Lean Meat Proportion Research Articles

Heterogeneity of Intramuscular, Intermuscular, and Subcutaneous Fat in Laiwu Pigs: Insights from Targeted Lipidomics and Transcriptomics

In the livestock industry, an excessive accumulation of subcutaneous fat diminishes the proportion of lean meat, while elevated intramuscular fat (IMF) content is associated with enhanced meat quality. However, the heterogeneity of various fat depots in pigs remains incompletely understood. Comprehensive tissue section, lipidomic, and transcriptomic analyses indicated that the maturity of IMF was significantly less than that of both intermuscular and subcutaneous fats. We identified 467 lipids across 29 lipid classes in total, revealing that IMF exhibits unique lipid composition and transcriptional profiles. More importantly, several lipids, including GalCer, S1P, CL, AcCa, PC-O, PE-O, and sulfatide, are highly enriched in intramuscular fat and may play pivotal roles in neuromodulation, mitochondrial function, lipogenesis, and membrane signaling. In conclusion, we unveiled unique lipid composition and molecular regulatory pathways of porcine IMF, offering new insights for the synergistic breeding that aims at optimizing pig backfat thickness and IMF content.

H3K27ac modification and transcription characteristics of adipose and muscle tissues in Chuxiang Black pig.

The establishment of high-quality pork breeds for improving meat quality in the pig industry is needed. The Chuxiang Black (CX) pig is a new breed developed from Chinese local pigs and Western lean pigs that has a high proportion of lean meat and excellent meat quality. However, the characteristics of cis-regulatory elements in CX pigs are still unknown. In this study, cis-regulatory elements of muscle and adipose tissues in CX pigs were investigated using ChIP-seq and RNA sequencing. Compared with the reported cis-regulatory elements of muscle and adipose tissues, 1768 and 1012 highly activated enhancers and 433 and 275 highly activated promoters in CX muscle and adipose tissues were identified, respectively. Motif analysis showed that transcription factors, such as MEF2A and MEF2C, were core regulators of highly activated enhancers and promoters in muscle. Similarly, the transcription factors JUNB and CUX1 were identified as essential for highly activated enhancers and promoters in CX adipose tissue. These results enrich the resources for the analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the pig genome and provide new basic data for further meat quality improvement through breeding in pigs.

Grass-based finishing of early- and late-maturing breed bulls within suckler beef systems: Performance, profitability, greenhouse gas emissions and feed-food competition

Demand for beef is increasing but concerns about the environmental impact of ruminant-protein production and food security are also increasing. Animal performance, profitability, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and feed-food competition within spring-calving suckler grass-based systems in which the males, progeny of either early- (EM) or late-maturing (LM) breed sires, were finished from pasture-alone or pasture-plus-concentrate supplementation, at 19.5 months-of-age, were evaluated. Sixty yearling bulls, previously offered grass silage ad libitum and supplementary concentrates during a first winter ‘store’ period, were assigned within breed type (EM or LM) to a pasture-finishing strategy of grass only (G-G) or grass + 3.2 kg dry matter of a barley-based concentrate daily (G-GC). Bulls rotationally grazed Lolium perenne-based swards over a 192 day grazing season. Concentrates were offered to G-GC treatments for the final 95 days following which all animals were slaughtered. The experimental data produced were used to populate a whole-farm systems economic and environmental model to determine beef output, profit, GHG emissions and feed-food competition of spring-calving suckler calf-to-beef systems. There were no finishing strategy × breed type interactions. Supplementation increased slaughter weight (+37 kg), carcass weight (+27 kg), carcass fat score (+1.1 units, 15-point scale), and resulted in more yellow subcutaneous fat. The LM bulls were heavier at slaughter (+65 kg), had a heavier carcass (+45 kg), greater kill-out proportion (+14 g/kg), a greater lean meat proportion in the carcass (+35 g/kg), superior carcass conformation score (+1.4 units, 15-point scale), lower carcass fat score (-1.2 units), and more yellow subcutaneous fat than EM bulls. Compared to G-GC suckler calf-to-beef systems, G-G systems had lower beef output, were less profitable, had higher GHG emission intensities (kg CO2 eq) per kg live- (10.2 v. 10.1), carcass- (18.6 v. 18.1) and meat- weight (26.1 v. 25.5), but superior human-edible protein (HEP) and energy efficiencies. The LM-sired systems were more profitable, had lower GHG emission intensities, and superior HEP and energy efficiency than EM systems. The HEP efficiency ratios exceeded 1.0 (i.e. were net producers of protein) for the G-G treatments and ranged from 0.9 to 1.0 for the G-GC treatments, when offered the ‘control’ barley-soyabean meal based concentrate: alternatively, using by-product concentrate feedstuffs increased the HEP ratios to 3.9 or greater. In conclusion, the existence of synergies and trade-offs between sustainability metrics makes the selection of a beef production system that optimises all performance metrics difficult.

Genomic Scan for Runs of Homozygosity and Selective Signature Analysis to Identify Candidate Genes in Large White Pigs.

Large White pigs are extensively utilized in China for their remarkable characteristics of rapid growth and the high proportion of lean meat. The economic traits of pigs, comprising reproductive and meat quality traits, play a vital role in swine production. In this study, 2295 individuals, representing three different genetic backgrounds Large White pig populations were used: 500 from the Canadian line, 295 from the Danish line, and 1500 from the American line. The GeneSeek 50K GGP porcine HD array was employed to genotype the three pig populations. Firstly, genomic selective signature regions were identified using the pairwise fixation index (FST) and locus-specific branch length (LSBL). By applying a top 1% threshold for both parameters, a total of 888 candidate selective windows were identified, harbouring 1571 genes. Secondly, the investigation of regions of homozygosity (ROH) was performed utilizing the PLINK software. In total, 25 genomic regions exhibiting a high frequency of ROHs were detected, leading to the identification of 1216 genes. Finally, the identified potential functional genes from candidate genomic regions were annotated, and several important candidate genes associated with reproductive traits (ADCYAP1, U2, U6, CETN1, Thoc1, Usp14, GREB1L, FGF12) and meat quality traits (MiR-133, PLEKHO1, LPIN2, SHANK2, FLVCR1, MYL4, SFRP1, miR-486, MYH3, STYX) were identified. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of economic traits in Large White pigs and may have potential use in future pig breeding programs.

Genome-wide detection of CNV regions between Anqing six-end-white and Duroc pigs

BackgroundAnqing six-end-white pig is a native breed in Anhui Province. The pigs have the disadvantages of a slow growth rate, low proportion of lean meat, and thick back fat, but feature the advantages of strong stress resistance and excellent meat quality. Duroc pig is an introduced pig breed with a fast growth rate and high proportion of lean meat. With the latter breed featuring superior growth characteristics but inferior meat quality traits, the underlying molecular mechanism that causes these phenotypic differences between Chinese and foreign pigs is still unclear.ResultsIn this study, copy number variation (CNV) detection was performed using the re-sequencing data of Anqing Six-end-white pigs and Duroc pigs, A total of 65,701 CNVs were obtained. After merging the CNVs with overlapping genomic positions, 881 CNV regions (CNVRs) were obtained. Based on the obtained CNVR information combined with their positions on the 18 chromosomes, a whole-genome map of the pig CNVs was drawn. GO analysis of the genes in the CNVRs showed that they were primarily involved in the cellular processes of proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion, and primarily involved in the biological processes of fat metabolism, reproductive traits, and immune processes.ConclusionThe difference analysis of the CNVs between the Chinese and foreign pig breeds showed that the CNV of the Anqing six-end-white pig genome was higher than that of the introduced pig breed Duroc. Six genes related to fat metabolism, reproductive performance, and stress resistance were found in genome-wide CNVRs (DPF3, LEPR, MAP2K6, PPARA, TRAF6, NLRP4).

Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of "Sui Wu'u" traditional pork products from Bajawa, West Flores, Indonesia.

Sui Wu'u is a traditional meat preservation product from Bajawa, a region in East Nusa Tenggara. It is made by mixing pork with salt and corn flour, which is then stored in a bamboo container (tuku) for months. After 6 months of storage, this study examined the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of Sui Wu'u. Sui Wu'u products were prepared using the traditional recipe from the Bajawa community. Fresh pork (pork belly and backfat), corn flour, and salt were purchased from local/traditional markets at proportions of 65%, 30%, and 5%, respectively. The physicochemical, amino acid, fatty acid profile, microbiological, and sensory properties of Sui Wu'u were evaluated after being stored for 6 months in a bamboo container (tuku). The results indicated that these Sui Wu'u were mainly characterized by high-fat levels, followed by protein. The pH value, salt content, moisture content, and water activity were 4.72%, 1.72%, 6.11%, and 0.62%, respectively. Minerals (K, P, Se, and Zn) and vitamin B6, as well as amino acids, such as leucine, phenylalanine, lysine (essential amino acids), glycine, proline, glutamic acid, and alanine (non-essential amino acids), are present in Sui Wu'u. The fatty acid profile was dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (21.69%), saturated fatty acids (SFA) (17.78%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (5.36%). Monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1n9) was the most abundant fatty acid in Sui Wu'u, followed by palmitic acid SFA (C16:0); MUFA stearic acid (C18:0); and PUFA linoleic (C18:2n-6). The microbiological characteristics of Sui Wu'u showed no detectable microorganisms (<10 CFU/g) for Salmonella, total E. coli and total Staphylococcus, and average values of 4.4 × 105 CFU/g for total microbes, which were still below the maximum limit of microbial contamination according to the regulations of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The sensory assessment indicated that panelists highly preferred (rated as very like) Sui Wu'u for all sensory attributes. The physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of Sui Wu'u after 6 months of storage indicated that it still provides essential nutrients for the body and is quite safe for consumption. The stability of Sui Wu'u's shelf life can be attributed to the appropriate combination of pork, salt, corn flour, bamboo packaging (tuku), and storage temperature. The high-fat content in Sui Wu'u can be reduced by increasing the proportion of lean meat. Ensuring strict sanitation during the manufacturing process, using high-quality pork, salt, corn flour, and proper packaging with bamboo can further improve the safety of Sui Wu'u for consumption.

An automated method to quantify the composition of live pigs based on computed tomography segmentation using deep neural networks

Knowledge of the body composition of growing pigs is of interest to breeding companies and producers, as it can be used to optimize production. As an emerging noninvasive technology computed tomography (CT) has been extensively applied in animal production studies. Recently, deep learning has generated new insights in medical image segmentation. In this paper, we describe a noninvasive method to automatically divide and quantify the composition of live pigs based on CT imaging and the application of deep neural network. The method consists of torso segmentation, visceral tissue removal, and identification and quantification of bone, lean meat, and fat using CT scans. The challenge addressed by this method is to identify the internal organs with complex structures and variable densities, the heart, lung, liver, stomach, spleen, kidney, colon, cecum, esophagus, jejunum, uterine horn, bladder, ureter, and rectum. We developed a bidirectional convolutional residual (BCR) framework to automatically and precisely segment the internal organs in a set of CT scans, and all internal organs share one label to remove these organs at once. To facilitate comparison with previous models, we tested BCR framework and found that it outperforms the classical approaches U-Net, residual U-Net (Res-U-Net) and dense U-Net (Dense-U-Net). We experimented on 40 pigs and compared our method with manual dissection. The results correlated well, and demonstrate that our method can accurately estimate the body composition proportion of fat, lean meat and bone—of live pigs, so the method will be valuable for livestock production.

Integrated Microbiome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals a Positive Change in the Intestinal Environment of Myostatin Edited Large White Pigs.

Myostatin (MSTN) functional inactivation can change the proportion of lean meat and fat content in pigs. While both genotype and microbial composition are known to affect the host phenotype, so far there has been no systematic study to detect the changes in the intestinal microbial composition and metabolome of MSTN single copy mutant pigs. Here, we used 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolome analysis to investigate how MSTN gene editing affects changes in the microbial and metabolome composition in the jejunum and the cecum of Large White pigs. Our results showed that Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-007, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_6, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004 were significantly upregulated; while Treponema_2 and T34_unclassified were significantly downregulated in the jejunum of MSTN pigs. Similarly, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminiclostridium_9, Succinivibrio, Longibaculum, and Candidatus_Stoquefichus were significantly upregulated, while Barnesiella was significantly downregulated in the cecum of MSTN pigs. Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed significant changes in metabolites involved in purine, sphingolipid and tryptophan metabolism in the jejunum, while those associated with glycerophospholipid and pyrimidine metabolism were changed in the cecum. Spearman correlation analysis further demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between microflora composition and metabolites. Our analyses indicated the MSTN editing affects the composition of metabolites and microbial strains in the jejunum and the cecum, which might provide more useable nutrients for the host of MSTN± Large White pigs.

Nucleotide Sequence Variation in the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene Affects Growth and Carcass Traits in New Zealand Romney Sheep.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a mediator of the effects of growth hormone and polymorphism in the IGF1 gene (IGF1) is reported to affect fat deposition in some livestock species. In this study, nucleotide sequence variation in three regions of ovine IGF1 (part of the 5′ flanking region, the exon 3 region, and the exon 4 region) was investigated in 848 New Zealand Romney lambs using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses to ascertain if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) existed. Six SNPs were identified across these three regions. The effect of the sequence variation in the exon 3 and exon 4 regions on growth and carcass traits were investigated. One of the PCR-SSCP sequence variants in the exon 3 region was associated with variation in hot carcass weight, carcass fat depth at the 12th rib measured using video imaging and the percentage proportion of leg lean meat, whereas the other was associated with variation in growth rate to weaning. No associations were detected for the other gene regions analyzed. The results suggest that polymorphism in exon 3 of ovine IGF1 has potential for use as a gene-marker for some carcass and growth traits.

Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs

To compose the experiment, 160 male Topgen pigs - 80 surgically castrated (treatment 1) and 80 immunocastrated (treatment 2) - were randomly selected from a commercial swine farm at the moment of slaughter. Surgical castration was performed when the animals were seven days of age and immunocastration was performed by administering two doses (2 mL each) of immunocastration vaccine (analogue of GnRF linked to a carrier protein, development of anti-GnRF antibodies, 200 mg of a GnRF-protein conjugate/mL) when they were 104 and 132 days of age. Animals from both treatments were maintained in masonry stalls, where they received water and ad libitum diet (the same feed for both groups). The animals were slaughtered at 160 days of age, and the length and width of the testicles of immunocastrated animals were evaluated, along with the degree and number of carcass lesions, carcass traits and meat quality of both treatments. The means of these measurements were calculated and compared by Student´s t-test. For the immunocastrated treatment, Pearson´s correlation coefficients were also calculated for testicle length and width with backfat thickness. Approximately 80% of the immunocastrated animals had testicle widths of 11 cm or less. Immunocastrated animals showed higher degrees of lesions, pH (initial and 8 hours), hue, muscle depth and loin eye area and lower brightness, redness, chroma and backfat thickness than the surgically castrated animals. The correlation between testicle length and width with backfat thickness was inverse. Immunocastration can be an alternative to improve the proportion of lean meat (longissimus thoracis) instead of fat (backfat thickness) leading to better carcass and meat quality, since fat has become undesirable from a nutritional point of view in swine.

Grass silage for growing-finishing pigs in addition to straw bedding: Effects on behaviour and gastric health

In organic and other enriched housing systems, straw is commonly used as enrichment material for pigs. Its positive effects on health and behavioural welfare are well known. However, potential additional impacts of roughages (other than straw) have rarely been investigated. On six organic farms, we therefore investigated how providing grass silage affects behaviour, gastric health and performance of growing-finishing pigs. Per farm, two to four pens were included in the experiment, with group sizes ranging from five to 26 pigs (total n = 368), and stocking density ranging from 1.65 to 3.50 m2 per pig during finishing. Groups were provided with either grass silage (SIL) or straw (CON) in a rack. Long-stack straw was used as bedding material in all pens. Skin and tail lesions and tear staining were assessed four times throughout the fattening period, and behavioural observations were conducted three times. After slaughtering, pathological damages in the gastric mucosa were scored (score 0–6). Slaughter weight, lean meat proportion and proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in body fat were obtained. Data were analysed using linear mixed effect models and parametric bootstrap. Providing grass silage did not alter pen-mate directed manipulations (P > 0.1). Prevalence of tail lesions was too low to confirm numerical differences statistically (0.2% of all assessments in SIL vs 2.6% in CON). Pigs with access to grass silage were occupied longer with substrate (silage or straw) than CON pigs (P = 0.01). The prevalence of slight to severe damages in the gastric mucosa was not affected by treatment (score 0 vs. 1–6; P > 0.1). However, among those pigs that had damages at all, severe damages including gastric ulcers were less frequent in pigs provided with grass silage (score 1–4 vs. 5–6; P = 0.03). The overall prevalence of gastric ulcers (score 6) was 0.7% of all pigs in SIL and 6.1% in CON groups. No impact of grass silage provision was found for slaughter weight, lean meat proportion and body fat quality parameters. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that grass silage is an appropriate feed and enrichment material to stimulate species-specific foraging behaviour and to reduce the development of gastric ulcers.

Faktory ovlivnujici kompozici mastnych kyselin a oxidacni stabilitu tuku prasat

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selected factors affecting fatty acids (FA) composition in pig fat. In the experiment, the influence of nutrition, gender,carcass weight, lean meat proportion (LMP) and intramuscular fat (IMF) were monitored. The effect of diet, specifically the influence of added linseed or corn on the fatty acids composition in the backfat was studied in pigs. From the perspective of the required increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) only the addition of the linseed proved to have a significant effect.Another evaluated aspect concerning the FA spectrum was the gender. While the backfat in barrows showed higher (P≤0.05) amount of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), the backfat in gilts displayed a significantly higher proportion (P≤0.01) of the PUFA and total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). A significant effect on the PUFA proportion has also been demonstrated for the lean meat proportion (LMP)parameter, which therefore represents not only a qualitative carcass meat parameter but also plays an important role in relation to the FA composition in the fat in pigs.In connection to the FA proportion changes the study also monitored the fat oxidative stability with the use of the TBARS method. Concerning the oxidative stability the effects of nutrition, FA groups, gender, carcass weight and LMP were studied. The relationship between the above mentioned factors and oxidative stability was found to be insignificant.

Slaughter weight effect on carcass and meat quality of Muzaffarnagari lambs in intensive production system

Male Muzaffarnagari lambs (30) were equally divided into 3 slaughter weight groups i.e. A: 26.07±1.23 kg, B: 32.88±0.37 kg and C: 35.76±1.30 kg to evaluate carcass and meat quality traits. Slaughter weight significantly affected hot carcass weight but did not influence dressing percentage. Weight at slaughter showed linear relationship with grid reference (GR) measurements, loin eye area, back fat and breast fat thickness. Lean meat proportion was not affected by weight groups but bone percentage decreased at high slaughter weight, while fat percentage increased substantially. Slaughter weight did not affect meat chemical composition, pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity and shear force. No significant differences were observed in tenderness, flavour, juiciness and overall satisfaction among slaughter weight groups but juiciness scores were slightly high for heavier carcasses. The overall effect of slaughter weight on meat quality traits was minimal. Thus it is recommended to slaughter Muzaffarnagari breed within this range (groups B and C) of weights to reduce variation in meat quality and to get more income.

Effect of the Dietary By-Product Camelina Meal on Performances and Carcass Quality of TOPIGS Pigs

Camelina meal (CM) is a new and valuable by-product for finishing pigs . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repl acing sunflower meal (SM) with a C18:3-n3-rich by- product, CM on the performances (body weight, BW; feed intake, FI; average daily gain, ADG, feed efficiency, FE), carcass quality (fat thickness, FT ; eye muscle area, EMA; lean meat proportion in carcass (LMP, on live and slaughter animals) and cl asses of quality (CC) in fattening TOPIGS pigs. The fattening TOPIGS pigs (N=22; 68.45 kg ± 3.83, average weight) were assigned into 2 groups (C and E1). Group C received a compound feed with 12% sunflower meal, group E1 received the same compound feed but the sunflower meal was replaced by 12% CM, during 33 days. Fat thickness, EMA and LMP were assess on live animals using ultrasoni c equipment PIGLOG 105. Animal performances such as: final average body weight (C-98.00 kg; E1- 95.10 kg), FI (C-3.31 kg/day; E1-3.03 kg/day), ADG (C-0.866 kg/day; E1-0.836 kg/day) and FE (C-3.82 kg/kg; E1-3.62 kg/kg) weren't significantly affected (P>0.05) by CM. Fat thickness decreased (- 23%, P 0.05; + 6%, P<0.05) in the E1 group comparing to C group. Both trial groups were included in E classes according to EUROP system. In the pres ent research work, we demonstrated that feeding finishing pigs with CM improved their quality carca ss with possible benefits for human nutrition. To obtain more favorable results concerning bio-produc tive performances lower levels of CM inclusion are recommended.

Effect of the dietary by-product grape seed cake on performances and carcass quality of TOPIGS pigs

Grape seed cake (GSC) is a valuable by-product for pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GSC in the diet of finishing pigs on performances (body weight, BW; feed intake, FI; average daily gain, ADG; feed efficiency, FE; feed conversion, FC), carcass quality (fat thickness, FT; eye muscle area, EMA; lean meat proportion in carcass, LMP) and classes of quality (CC). Twenty four pigs during 24 days (75.63±1.41, BW) were assigned to 2 groups (control, C and experimental, GC). Group C received a classical compound feed whereas in the diet of group GC 3% corn and 2% protein sources were replaced by 5% GSC. PIGLOG 105 apparatus was used to measure the carcass quality. Muscle pH and temperature (T) at different periods of time (45’, 24 h and 48 h) was assessed by pH-meter (Hanna HI 99163). The BW (C-97.83kg, GC-102.00 kg; P>0.05), FI (C-3.41 kg/day; GC-3.42 kg/day; P>0.05), ADG (C-0.848 kg/day; GC-0.848 kg/day; P>0.05), FE (C-4.02 kg feed/gain; GC-4.03 kg feed/gain kg; P>0.05), FC (C-0.25 kg gain/feed kg; GC-0.25 kg gain/feed kg) showed that the GSC maintaining the physiological state of the animals. The LMP slightly increased in the carcass of GC comparing with C. The muscle pH and T (45’ and 24 h) wasn’t affected by (P>0.05) GCS. All carcass were included in E class. In conclusion feeding finishing pigs with GSC, not significantly affect the animal performances or carcass quality.

Photochemical transformation of terbutaline (pharmaceutical) in simulated natural waters: Degradation kinetics and mechanisms

In this study, varied nature organic matter isolates were employed to investigate the indirect photo transformation of terbutaline, which is a major feed additive medicine to increase the proportion of lean meat in the livestock. In the indirect photolysis of terbutaline under solar simulated irradiation, 1O2 plays an important role among the •OH and 3DOM∗. The reaction rate constant of 1O2 was determined as (7.1 ± 0.3) × 106 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.0, while the reaction rate constant of •OH was (6.87 ± 0.43) × 109 M−1 s−1. The contribution of singlet oxygen to the indirect photolysis of terbutaline (19–44%) was higher than that of the hydroxyl radical (1–7%). The pseudo first order rate constants for the photodegradation of terbutaline increase with increasing pH, which indicates that pH mainly affects the reaction rate of the singlet oxygen with the phenolic part of the terbutaline. The Quinone was identified as the main photosensitized product through LC–MS/MS analysis. It is also proposed that the degradation pathway of terbutaline involves reaction between the phenolic part of terbutaline and singlet oxygen. This finding strongly suggests that singlet oxygen was important factor for the photodegradation of terbutaline in natural waters.

Carcass and physical meat characteristics of thin tail sheep (TTS) based on calpastatin gene (CAST) (Locus intron 5 – exon 6) genotypes variation

The quality of sheep carcass is mostly determined by the total lean meat production, meat distribution on the carcass and the quality of meat. Calpastatin gene (CAST) is known to have an association with carcass and meat quality traits. The objective of this research was to identify the association between CAST polymorphisms and carcass characteristics in Thin Tail Sheep (TTS). Thirty three heads of sheep representing three genotypes of CAST (CAST-11, CAST-12 and CAST-22) were identified for carcass and meat characterisation. There was no significant difference between CAST polymorphisms with meat tenderness, pH, water holding capacity and cooking loss, neither with carcass weight and dressing percentage among genotypes. Shoulder proportion of CAST-11 genotype was larger than that of CAST-12 or CAST-22, but the lean meat proportion of CAST-22 genotype in shoulder, rack and loin were higher than those of CAST-11 but not different from CAST-12. The fat percentage of CAST-11 was the highest among the genotypes. CAST-22 genotype has higher lean meat percentage than the CAST-11. Variation in CAST gene could be used as marker assisted selection in sheep for higher lean meat proportion. Key Words : Calpastatin, Polymorphisms, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, Thin Tail Sheep

豚の屠体における筋肉, 脂肪, 骨の割合 (II)

豚の屠体における筋肉, 脂肪, 骨の割合 (II)

豚の屠体の筋肉, 脂肪, 骨の割合について

豚の屠体の筋肉, 脂肪, 骨の割合について

Rendimiento y composición de la canal de cabritos machos Saanen x Criollo a dos pesos de sacrificio

Infórmation on the carcass value of Saanen x Criollo male goats produced in small goat dairies in the 10th Region of Chile was collected. Twenty entire mate goats reared artificially on milk replacer and some concentrate up to weaning weight (10 kg) and on pasture and concentrate thereafter, were used. A group of 10 goats was slaughtered at 12 kg (G.1) and a second group aleo of 10 goats at 20 kg (G.2) live weight. During the slaughtering procedure the weight of all body componente and the hot carcass was registered. A jointing of the left side carcasses according to chilean standards for lamb, and a fúll dissection of each joint followed.The mean hot carcass weight was 4.5 and 8.8 kg with a killing out proportion based on live weight of 39.2 and 43.6% in goats of G.1 and G.2 respectively. Proportional yields of most body componente were higher in G.1 except for the full gastrointestinal tract which was higher in G.2. At jointing differences between groups were observed in the mean proportions of testicle, kidney, leg and rib joint, being the proportion of the testicle and the rib joint higher in G.2 . 'The proportional yields of muscle were 60.8 and 64.1 %, total di ssectable fat (subcutaneous + intermuscular) 4.7 and 7.8% and bone 30.3 and 25.1 %, in G.1. and G.2, respectively. The resulte indícate that, in terms of dressing proportion and yield of lean meat, it is better not to slaughter entire male Saanen x Criollo goats before 20 kg live weight.