improved in most cases, both during training and testing, when using both simple and complex architectures and learning schedules. Our results show that, aside from the magnitude, the organization of the weights is also relevant for better initialization of deep ANNs.

Evolving High-Performance Computing Data Centers with Kubernetes, Performance Analysis, and Dynamic Workload Placement Based on Machine Learning Scheduling

Evolving High-Performance Computing Data Centers with Kubernetes, Performance Analysis, and Dynamic Workload Placement Based on Machine Learning Scheduling

MANAJEMEN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KESETARAAN PAKET C DI HOMESCHOOLING PUTRAGAMA SEMARANG

The purpose of this study determines and describes (1) the management of package C equivalency education program which includes planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising, and (2) the supporting and inhibiting factors in the management of package C equivalency education program at Homeschooling Putragama Semarang. The research method is descriptive qualitative with data collection by observation, interview, and documentation. Data validity test with triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed (1) management includes (a) planning; setting goals; program objectives; teaching materials, methods and media; tutor qualification standards; time and place of implementation; and funding sources, (b) organizing, including division of tasks and responsibilities; preparation of organizational structures; and preparation of facilities, (c) implementation, including providing motivation; teaching materials; methods; media; materials and learning schedules, and (d) supervision, internal and external. (2) Supporting factors of the program are the managers, staff, and tutors who can work well together, are cooperative, solid, and competent in carrying out their duties, in addition to the presence of psychological services and parents who are also cooperative. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are students who lack discipline in participating in learning activities.

Innovating Cybersecurity Education Through AI-augmented Teaching

In traditional teaching frameworks, instructors face significant obstacles in offering current and synchronized learning materials and examples, especially when the course is taught by multiple instructors. This situation can affect the quality of the course's learning outcomes. These challenges become more pronounced in today’s higher education, because of the heightened complexity arising from the need to cover a range of course materials, diverse student backgrounds, varying skill levels, and different student expectations—all within the constraints of a fixed teaching and learning schedule. Furthermore, due to resource constraints, not every instructor has the availability of a teaching assistant (TA). Especially, while the demand for cybersecurity continues to rise, the dynamic nature of the cybersecurity field leads to the frequent emergence of new issues and incidents. To address these challenges, we examine the capabilities of generative AI to innovate teaching techniques and methods for cybersecurity curricula. We further explore the novel challenges introduced by generative AI, including issues related to privacy, data ownership, transparency, and other associated concerns, underscoring the need for comprehensive solutions. Our work further examines the teaching and learning capabilities of dynamically generated, up-to-date class materials in a personalized study environment augmented by AI. The adaptability of AI-augmented teaching across various disciplines will bring innovation to higher

Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual Berbasis Channel Youtube dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an

Character education should be implemented from an early age because early age really determines a child's ability to develop their potential. Problems found at Al-Ikhsan TPA include not respecting ustadz, rarely reciting the Koran, behaving impolitely, and there are still people who say dirty words at Al-Ikhsan TPA, Terbanggi Besar District. This research is field research with a qualitative descriptive nature, while the data analysis method uses a deductive method. Utilization of Audio Visual Learning Media Based on YouTube Channels in Forming Children's Character at Al-Ikhsan TPA, namely First, Introduction by preparing equipment including TV, Wifi and YouTube channels. Second, Exploration, namely students have diverse characters, activated through active, innovative, creative, effective and fun learning methods. Third, restructuring, namely the concept of learning by watching YouTube channels and continuing with the question and answer method. Fourth, implementation, namely a 60 minute learning process by broadcasting a YouTube channel about the stories of prophets and apostles. Fifth, Review or Evaluation, namely a question and answer session to evaluate children's understanding of the meaning contained in the YouTube channel. The use of audio visual media based on YouTube channels can shape the character of children at Al-Ikhsan TPA, especially children who have religious, honest, curious, hard working, social care and responsibility characters. Learning using the YouTube channel has several obstacles, including an unstable network and bad weather, resulting in changes to the learning schedule. Therefore, researchers provide recommendations in the form of adding a learning schedule by utilizing the YouTube channel 2-3 times a week, this is done so that children's character formation becomes more effective and optimal.

Smart Education: An Emerging Teaching Pedagogy for Interactive and Adaptive Learning Methods

Smart education, which incorporates technology to enhance teaching and learning, offers several advantages that can benefit both students and educators. Personalization: Smart education can adapt to individual students' needs and learning styles. It offers personalized learning paths, allowing students to progress at their own pace and receive targeted support in areas where they need it most. Smart education can be accessed from virtually anywhere with an internet connection, making learning more accessible to students regardless of their location. This is especially valuable for remote or underserved communities. Technology-enhanced learning often includes interactive elements, multimedia, and gamification, which can increase student engagement and motivation. Interactive simulations and virtual labs can make complex concepts more approachable. Smart education platforms provide immediate feedback to students, helping them understand their mistakes and guiding them toward improvement. This immediate feedback loop can accelerate the learning process. Smart education allows for flexible learning schedules. Students can access materials and complete assignments at their convenience, making it easier to balance education with work or other responsibilities. Digital resources, including videos, animations, and interactive simulations, can provide a richer and more dynamic learning experience compared to traditional textbooks. Smart education systems collect and analyze data on student performance. Educators can use this data to identify struggling students, track progress, and adjust their teaching methods accordingly.

Neurodevelopment and Metabolism in the Maternal-Placental-Fetal Unit.

Disturbances in maternal, placental, and fetal metabolism are associated with developmental outcomes. Associations of maternal, placental, and fetal metabolism with subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes in the child are understudied. To investigate the metabolic associations within the maternal-placental-fetal unit and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This cohort study was conducted within a subset of the Markers of Autism Risk in Babies, Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) cohort. MARBLES is a prospective birth cohort of younger siblings of children with ASD assessed for neurodevelopmental outcomes at approximately age 36 months. Participants in MARBLES were recruited through the UC Davis MIND Institute. This subset of the MARBLES cohort included younger siblings born between 2009 and 2015. Maternal third trimester serum, placental tissue, and umbilical cord serum samples were collected from participants. Only pregnancies with at least 2 of these sample types were included in this analysis. Data analysis was conducted from March 1, 2023, to March 15, 2024. Quantitative metabolomics analysis was conducted on maternal third trimester serum, as well as placental tissue and umbilical cord serum collected at delivery. Using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Mullen Scales of Early Learning, outcomes were classified as ASD, other nontypical development (non-TD), and typical development (TD). This analysis included 100 maternal serum samples, 141 placental samples, and 124 umbilical cord serum samples from 152 pregnancies (median [IQR] maternal age, 34.6 [30.8-38.3] years; median [IQR] gestational age, 39.0 [38.6-39.7] weeks; 87 [57.2%] male infants). There was no evidence that the maternal third trimester serum metabolome was significantly associated with the other metabolomes. The placental and cord serum metabolomes were highly correlated (first latent variate pair: R2 = 0.75; P < .001) and the variate scores for each tissue were significantly associated with reduced risk of non-TD (placenta: relative risk [RR], 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.71; cord: RR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.70) but not ASD (placenta: RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.42-2.81; cord: RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.23-1.73) compared with the TD reference group. In this cohort study of children with high familial risk of ASD, placental and cord serum metabolism at delivery were highly correlated. Furthermore, placental and cord serum metabolic profiles were associated with risk of non-TD.

MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN PASRAMAN SAD DHARMA DWIJENDRA DI YAYASAN DHARMA LAKSANA MATARAM

This study aims to conduct a study of the learning management of the Pasraman Sad Dharma Dwijendra Mataran at the Dharma Laksana Foundation.This research was conducted using qualitative methods with descriptive data analysis. Data collection techniques used in this study were non-participatory observation techniques, structured and unstructured interview techniques, and documentation. The data obtained is then analyzed through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. To check the validity of the data using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Based on the results of the study, four findings were foud, namely 1). Lesson plans prepared by the teacher or Acarya include attendance, learning materials, learning models, strategies and methods, facilities and infrastructure, media, planning evaluation and paying attention to thr preparation of student or Brahmacari2). The organization of learning carried out by the teacher or Acarya includes organizing the learning schedule, organizing learning haours, organizing classes, organizing learning materials and resources, as well as organizing student or Brahmacari, 3). The implementation of learning carried out by the teacher or Acarya includes three stages, namely the preliminary activity stage, the core activity stage, the final learning activity stage; 4). The form of supervision or evaluation carried out by the teacher or Acarya is using practical methods, direct observation, and giving test orally and in writing to measure and know the skills and understanding of student or Brahmacari towards learning material.

Improving tertiary education via remote learning: Insights from students and educators

Relevance. The growing adoption of distance learning in higher education necessitates an understanding of the pedagogical conditions that facilitate its effective implementation. Purpose. This study aimed to identify the pedagogical conditions that support successful integration of distance learning technologies in higher education. Methodology. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 206 first- to fourth-year pedagogy students, complemented by interviews with 28 teachers. The survey and interviews focused on experiences, advantages, and disadvantages of distance learning from both students� and teachers� perspectives. Results. The findings revealed that 89% of students favoured distance learning, highlighting benefits such as time and budget savings, comfortable home learning environments, easy access to necessary information, and flexible learning schedules. However, 11% of students reported dissatisfaction due to issues like internet outages, perceived lower quality of education, and lack of communication with peers and instructors. Teachers identified several challenges, including students� information assimilation, their own adaptation to teaching in distance formats, and administrative hurdles. Conclusions. Distance learning technologies, distinct from traditional methods, emphasize independent student activities and the use of information technology for knowledge exchange. Addressing the identified challenges and leveraging the benefits can significantly enhance the distance learning experience. Keywords: student adaptation; self-education; network technologies; digitalisation in education; pedagogical conditions

The Implementation of Industrial Work Culture as an Effort to Educate Students' Character in Qualitative Analysis Practical Learning for Grade XI of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School

This research aims to implement industrial work culture as an effort to educate students' character in practical learning of Qualitative Analysis for grade XI of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach to survey results for students after completing the learning process with a block system lesson schedule, where students must comply with rules or regulations that instill discipline, responsibility and tough character. Students are required to submit practical reports within a certain time limit. The subjects in this research were eleventh-grade students of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School, totaling 32 students. The data were analyzed descriptively and present in tabular form. The results of the research showed that the majority agreed with the statements in the questionnaire given, where in the results of the evaluation survey of the block system learning schedule, 68.75% agreed that practical learning with the block system could improve student discipline and 31.25% strongly agreed. 59.38% agreed that practical learning with the block system could increase student’s endurance (physical and mental endurance) and 34.38% strongly agreed. 50.00% agreed that practical learning with the block system could train students to manage time and 43.75% strongly agreed. 46.88% agreed that practical learning with the block system could increase student learning motivation and 21.88% strongly agreed. 65.63% agreed that practical learning with the block system could further facilitate student’s level of understanding and 15.63% strongly agreed. Meanwhile, in the survey results regarding the rules for collecting practice reports with a certain time limit, 56.25% agreed that collecting practice reports with a certain time limit could improve student discipline and 31.25% strongly agreed. 59.38% agreed that collecting practice reports with a certain time limit could increase student’s endurance (physical and mental endurance) and 34.38% strongly agreed. 59.38% agreed that practical learning with the block system could train students to manage time and 28.13% strongly agreed. 46.88% agreed that practical learning with the block system could increase student learning motivation and 21.88% strongly agreed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of industrial work culture in the practical learning for grade XI of Analytical Chemistry Department at SMK-SMTI Yogyakarta Vocational School can be a character education effort, which is supported by the survey results, where the majority agreed with the statements in the questionnaire given to student representatives who were the objects of research

Prenatal perceived stress and urinary cortisol as risk factors for ASD and non-typical developmental outcomes in the MARBLES study

BackgroundFindings for prenatal stress, previously measured through stressful life event surveys items or biomarkers, in association with ASD are inconsistent. We prospectively examined prenatal perceived stress and prenatal urinary cortisol (PUC) in association with ASD and other non-typical developmental (Non-TD) outcomes in the child in a high familial likelihood cohort. MethodsThe Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire was used to measure perceived stress in the longitudinal Markers of Autism Risk in Babies: Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) Study. Cortisol was measured through 24-hr urine collections. At three years of age, an algorithm consisting of scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) was used to classify children with ASD, Non-TD, or typically developing (TD) outcomes. Relative risk ratios (RRR) with TD as the reference were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. ResultsIncreased perceived stress was associated with Non-TD in trimester 1 (RRR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.21) and ASD in trimesters 2 and 3 (RRR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14 and RRR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, respectively). Results with PUC were non-significant but were in the direction consistent with previous findings suggesting that decreased cortisol levels are associated with higher likelihood of ASD. ConclusionsFindings support the hypothesis that higher perceived stress is associated with increased likelihood of ASD and possibly Non-TD, relative to TD. This suggests that stress reduction interventions during pregnancy could serve as preventative measures that help optimize the child’s long-term health. Larger studies are needed to replicate these findings.

IoT workload offloading efficient intelligent transport system in federated ACNN integrated cooperated edge-cloud networks

Intelligent transport systems (ITS) provide various cooperative edge cloud services for roadside vehicular applications. These applications offer additional diversity, including ticket validation across transport modes and vehicle and object detection to prevent road collisions. Offloading among cooperative edge and cloud networks plays a key role when these resources constrain devices (e.g., vehicles and mobile) to offload their workloads for execution. ITS used different machine learning and deep learning methods for decision automation. However, the self-autonomous decision-making processes of these techniques require significantly more time and higher accuracy for the aforementioned applications on the road-unit side. Thus, this paper presents the new offloading ITS for IoT vehicles in cooperative edge cloud networks. We present the augmented convolutional neural network (ACNN) that trains the workloads on different edge nodes. The ACNN allows users and machine learning methods to work together, making decisions for offloading and scheduling workload execution. This paper presents an augmented federated learning scheduling scheme (AFLSS). An algorithmic method called AFLSS comprises different sub-schemes that work together in the ITS paradigm for IoT applications in transportation. These sub-schemes include ACNN, offloading, scheduling, and security. Simulation results demonstrate that, in terms of accuracy and total time for the considered problem, the AFLSS outperforms all existing methods.

Dynamic curriculum learning for conversation response selection

Curriculum learning (CL) has demonstrated its potential to fine-tune pre-trained models for the response selection task. However, existing CL works exhibit a significant reliance on fixed data buckets and a pre-ordained learning schedule. This paper seeks to transcend these constraints by proposing a novel dynamic curriculum learning (DCL) algorithm that employs: (1) a new difficulty measurement that amalgamates linguistic features with model confidence, and (2) an automatic uncertainty-based learning scheduler with a dynamic data sampling policy. This unique approach enables the model to autonomously assemble rational data batches and adjust the curriculum stage by itself. Empirical experiments show that our DCL method reveals its superior performance over three strong baselines and the competitive method on three multi-turn dialogue datasets. The in-depth analysis demonstrates our approach dynamically adapts the CL process, which in turn makes effective use of existing data and alleviates data scarcity.

Evaluasi Efektivitas Program Pembelajaran Hybrid Pasca Pandemi COVID-19 Dan Pengembangan Website Pembelajaran Online

During the pandemic, educational institutions closed schools, campuses and the learning process was carried out without face-to-face in class, then along with the pandemic disaster, many innovators created learning facilities without having to be in classrooms by utilizing information technology, namely internet connections with computer networks. The goal is to take advantage of the advantages of both methods. Hybrid learning has advantages and disadvantages, namely: (1) Flexibility: Provides convenience for students to arrange learning schedules according to their needs; (2) Diverse learning experiences: Combining traditional approaches and the latest technology; (3) Digital skills development: Encourage learners to be more skilled in using technology. The research method used is research and development (R &amp; D), which is a basic research activity to obtain information on user needs (needs assessment), then continued with development (development). From the analysis of the data obtained, that the hybrid learning program (combination) of online and face-to-face learning in the classroom has a positive effect on learning outcomes. The hybrid learning method, which integrates aspects of online with face-to-face learning, remains relevant even outside of pandemic conditions with various justifications. Hybrid learning programs, which combine online and face-to-face learning, have a positive influence on learning outcomes. Hybrid learning offers a variety of advantages, including flexibility, enriching learning experiences, adapting to student needs, mastery of technology, preparation for the future, personalized learning, balance of life and learning, cost and resource savings, and promoting collaboration and networking.