Student Learning Independence Research Articles

EMPOWERING INDEPENDENT LEARNING THROUGH ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON ITS IMPACT FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

BACKGROUND The integration of assistive technologies in educational settings offers a promising avenue to enhance the learning experience for students with disabilities. These technologies, including voice recognition software, screen readers, and customizable learning management systems (LMS), have the potential to promote autonomy and engagement by accommodating diverse learning needs. This research will evaluate the effectiveness of these assistive technologies in supporting independent learning among these students. RESEARCH AIM The research aims to assess the usage and accessibility of assistive technologies in GBS, quantify their impact on students with disabilities, and identify the most effective technologies for enhancing learning outcomes. METHODS The study will involve surveys and performance metrics analysis among students with disabilities across various campuses of GBS. Statistical methods, including regression analysis and t-tests, will be employed to analyse the data. RESULTS Expected findings include detailed insights into assistive technology usage patterns and quantitative evidence of their impact on independent learning and academic performance. Recommendations for effective assistive technologies will be provided. CONCLUSION This research is expected to offer empirical evidence on the role of assistive technologies in supporting independent learning for students with disabilities, guiding educational institutions towards creating more inclusive environments.

Development of Assessment Instruments with a Contextual Approach to Determine the Profile of Conservation Education and Learning Independence on Biodiversity

Conservation education is one of the noble values that must be preserved and students can maintain the sustainability of biodiversity around them. This study aimed to develop an assessment instrument to determine the profile of conservation education and learning independence on biodiversity. This type of research is R D with a 4-D model. The population of the study is all students of grade 10 of State Senior High School 1 Godean and the samples used are grade 10D and 10F. The data collection technique used a five-question essay instrument sheet to determine conservation education and a Guttman scale questionnaire instrument to determine learning independence. The analysis technique used descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results of this study were that the instrument was said to be good with revisions according to the construct validator. The validity of the question items showed that the essay questions were said to be valid, reliable, had a discriminatory power between good enough, and the difficulty level ranged from easy to moderate according to the empirical validator. The value of students' conservation education fell into the good category with a complete value achievement of 73%. Students' learning independence is also classified as very high, because all indicators are dominated by very high indicators. These results indicate that the profile of conservation education and learning independence of students at State Senior High School 1 Godean is classified as good and very high

USE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF RWANDA

This study explored the impact of English language proficiency on students performance in Mathematics in Kirehe Districts public secondary schools. It aims to assess students English skills in math classes, identify challenges stemming from language barriers, and determine the correlation between English proficiency and math performance. The research involved 336 students, from which 183 respondents, including head teachers, teachers, and students from four schools, were selected through purposive and random sampling methods. A descriptive research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted, with data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and observations, then analyzed using SPSS version 21. Findings revealed that 76.5% of students understood basic math terms in English, while 89.7% felt confident discussing challenges in math. However, 81.8% struggled with complex instructions due to unfamiliar vocabulary. Anxiety about using English was noted by 86.8% of students, and 94.1% reported difficulties with lengthy word problems. The study found a significant correlation between teachers English skills and student performance, participation, and learning independence. Recommendations include prioritizing access to English resources, providing teacher incentives for language skill enhancement, and using clear, concise language in instruction. Further research on the relationship between English proficiency and students attitudes toward Mathematics is suggested.

The Relationship Between Peer Groups and the Learning Independence of Biology Education Students

Purpose of the study: This research aims to determine the relationship between peer groups and the learning independence of biology education students. Methodology: This type of research is quantitative with a correlation method. The population of this study was Biology Education Students, totaling 263 people with a sample size of 132 people. Sampling was carried out using Simple Random Sampling. The data collection techniques used are the learning independence scale and the peer group scale. The data analysis technique is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with product moment correlation techniques. Main Findings: The research results based on descriptive statistical analysis show that independence in learning is in the low category with an average value of 88.56 and the peer group is in the medium category with an average value of 87. Meanwhile, the results of inferential statistical analysis show that rcount is greater than rtable or 0.27 ≥ 0.24, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between the peer group and the learning independence of students. Where is the sig value. 2-tailed is 0.00 ≤ 0.05. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contributes to explaining the social aspects of independent learning that are often overlooked in previous literature. While much research has explored internal factors that influence learning independence, the emphasis on the role of peer groups as external agents influencing students' motivation, mindset, and learning styles, is an innovative focus point. This enriches our insight into how social interaction with fellow students can have a significant influence on the level of learning independence of Biology Education students.

The Effect of PJBL and IBL on the Learning Independence of Vocational School Students

The influence of Project Based Learning (PJBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) learning models on students' learning independence at SMK Solo. PJBL and IBL were chosen as innovative and student-centred learning models, focusing on increasing students' independence and active involvement in the learning process. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that PJBL provided a significant increase in student independence, with an average pre-test score of 44.01, increasing to 70.38 in the post-test. Meanwhile, students who took IBL experienced an increase from 46.85 to 59.77. The t-test showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test with a significance value of 0.000 (sig <0.05), indicating that both learning models contributed positively to increasing student independence. The results of the multivariate analysis supported this finding, with an F value of 3.052 and a significance of 0.018 (sig <0.05), indicating that PJBL was more effective than IBL in increasing independence. However, in the aspect of student creativity, no significant difference was found between the two models, with a significance value of 0.157 (sig > 0.05). In conclusion, PJBL is superior in encouraging student independence compared to IBL, and the results of this study provide important recommendations for educators to prioritize PJBL in the context of learning that focuses on developing student independence in vocational schools.

Pengembangan buku ajar pembuatan kemeja pria dan efektivitasnya bagi siswa kelas XI Tata Busana SMK di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Background: Textbooks are essential in facilitating independent and structured learning for students, supporting teachers in delivering curriculum-aligned material, and ensuring vocational high school students gain relevant industry skills for effective knowledge transfer and achievement of learning objectives. Purpose: This study aims to produce textbooks for making men's shirts that are worthy of being used as instructional materials and to know the effectiveness of using textbooks for students of class XI at SMK Negeri Gunungkidul District. Method: This study is research and development (R&D) with reference to the Borg and Gall development model, namely:1) Conducting product analysis, 2) Developing initial products, 3) Expert validation and revision, 4) Small-scale field trials and product revisions, 5) large scale field trials and final products. The product trial design consists of media experts and material experts, as well as field trials. Data collection techniques are, observation, questionnaires and tests. The feasibility test of teaching books was analyzed using descriptive analysis. Whereas to test the effectiveness of textbooks, data were analyzed using the t-test with a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that textbooks for making men's shirts were categorized as feasible, with the assessment of media experts getting an average score of 4.6 and based on the assessment of material experts, they got an average score of 4.28. The resulting textbook is effective to be used for students of Class XI Fashion Design at SMK N 1 Saptosari, as evidenced by the average pretest value of 64.12 increasing in the posttest of 83.21, the result of tcount ≥ t table (22.028≥ 1.696).

Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Dalam Pembelajaran Pak Dengan Model Problem Based Learning Materi Kemampuanku Terbatas Fase D Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan

Education is currently still believed to be a very effective medium in building independent learning. The learning independence that the author means in this research is related to a condition where students are able to process themselves in making decisions and are responsible for the actions they take. To achieve the educational goals proclaimed by the government, the author as a Catholic Religious Education teacher wants to take part in This includes increasing the learning independence of students in PAK which is still very minimal, especially for students in the Simalungun Regency environment and especially class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan. This type of research is a type of classroom action research carried out in class with two face-to-face action cycles. To obtain data, the techniques used are observation, tests and documentation. Hypothesis analysis and testing techniques are quantitative descriptive, namely comparing the level of learning independence before this research was carried out, namely the initial condition of students' learning independence, increasing student independence after action I (cycle I) and increasing student independence after action II (cycle II), then reflected. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in the independence of phase D class VII students in each indicator by implementing the Problem Based Learning learning model.

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SD Negeri 1 Parapat Melalui Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Pendidikan Agama Katolik

of Catholic Religious Education and Ethics aims to shape students into individuals who have faith, piety, and noble character. This research focuses on increasing the spiritual potential of students through the introduction and cultivation of religious values. However, the lecture method that has been used has resulted in low motivation and student learning outcomes. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Parapat with the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model to improve student independence and learning outcomes. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. The results of the pre-test showed that only 2 out of 6 students were complete. In the first cycle, there was an increase in the average score to 76.7 with classical completeness of 70%. In the second cycle, the average grade increases to 100%, with 100% of students achieving completion. This study concludes that the PBL method is effective in improving student learning outcomes, independence, and creativity. The advice for teachers is to apply the PBL method consistently, for students to actively seek learning resources, and for schools to recommend PBL methods in each subject. This research emphasizes the importance of further development in the application of PBL for religious education.

Penerapan Model PBL Berbantuan Media Audiovisual pada Materi Perempuan dan Laki-laki sebagai Citra Allah untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Kemandirian Kelas V FASE C SDN 10 Sadok

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes and independence through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by audiovisual media on the material "Women and Men as Images of God" in Class V Phase C SDN 10 Sadok. This study uses a classroom action research (CAR) method with two cycles, involving planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 5 class V students. The instruments used included learning outcome tests, independence observation sheets, and interviews. The results showed that the application of the PBL model assisted by audiovisual media significantly improved student learning outcomes, as well as encouraged independence in the learning process. The average value of student learning outcomes increased from the first cycle to the second cycle, as did the independence indicators shown through student activity, responsibility, and independence in solving problems. These findings indicate that the use of the PBL model supported by audiovisual media is effective in developing students' understanding of Catholic Religious Education material as well as critical and independent thinking skills.

Upaya Meningkatkan Mandiri Belajar Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Metode Kooperatif Learning pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Bagi Siswa Kelas IX SMPN 2 Banyuke Hulu

This research desires to know the Cooperative learning model in general in an effort to improve the independent learning of students in the classroom. Data collection and literature study using Classroom Action Research through data from cycle 1 and comparison results from cycle II. Cooperative is willing to help or be cooperative, in cooperative activities always require a group. While the Group is a group of several people who have the same goals desires and expectations. Meanwhile, group learning is a process of planned and directed learning activities involving more than one person so that where between one person and another complement each other. In learning the Cooperative method in this Classroom action research aims to increase independent learning, which means that if students are able to learn independently, it can describe that increased learning in Catholic religious education. The problem in this study is that the application of cooperative learning methods has not been applied optimally in learning. Research based on the problem, (a) How is the implementation of cooperative learning methods in Catholic Religious Education lessons to improve independent learning in class IX students of SMPN 2 Banyuke Hulu. (b) How is the improvement of student learning outcomes after applying Cooperative Method learning in Catholic religious education subjects. The objectives of this action research are; (a) to find out the Implementation of Cooperative Method Learning in Catholic religious education. (b) to determine the increase in student learning outcomes after the application of Cooperative Method Learning in Catholic religious education subjects for class IX students of SMPN 2 Banyuke Hulu.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar PAK dengan Metode PBL Berbantuan Metode Reward Kelas V SDN 101791 Deli Serdang

This research is motivated by the problem, namely the low learning outcomes of students in Catholic Religion subjects regarding the subject of women and men being called to develop. The low learning outcomes of students are caused by various factors, including teachers still using domination methods in the learning process, causing the learning process to become passive and boring, also causes low student learning outcomes. In connection with the problems above, through the Problem Based Learning method, it is hoped that the right way to improve the quality of Catholic Religion learning at SDN 101791 Deli Serdang is to improve student learning outcomes with the help of Reward media. It is hoped that it can improve student learning outcomes regarding the material Women and Men are Called to Develop. The method used in this research is classroom action research (PTK), using the classroom action research model from Kemmis & McTaggart which consists of four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. These four stages were carried out in two research cycles where each cycle focused on material about Women and Men Called to Develop using the PBL method. This research was carried out at SDN 101791 Deli Serdang with research subjects being class V students. The aim of this research is to find out whether the use of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Reward media can increase the creativity of Phase C students in class V on the material Women and Men Are Called to Develop. And to find out how the use of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Reward media can improve student learning outcomes. The results of the research in Chapter IV which has been presented in two cycles, and which have been analyzed, can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can increase the creativity of Phase C students with the help of Reward Material: Women and Men Are Called to Develop, with an average student score of 77.75 in cycle 1 and cycle 2 there was an increase in the student average to 90.37, thus the student's independent learning results increased by 25% from the observation results of Cycle 1 and cycle 2, so reward media can improve student learning outcomes. The material for women and men is called to develop.

Implementation of STEAM and Thematic Learning Models Assisted by STEMATIK Learning Media in Elementary School

Learning is not only about giving theories, but instilling concepts is more important to teach to students. One of the concepts instilled in mathematics, namely the arithmetic material of addition and subtraction for elementary school. STEMATIK learning media supports students' understanding in introducing the arithmetic concepts of addition and subtraction for lower elementary school classes. This research aimed to explain the component analysis of integrating STEAM and thematic learning using STEMATIK learning media, to describe the importance of using learning media in enhancing students’ independence and motivation to learn, and to present the results of using STEMATIK learning media as a tool for learning mathematics. The research method employed was a quasi-experiment. Quantitative data analysis was conducted to analyze the data collected from the research instrument, including validation instruments by two experts in the form of learning media feasibility instruments and pretest and posttest assessment results on 31 elementary school students on the control group and the experimental group. The validity test used T-test by SPSS application. The product development process was based on the ADDIE model, a systematic approach that includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The method used in this research was the descriptive, qualitative and quantitative method. The research results show that for the validity test the increase in knowledge scores significantly using the T test with the SPSS application produces two sides of less than 0.001. The level of student learning independence is good, achieving a score of 68,14, which according to the category is considered good. The percentage for the student learning motivation category falls into the high criterion. The result of these indicators shows a score of 83, which is categorized as high.

Utilizing the E-Book System in Supporting Students’ Literacy and Independent Learning

The development of the E-Book system in supporting learning literacy is very beneficial for students in the era of globalization. In today’s era of globalization, it has utilized the E-Book system in various schools in the learning system. The use of E-Books in learning has a positive impact on the present and the future. This study aims to understand the concept of utilizing the E-Book system in supporting students’ literacy and independent learning by utilizing the E-Book system in education and to find out the extent of the development of the E-Book system in education. So that teachers and students can use this E-Book system as a means of learning. The method used by the researcher in conducting this study is quantitative, with data obtained through disseminating questionnaires online using Google Forms. The word was processed using the SPSS application by statistical analysis through the ANOVA test; after completing the data test, the researcher presented the data in the form of graphs and tables containing respondents. The results of this study show that the introduction of an offline-based E-Book system will be able to support the literacy and independent learning of students in the world of education. Using the E-Book system in education brings various benefits, such as increasing student participation and supporting the understanding of complex concepts. Learning that utilizes the E-Book system has progressed compared to learning that still uses its own learning method, and cannot compete in the world of education. This study concludes that utilizing the E-Book system, especially independent learning, positively impacts education. The use of the E-Book system is expected to build interactive and effective learning resources. The use of the e-book system in education shows that it can improve the quality of learning and provide advantages in the educational process.

Research on College Students' Attitudes Towards Online Learning Platforms and Their Impact on Learning Engagement: A Case Study of the "Cloud Classroom" Teaching Platform

With the continuous advancement of information technology and its deepening integration with educational teaching, online learning has developed rapidly. Online learning platforms have become increasingly sophisticated, and many universities choose Yun Class as the platform to provide diverse teaching interactions for teachers and students. To understand students' attitudes towards using the Yun Class platform for professional courses and its impact on student engagement, a survey was conducted among 80 junior college students majoring in Finance at the College of Applied Sciences, Beijing Union University, from the class of 2022. The collected data were organized and analyzed using software such as SPSS26, Amos22, and Graphpad7.0. Research findings show that students' attitudes towards using Yun Class significantly influence two sub-dimensions of learning engagement—emotional engagement and behavioral engagement. This indicates that students generally support the use of the Yun Class platform for professional courses, and this supportive attitude positively affects their learning engagement. The study concludes that Yun Class, as an aid to teaching, embodies the student-centered teaching philosophy and provides a convenient and powerful learning platform for independent student learning, which is worth promoting. It also points out that the implementation of teaching using the Yun Class platform must highlight the crucial role of teachers, strengthen supervision and guidance, focus on cultivating students' ability for independent learning, and improve the learning outcomes based on the Yun Class platform.

The Role of Parent Support and Confidence in the Learning Independence of High-Grade Elementary School Students

Learning independence is an attitude in individual learning to achieve goals and actively contribute to the learning process without relying on others. Students who have learning independence will be able to overcome various problems faced, especially in learning activities. However, the existing phenomenon shows that there are still students who have problems in learning independence, such as not evaluating their learning activities, giving up easily on difficult tasks, and not seeking information from various learning sources. The study aims to see the effect of parental support and self-confidence on learning independence at SDN Tanggul Sidoarjo. This research is correlational quantitative research. The study population consisted of high-grade students at SDN Tanggul Sidoarjo with a total of 124 students, and all students were used as research samples. The data collection technique in this study uses a scale of Parental Support, Self-Confidence, and Learning Independence. This technique is used to find out the effect of parental support and self-confidence on the learning independence of high school students. Analysis of the research results using multiple linear regression with the help of JASP. The results of the study showed a p value of 0.001 <0.05, which indicates a significant effect of parents' support and self-confidence on learning independence in high school students at SDN Tanggul Sidoarjo.Kemandirian belajar adalah sikaip dalam pembelaijaran individu untiuk mencapaii tujuan serta berkontriibusi aktif dalam proises pembelajaran tanpa bergiantung pada orang lain. Siswa yang memiliki kemandirian belajar akan mampu mengatasi berbagai masalah yang dihadapi, terutama dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Namun, fenomena yang ada menunjuikkan baihwa masiiih terdiapat siiswa yang memiiliki masalah dalam kemandiirian beilajar, seperti tidak mengevaluasi kegiatan belajarnya, mudah menyerah pada tugas yang sulit, dan kurang mencari informasi dari berbagai sumber belajar. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dukungan orang tua dan kepercayaan diri terhadap kemandirian belajar di SDN Tanggul Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas tinggi di SDN Tanggul Sidoarjo dengan jumlah 124 siswa, dan seluruh siswa dijadikan sampel penelitian. Teknik peingumpulan data dalam peneliitian ini menggiunakan skala Dukungan Orang Tua, Kepercayaan Diri, dan Kemandirian Belajar. Teknik ini diigunaikan uintiuk mengietahui peingiaruh dukungan oiraiing tuia dan kepercaiyaan diiri teirhadap kemaindirian beilajar paida sisiwa keilas tinggi sekolah dasar. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan JASP. Hasil penelitian diketahui nilai p sebesar 0,001 < 0,05, yang mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh signifikan dukungan oraing tuia dan kepericayaan diri teirhadap keimandirian beilajar pada siiswa keilas tinggi di SDN Tanggul Sidoarjo.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PBL BERBANTUAN ICE BREAKING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII MTs ZIA SALSABILA

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by ice breaking on students' mathematical representation abilities and learning independence. The method used is a quantitative method with an experimental research type. The sample consists of 27 students of VIII B as an experimental class and 20 students of class VIII A as a control class at MTs Zia Salsabila Bandar Setia. The results of the study showed that the t-test analysis that had been carried out obtained a p-value = 0.00 0.05 and p-value = 0.0001 0.005. The data explains that is accepted and is rejected. The average n-gain obtained in the experimental class was 0.64 and 0.57 while the control class obtained a value of 0.16 and 0.29 so that the average difference in n-gain was 0.48 and 0.28. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the mathematical representation ability and learning independence of students who learn using the PBL learning model assisted by ice breaking are better than students who learn in class with conventional learning models. There is an influence of the use of the PBL learning model assisted by ice breaking on students' mathematical representation abilities and learning independence.

Pengaruh efikasi diri dan motivasi belajar terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa akuntansi kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Medan

This study aims to examine the effect of self-efficacy and learning motivation on learning independence in basic accounting equation material. The population was 140 students of class X AKL State Vocational High School 1 Medan. The sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling which amounted to 104 students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The data analysis method uses PLS Algorithm and bootstrapping test with Smart PLS 4.1.0.1. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that self-efficacy and learning motivation have a positive effect on learning independence. Suggestions that can be given from this research are a reference for schools and educators regarding the importance of self-efficacy and learning motivation in influencing student learning independence.

Gambaran Kemandirian Belajar Siswa SMP N 1 Bayang

This research was motivated by the large number of students who did not do their assignments, did not bring textbooks, this was caused by the low level of student learning independence. This research aims to describe the picture of independent learning of students at SMP N 1 Bayang. This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach. The sample in this study was 131 students at SMP N 1 Bayang who were selected using the starified random sampling technique. Data was obtained using a valid and reliable learning independence questionnaire. The research results show that the learning independence of SMP N 1 Bayang students is generally in the medium category (66.47).

Development of a Scaffolding Learning Strategy to Increase Student Learning Independence at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru

This research aims to develop learning strategy scaffolding to increase student learning independence. Research uses methods Research and Development (R&D) ADDIE development model. This research was carried out at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru on Fixed Assets material. Data was collected through 3 learning strategy experts and 2 material experts. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive. The research results show that the strategy development instruments and materials created are valid and suitable for use in research. The results of product trials show that the development of learning strategy scaffolding effectively increasing student learning independence. Results pretest Learning independence shows that 55.18% of students are in the low category. Then post test shows 41.37% of students have high learning independence. Student learning outcomes also showed an increase and student responses showed that 59% of students chose learning strategy scaffolding is in the good and useful category. Thus it can be said that the development of learning strategy scaffolding increase student learning independence.

The Influence of Realistic Mathematics Education on the Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability and Learning Independence of Class V Students at Jarakan State Elementary Schools

<p>This research aims to describe the influence of the realistic mathematic education approach model on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities and define the impact of the realistic mathematic education approach on students' learning independence. The sample used in this research was the VA and VB classes of Jarakan State Elementary School, with 35 students in each class. This type of research is quasi-experimental research. The instruments used in this research were test questions on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities and learning independence questionnaires. The research test carried out by the researcher used a significance level of 5% so that if the significance value is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the realistic mathematic education approach positively affects students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The learning independence test can be seen by comparing the total score, mean value, and percentage of the level of student response contained in the descriptive statistical analysis. If the score, mean, and percentage of student response level percentage of the experimental class are higher than the control class, it can be concluded that the realistic mathematic education approach has a positive influence on student learning independence.</p>