Leaf Clipping Research Articles

Effect of leaf clipping on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

An experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm, Dhaka to investigate the effect of variety and leaf clipping on the growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) from March to June-2019. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were Blackgram variety (3); V1: BARI Mash-1, V2: BARI Mash-2 and V3: BARI Mash-3, and leaf clipping (4); C0: No leaf clipping (control), C1: Clipping of 1st basal leaf, C2: Clipping of 2nd basal leaves and C3: Clipping of total apical leaves having no inflorescence. Growth, yield and yield contributing characteristics were compared under different treatments. Results indicated that variety and leaf clipping significantly affected most of the growth and yield contributing characteristics of blackgram. In the case of variety, mthe aximum value of the yield and yield contributing characteristics such as pod−1 length (8.99 cm), pods plant−1 (14.00), number of seeds pod−1 (9.78), 1000 seeds weight (48.58 g), and seed yield (1381.70 kg ha−1), were observed in var. BARI Mash-3. In the case of leaf clipping, maximum pod length (8.44 cm), pods plant−1 (15.18), seeds pod (9.32), 1000- seeds weight (48.33 g), seed yield (1306.7 kg ha−1), was recorded in Clipping of 1st basal leaf treatment. The blackgram var. BARI Mash-3 and clipping of 1st basal leaf was found superior in producing maximum pod length (9.32 cm), number of pods plant−1 (16.87), number of seeds pod−1 (10.80), 1000- seeds weight (51.67 g), and seed yield (1456.70 kg ha−1). So, var. BARI Mash-3 and clipping of 1st basal leaf may improve the growth and yield of blackgram.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 9-17

Effect of Added Urea Foliar Spray and Leaf Clipping on Growth and Yield Response of Mungbean

An experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, during March to May 2018 to study the impact of added urea foliar spray and leaf clipping on growth and yield of mungbean. The experiment was laid out in Split-plot Design with three replications and composed of four levels of urea foliar spray viz. F0 = Recommended Fertilizer (RF) + No Foliar Spray (FS), F1 = RF + 1% Urea FS at Flower Initiation (FI), F2 = RF + 2% Urea FS at FI, F3 = RF + 3% Urea FS at FI and four levels of Leaf clipping viz. C0 = No leaf clipping, C1 = Clipping 1 basal leaf, C 2 = Clipping 2 basal leaves, C3= Clipping total apical leaves having no inflorescence. Results indicated that foliar spray and leaf clipping had significant effect on most of the growth and yield contributing parameters. In case of foliar spray of urea, the maximum plant height, nodules plant-1, highest above ground dry matter plant-1, pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield were recorded from F0. In case of leaf clipping, all growth and yield attributes were recorded highest from C1. Regarding combined effect, the highest growth and yield parameters were recorded from the treatment combination of F0C1. So, F0 along with C1 is suggested for yield improvement in mungbean cultivation.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 57-65

Metabolites and Plant Hormones Related to the Resistance Response to Feeding Stimulation and Leaf Clipping Control in Chinese Pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.)

This experiment was conducted to define changes in metabolic pathways in response to mandibulate insect feeding and to provide a reference for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of conifer resistance. Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) in good growth status in natural condition was chosen for stimulation by 10 pine caterpillars (Dendrolimus tabulaefomis Tsai et Liu) as feeding stimulation (FS), leaf clipping control (LCC) as mechanical damage, and CK group (with no treatment) (recorded as 0 h). The metabolome and total flavonoid content were measured in the needles at 0, 2, and 8 h after treatment. Plant hormones were measured with needles at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after different treatments. The results show that a total of 30.8% flavonoids are identified by metabolomics analysis. Compared with leaf clipping control, feeding stimulation of Chinese pine caterpillars significantly induced the upregulation of metabolites in the flavonoid pathway in Chinese pine, and the plant hormones JA and IAA showed expression trends consistent with those of the metabolome. According to the biological processes of the four plant hormones involved, JA and SA are mostly involved in resistance formation, and in this study, both of them also have fluctuating expressions influenced by feeding stimulation, while the expressions of the growth-related hormones IAA and ABA have no significant changes at other time points except for 1 h after treatment. Thus, the flavonoid pathway is one of the main pathways involved in resistance formation in conifers, and JA and IAA are involved in the formation of resistance.

Effect of Nitrogen Rates and Leaf Clipping on Forage and Grain Yield, and Seed Quality of Transplant Aman Rice

Sustainable fodder production is difficult from limited cultivable land occupied for food grain production. This paper presents the results of the experiment designed to test the hypothesis that forage could be produced along rice grain from the same rice field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of N-rates and leaf clipping on forage and grain yield; and seed quality of transplant Aman (wet season) rice. Four nitrogen (N) rates (N1=46, N2=69, N3=92 and N4=115 kg N ha-1) and four times of leaf clipping viz, C0=No leaf clipping, C1=leaf clipping at 25 DAT (Days after transplanting), C2=40 and C3=55 DAT were evaluated following split-plot design with three replications. BRRI dhan41 was used in the experiment. N rates, leaf clipping times and its interaction had significant effects on forage and grain yield, yield components and seed quality except thousand grain weight. The results revealed that forage yield increased with increasing N rates and leaf clipping times. Grain yield was higher in higher N rates and early leaf clippings, however, it was decreased in the late clipping (55 DAT). The highest mean grain yield (5.25 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of 115 kg N ha-1 (N4) and no leaf clipping (N4C0) which was statistically similar (5.18 t ha-1) to N3C0 (5.18 t ha-1), N3C1 (5.10 t ha-1) and N4C1 (5.06 t ha-1). The lowest mean grain yield (3.17 t ha-1) was obtained from N1C3. Grain yield was reduced by 3, 6 and 24% in C1, C2 and C3, respectively compared to C0 (No leaf clipping). Qualitative characters (germination and vigour index) of seed increased with increased N rates, however it decreased in the delayed leaf cuttings. Application of 92 to 115 kg N ha-1 with early leaf clipping (25 to 40 DAT) might be allowed to attain moderate forage yield, higher grain yield, and quality seed of transplant Aman rice.
 Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 49-57

Effect of Leaf Clipping on Morphological Features and Yield in Mungbean Genotypes

Effect of Leaf Clipping on Morphological Features and Yield in Mungbean Genotypes

Palm Date Leaf Clipping: A New Method to Reduce PAPR in OFDM Systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the key technology used in high-speed communication systems. One of the major drawbacks of OFDM systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. The transmitted signal with a high PAPR requires a very large linear range of the Power Amplifier (PA) on the transmitter side. In this paper, we propose and study a new clipping method named Palm Clipping (Palm date leaf) based on hyperbolic cosine. To evaluate and analyze its performance in terms of the PAPR and Bit Error Rate (BER), we performed some computer simulations by varying the Clipping Ratio (CR) and modulation schemes. The obtained results show that it is possible to achieve a gain of between 7 and 9 dB in terms of PAPR reduction depending on the type of modulation. In addition, comparison with several techniques in terms of PAPR and BER shows that our method is a strong alternative that can be adopted as a PAPR reduction technique for OFDM-based communication systems.

Leaf Clipping and Population Density Effects on Green Fodder and Grain Yield for Hybrid Maize (Zea mays) in Bangladesh

Smallholder farmers having fragmented lands need fodder and grains simultaneously for earning food security for their families. A study was conducted in Crop Physiology and Ecology Research Field and Laboratory at Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh during the period of March to July-2013 to investigate the effect of leaf clipping and population density on fodder and grain yield in maize. Three population densities (D1= 75 cm × 25 cm, D2= 60 cm × 20 cm and D3= 50 cm × 20 cm) and three clipping treatments (C1 = no clipping, C2 = removal of all leaf blades below the lowermost cob and C3 = removal of all leaf blades above the uppermost cob) at the silking stage were included as experimental treatments. The experiment was laid out in a two factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that D1 required the maximum days to attain most of the phenological stages of maize. Higher population density (D3) with C3 clipping treatment gave the highest plant height, whereas D1 with non-clipping treatment gave the lowest. Highest total dry matter (TDM) was found in D2 with C1 and the lowest was found in D1 with C1 treatment. The highest yield (8.88 t ha-1) and harvest index (36.2%) were found in D3 treatment whereas the lowest yield (5.92 t ha-1) in D1 population density but harvest index (32.6 %) was lowest in D2. The highest yield (8.33 t ha-1) and harvest index (35.5 %) were obtained from C1 treatment and the lowest yield (6.55 t ha-1) and harvest index (33.5 %) were obtained from C3 treatment. The highest fodder yield (3.33 t ha-1) was obtained from D3 treatment and the lowest (2.11 t ha-1) in D1 treatment. In C2 treatment, the highest amount of fodder (4.67 t ha-1) was obtained. The interaction between population density and leaf clipping treatment showed a significant variation among the yield and yield attributes in maize. It is indicated that D3 and C1 combination showed the best performance in respect of grain yield (9.67 t ha-1) and harvest index (38.3 %) of maize. But for both grain and fodder yield, D3 with C2 showed the best performance.

Effects of Leaf Clipping and Population Density on Green Fodder and Grain Yield in Hybrid Maize

Effects of Leaf Clipping and Population Density on Green Fodder and Grain Yield in Hybrid Maize

Effect of Flag Leaf Clipping on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Hybrid Rice in Boro Season

The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Field of Agricultural Botany Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh, during October, 2017 to May, 2018 to study rice varieties (viz. BRRI Hybriddhan1, BRRI hybrid dhan2, Heera2, Heera4, Nobin and Moyna) were used for this study. The experiment was laid out in Split-plot Design with three replications. All the test varieties exhibited superiority in control condition. The tallest plant (115.2) was recorded from Moyna at harvest effect of flag leaf clipping on growth yield, and yield attributes of hybrid rice varieties in Boro season. Six hybrid stage and higher individual flag leaf area (81.61cm2) was observed from Heera4. Penultimate leaf area and third leaf area (78.98 cm2 and 46.95cm2, respectively) were obtained from BARIhybriddhan2. The highest number of leaves (67.33) and spikelet panicle-1 (219) were observed from Heera4. Among test rice varieties, higher grain yield (6.01tha-1) and biological yield (13.45 tha-1) were also achieved from Heera4. Days to maturity was significantly varied from 123 (Nobin) to 145 (BRRI Hybriddhan1) among the studied varieties. Chlorophyll content (SPAD value) in penultimate leaf after 15 days after heading, grain filling duration, yield contributing characters and yield were investigated after cutting of flag leaf. Regardless of variety, all the studied parameters were exhibited superiority in control treatment. Chlorophyll and nitrogen content (SPAD value) in penultimate (1.35% to 17.27%) and grain filling duration were increased (4.5 to 6.25 days) by virtue of clipping of flag leaf. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1, filled grains panicle-1, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield were recorded from Heera4 under control condition. The clipping of the flag leaf reduced grain yield from 15.69% to 29.43% in the test Boro rice varieties.

Detection of grapevine yellows symptoms in Vitis vinifera L. with artificial intelligence

Grapevine yellows (GY) are a significant threat to grapes due to the severe symptoms and lack of treatments. Conventional diagnosis of the phytoplasmas associated to GYs relies on symptom identification, due to sensitivity limits of diagnostic tools (e.g. real time PCR) in asymptomatic vines, where the low concentration of the pathogen or its erratic distribution can lead to a high rate of false-negatives. GY’s primary symptoms are leaf discoloration and irregular wood ripening, which can be easily confused for symptoms of other diseases making recognition a difficult task. Herein, we present a novel system, utilizing convolutional neural networks, for end-to-end detection of GY in red grape vine (cv. Sangiovese), using color images of leaf clippings. The diagnostic test detailed in this work does not require the user to be an expert at identifying GY. Data augmentation strategies make the system robust to alignment errors during data capture. When applied to the task of recognizing GY from digital images of leaf clippings—amongst many other diseases and a healthy control—the system has a sensitivity of 98.96% and a specificity of 99.40%. Deep learning has 35.97% and 9.88% better predictive value (PPV) when recognizing GY from sight, than a baseline system without deep learning and trained humans respectively. We evaluate six neural network architectures: AlexNet, GoogLeNet, Inception v3, ResNet-50, ResNet-101 and SqueezeNet. We find ResNet-50 to be the best compromise of accuracy and training cost. The trained neural networks, code to reproduce the experiments, and data of leaf clipping images are available on the internet. This work will advance the frontier of GY detection by improving detection speed, enabling a more effective response to the disease.

Effect of Leaf Clipping on Yield Attributes of Modern and Local Rice Varieties

Impact of five different types of leaf clipping on the yield attributes of modern (Binadhan-8) and local (Terebaile) rice variety was evaluated on pot experiments following a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Leaves were cut according to the treatment. Data were collected on panicle length (cm), filled grain panicle-1, unfilled grain panicle-1, thousand grain weight (g), grain weight panicle-1 (g). In Binadhan-8, flag leaf alone or flag leaf with 2nd leaf and 2nd and 3rd leaves cutting showed profound reduction in grain number panicle-1 (35.14, 62.62, and 51.83%, respectively) and grain weight panicle-1 (29.18, 58.37 and 48.93%, respectively) while, cutting of 2nd leaf and 3rd leaf alone exert no significant impact compared to control. Number of unfilled grain increased with higher intensity of leaf cutting. In Terebaile, only flag leaf cut showed non-significant impact on grain number panicle-1 and grain weight panicle-1. Profound impact was observed by cutting flag leaf with 2nd leaf (55.47 and 48.98%, respectively) and flag leaf with 2nd and 3rd leaf (58.96 and 63.13%, respectively). Leaf clipping had non-significant effect on thousand grain weight of modern variety Binadhan-8 while, it had significant effect in TerebaileBangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 101-104

Re-emergence of the leaf clip gesture during an alpha takeover affects variation in male chimpanzee loud calls.

Loud calls are used by many species as long-distance signals for group defense, mate attraction, and inter- and intragroup spacing. Chimpanzee loud calls, or pant hoots, are used in a variety of contexts including group coordination and during male contests. Here, we observed an alpha male takeover in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) during which the leaf clipping gesture re-emerged after disappearing for almost two years in this community. Leaf clipping only occurred in males and was observed almost exclusively prior to pant hoot vocalizations, as has been observed in other chimpanzee communities of the Taï forest in Côte d’Ivoire. Consequently, we hypothesized that leaf clipping may be important for male-male competition by affecting variation in the acoustic properties of male chimpanzee loud calls. We therefore investigated whether pant hoots preceded by leaf clipping differed acoustically from those without, while also testing the influence of social context on pant hoot variation, namely male dominance rank and hierarchy instability, i.e., before, during and after the alpha takeover. We found that pant hoots preceded by leaf clipping were longer, contained more call elements and drum beats, and lower fundamental and peak frequencies. Moreover, during the alpha takeover pant hoots were shorter, contained fewer drum beats and higher fundamental frequencies. Additionally, pant hoot and aggression rates were also highest during the alpha takeover with leaf clipping more likely to occur on days when pant hooting rates were high. Overall social rank had limited effects on pant hoot variation. We suggest that elevated arousal and aggression during the alpha takeover triggered the re-emergence of leaf clipping and the associated acoustic changes in pant hoots. Further research should focus on the potential mechanisms by which leaf clipping is connected to variation in pant hoots and cross-population comparisons of the behaviour.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Inoculation and Growth Rate on Rice by Leaf Clipping Method.

Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious bacterial diseases and a major impediment to the increase of rice yield. Appropriate methods for inoculation of Xoo and disease scoring are necessary to investigate the nature of the disease and the mechanism of plant resistance to the pathogen. As the most-widely grown crop in the worldwide, rice yield plays an important role in food security. Uncovering mechanisms of plant-pathogen interaction of rice and Xoo will help develop rice plants that are more resistant to disease caused by Xoo. Here we describe our validated and efficient methods for inoculation of Xoo and disease scoring.

The Effects of High Temperature and Leaf Clipping on the Occurrence of Milky White Kernels with Different Patterns of Chalkiness in Endosperm

The Effects of High Temperature and Leaf Clipping on the Occurrence of Milky White Kernels with Different Patterns of Chalkiness in Endosperm

Underestimate of PS2 efficiency in the field due to high leaf temperature resulting from leaf clipping and its amendment

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, an indicator of the maximum efficiency of PS2, is routinely measured in the field with plant leaves darkened by leaf clips. I found that on a sunny day of subtropical summer, the Fv/Fm ratio was often underestimated because of a large F0 value resulted from a high leaf temperature caused by clipping the leaf under high irradiance, especially for long (e.g. 20 min) duration. This phenomenon may overestimate the down-regulation of PS2 efficiency under high irradiance. When leaf temperature was lower than 40 °C, the F0 level of rice leaves under clipping remained practically unchanged. However, F0 increased drastically with leaf temperature rising over 40 °C. In most measurements, no significant difference in Fm was found between rice leaves dark-adapted by leaf clips for 10 min and for 20 min. Therefore, shading leaf clips to prevent a drastic increase of leaf temperature, using F0 measured immediately after the leaf being darkened to calculate Fv/Fm, as well as shortening the duration of leaf clipping are useful means to avoid an underestimate of Fv/Fm.

Effect of Leaf Clipping on Plant Growth and Green Fodder Yield of Different Cultivars of Transplant Aman Rice

Effect of Leaf Clipping on Plant Growth and Green Fodder Yield of Different Cultivars of Transplant Aman Rice

Increased Reproductive Allocation of Rumex japonicus Caused by Leaf Clipping

Abstract To elucidate the effects of herbivory by chrysomelid beetles on Rumex japonicus, rosette leaves were clipped and the subsequent fruit production and root growth were observed. The increase of leaf biomass of some clipped plants was greater than that of control plants, although this varied among individual plants. The root growth of clipped plants was less than that of control plants. Fruit production increased with plant size, and there was no difference in fruit production between clipped and control plants. Reproductive allocation (fruit biomass, relative to fruit biomass plus root growth) increased with plant size; it was greater in clipped plants than in control ones. Based on these results, reproductive allocation strategy against herbivory was discussed.

Effect of Row Ratio and Leaf Clipping on MR365A Outcrossing and Seed Yield

Effect of Row Ratio and Leaf Clipping on MR365A Outcrossing and Seed Yield

Colonization of Bentgrass Turf by Curvularia lunata After Leaf Clipping and Heat Stress

Colonization of Bentgrass Turf by Curvularia lunata After Leaf Clipping and Heat Stress

Studies on the hfluence of light interception upon the self-sterility of sugar beet

For the purpose of obtaining inbred lines of sugar beet for F1 hybrid production, the authors studied selfing from la.52 to 1954. Self-fertilization of sugar beet is ordinarily very rare since sugar beet is self-sterile. In oLlr experiments, however, successful set resulted from crosses between two clonal parts of a longitudinally divided beet root. At the early bolting stage, one part was treated with leaf clip-ping or with covering by black cotton cloth and a marsh reed curtain, and the other part lvas not treated. The highest seed setting rate was observed under short day (15.6% for the all treated flowers) and seed set was always higher in the SD treated parts. Noticeable differences were seen in the oxidation-reduction potential of treated and untreated parts of the same root of male (anther) and female (ovary) flowers. Differences in nutrient status (N, P, K) determined by petiole test in fresh plants were also observed. From the experimental results the conclusion was drawn that this method might prove useful for obtaining inbred lines successfully.