Presidential Leadership Research Articles

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS: IMPROVING THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT

This article provides a brief overview of the formation and development of the Kazakh parliament as one of the main political institutions of the democratization process in the country from a historical point of view. The purpose of the scientific research is to analyze the election campaigns of members of parliament, carried out on the basis of radical political reforms carried out in the country under the direct leadership of President K.K. Tokayev, in accordance with the requirements of today. At the same time, the most important feature of this study is that it is conducted in a different environment, when our society is undergoing constitutional transformations characteristic of the period of the beginning of its true democratization.

Presidential Leadership in Feeble Times: Explaining Executive Power in the Gilded Age by Mark Zachary Taylor

Presidential Leadership in Feeble Times: Explaining Executive Power in the Gilded Age <i>by Mark Zachary Taylor</i>

Semi-presidentialism and war: executive leadership models in Ukraine during Zelenskyi’s presidency

ABSTRACT Following Russia's invasion, Ukraine exemplifies presidential leadership during full-scale war. This study examines executive coordination from Zelenskyi's mid-2019 election to the February 2022–July 2023 war period, using media sources and official data. It introduces three new leadership models – figurehead-leader, arbiter-management and leader-implementer – to capture evolving intra-executive relations in semi-presidential systems. Power centralisation around the president has accelerated, fitting the leader-implementer model. However, in accordance with the arbiter-manager model, a stricter division of labour, especially in domestic policy, is evident. Despite semi-presidentialism's perceived conflict-proneness, the study shows it can function efficiently and allow executive flexibility during significant crisis.

The Racial Integration of the American Armed Forces: Cold War Necessity, Presidential Leadership, and Southern Resistance by Geoffrey W. Jensen (review)

The Racial Integration of the American Armed Forces: Cold War Necessity, Presidential Leadership, and Southern Resistance by Geoffrey W. Jensen (review)

Presidential leadership in higher education: Balancing collaboration and competition in a time of systemic change

AbstractResearch on senior leadership in higher education systems is urgently needed, particularly in the context of system‐wide transformations. This study focuses on a critical juncture in Ireland, during which Institutes of Technology (IoTs) collaborated to undergo ‘redesignation’ as Technological Universities (TUs). Based on interviews with the fourteen presidents of the IoTs, this research employs the Community of Practice framework to analyse their interactions, strategies, and approaches to a policy‐initiated, systemic change. Despite decades of pervasive competition, these senior leaders formed a community of practice as they worked collectively to achieve the common goal of TU status. Four key themes emerged: Embracing a more expansive external role; Acknowledging obstacles to collective leadership; Forming groups, collaborating and competing; and Leading calmly and fostering unity. The findings of this study advance our understanding of three interconnected fields: senior leadership practices in higher education, the interplay of collaboration and competition in higher education; and the facilitation of policy‐induced systemic change within higher education systems. Our findings have significant implications for institutional leaders, policymakers and scholars aiming to comprehend and improve leadership practices in higher education.

Laughter and effective presidential leadership: A case study of Ronald Reagan as the 'great communicator'.

Former United States President Ronald Reagan's use of media and his charismatic connection with viewers earned him the moniker "the great communicator". One aspect of his charisma, the influence of elicited laughter, during a highly critical 5-minute news story by CBS reporter Leslie Stahl during the 1984 US presidential election is examined here. Two experiments examining the effects of audience laughter on perceptions of charismatic leadership are reported. In the first experiment the effects of audience laughter in response to Reagan's comments were investigated. Here, Reagan's perceived warmth as an effective leader significantly diminished when strong laughter is removed, whereas perceptions of competence remained unaffected. The second study carried out on an older cohort replicated and extended the first in a pre-registered design by considering the perception of trait charisma. Here, the presence or absence of audience laughter did not affect judgements of charisma. Additionally, the affective response before, and then after, the presentation of the news story was measured. Emotions associated with a positive appraisal all decreased after being shown the news story while emotions associated negative appraisal all increased. However, only participant anger was significantly increased when audience laughter was removed. Taken together the findings of both studies converge on the fact that subtle changes in media presentation of political leaders can have a significant effect on viewers. The findings show that even after 40 years in office the social psychological effects of presidential charisma can still influence observers.

Sex Disparity: The Real Crisis in the HBCU Presidential Leadership Crisis Narrative

ABSTRACT A national narrative around a historically Black college and university (HBCU) presidential turnover rate crisis has emerged in the last few years. Much of the narrative around this story is absent or lightly nods to the contextual adversities facing historically Black colleges and universities and their decades of under-resourcing. Almost none of the narrative analyzes the HBCU presidential turnover rates in context of the national landscape of higher education. This work presents not only the national content of presidential turnover rates for HBCUs in context of the national landscape, but it also presents further examination of the consistent and emergent trends for HBCU executive leadership with a specific examination of the data surrounding sex disparity in hiring and retention of female HBCU leaders. The work presents implications for future research that will provide a more robust depiction of the real crisis in HBCU presidential turnover: sex-based disparity in board composition.

Rethinking the Basic Models of Presidential Leadership: Eisenhower, Greenstein, and Federal Highway Expansion

Rethinking the Basic Models of Presidential Leadership: Eisenhower, Greenstein, and Federal Highway Expansion

Characteristics and Practices of Highly Rated Senior Leadership Teams: A Comparative Case Study of CCCU Institutions

The purpose of this comparative case study research project was to identify the characteristics and practices utilized by the senior leadership teams (SLTs) at two CCCU institutions that had been highly rated in terms of confidence levels from the faculty/staff based on data gathered in ModernThink’s “Great Colleges to Work For” annual survey, as published in The Chronicle of Higher Education. Because the COVID-19 crisis was current and impacting all institutions of higher education, these SLTs were selected to address the research question What have been the characteristics and practices of highly rated senior leadership teams as they guided their institutions in navigating the COVID-19 crisis? During one campus visit to each of two locations, a research team of three gathered data through 36 face-to-face interviews, direct observations, and document review. Study findings add to the literature by addressing gaps related to SLTs in the field of higher education, as identified by Kezar et al. This research project is the first “test” of the model of Kezar and colleagues, applying it to a study of two teams to assess which of the eight key elements of SLTs were most prominently identified among the perceptions and experiences of team members. Four unique primary themes emerged from the process of data analysis: (a) designing teams to develop significant levels of trust, (b) prioritizing shared team mission and institutional vision, (c) affirming strong presidential leadership that authentically empowers others, and (d) emphasizing clarity throughout crisis. This study extends the research on higher education SLTs and presents several implications and opportunities for further research.

Charismatic Leadership, and Its Detrimental Role in American Presidential Elections

Presidential leadership in the U.S. is very much dependent on the seemingly rational support from voters, which can be obtained through the presentation of charisma. This paper delves into the compelling role of charismatic leadership in shaping the outcomes of American presidential elections, focusing on the charismatic appeals of John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and Barack Obama. By analyzing their distinctive campaigns and contextualizing their charisma within historical and socio-political frameworks as well as pre-existing works on charismatic leadership cross the globe, the study illuminates the intricate interplay between individual magnetism, strategic messaging, and collective resonance. While charisma emerges as a potent campaign tool, its impact is multifaceted and contingent upon contextual factors, making it a complex force in the electoral process. Through this analysis of charismatic leadership, this paper aims to understand how presidents in the US can be re-evaluated. The paper conclude that charisma played a pivotal role in the campaigns and presidencies of Kennedy, Reagan, and Obama, each leveraging their unique charismatic qualities, such as physical attractiveness, authoritative aura, inspirational rhetoric, and the ability to provide collective coping mechanisms.

“Better Angels of Our Nature”: Warmth and Optimism in Presidential Leadership

“Better Angels of Our Nature”: Warmth and Optimism in Presidential Leadership

Presidents and Student Success: Repositioning to a Student-Centered Institution

Now reopened following the pandemic, each institution is in the process of assessing its impact and adjusting its institutional model to assure sustainability in the future. Returning totally to the ‘status quo ante’ is not a viable option as some repositioning is required. This study highlights three critical elements that inform this process from the perspective of the presidency. First, significant environmental trends and their impact are presented. Upon analysis, improved student success emerges as a critical driving force in repositioning. Second, an overview of successful institutional programs and initiatives that foster a student-centered institution are examined concluding with a construct for a repositing design. Finally, adjustment to presidential leadership strategies to facilitate an institutional repositioning plan are suggested.

Closing the Gender Gap Among Canadian Ophthalmology Societies

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate gender distribution in Canadian ophthalmology societies’ leadership and to determine associations between gender, academic productivity, and institutional rank. Methods We identified members and assessed their gender composition using publicly available updated webpages. SCOPUS database was used to gather research metrics. Results In this study, data was collected from 12 Canadian ophthalmology societies, which included 277 executive committee members. Of these, 70.5% (196) were male and 29.1% (81) were female (p < .0001). Males were significantly more prevalent in presidential leadership roles (39 males vs. 23 females, p = .02), while females were more represented in other leadership categories (77 females vs. 61 males, p = .03). The Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS) showed an upward trend in female representation from 19.2% in 2016 to 42.3% in 2021. Research productivity showed a positive correlation with society leadership rank, with a correlation coefficient of 0.732 for the m-index (p < .001) and 0.356 for the h-index (p < .05). Academic rank was also positively correlated with society leadership rank, with a correlation coefficient of 0.536 (p < .001). There was no significant difference in h-index (12.7 ± 1.0 for males vs. 13.8 ± 1.5 for females, p = .85) or number of publications (48.6 ± 5.1 for males vs. 60.0 ± 11.3 for females, p = .83) between male and female executive members, but females had a higher m-index (0.67 ± 0.05) compared to males (0.58 ± 0.03, p < .05). In academic rank, males were more likely to be associate professors (25% vs. 5% for females, p = .0001) or instructors (14.8% vs. 6.3% for females, p = .05), while a higher proportion of females held assistant professor positions (47.5% for females vs. 30.1% for males, p = .006). Conclusion In this study, we found that males were more prevalent in executive positions, particularly in presidential roles among Canadian ophthalmology societies. The gender distribution in leadership reflected the gender composition of practicing ophthalmologists in Canada. There was a positive correlation between research productivity and society rank, as well as academic position and society rank. Male and female executive members had similar h-index and number of publications, but females had a higher m-index. These findings highlight the need for continued efforts to address gender disparities in ophthalmology leadership.

"With a Stroke of a Pen": Executive Order 9981 in American Memory

Abstract: On July 26, 2017, President Donald Trump banned transgender personnel from serving in the military via Twitter. This blow to civil rights did not happen on a random date. Sixty-nine years earlier, President Harry Truman had issued Executive Order 9981 which, according to public memory, ended racial segregation in the American military "with a stroke of a pen." This article takes a closer look at how Truman's federal directive has been remembered and commemorated since its passage. By analyzing newspaper articles and speeches, it reveals the exclusion of Black activism as well as the overemphasis on presidential leadership and resolve.

"With a Stroke of a Pen": Executive Order 9981 in American Memory

Abstract: On July 26, 2017, President Donald Trump banned transgender personnel from serving in the military via Twitter. This blow to civil rights did not happen on a random date. Sixty-nine years earlier, President Harry Truman had issued Executive Order 9981 which, according to public memory, ended racial segregation in the American military "with a stroke of a pen." This article takes a closer look at how Truman's federal directive has been remembered and commemorated since its passage. By analyzing newspaper articles and speeches, it reveals the exclusion of Black activism as well as the overemphasis on presidential leadership and resolve.

Measuring Political Will and Political Constellation in Moving Indonesia’s Capital City Policy

This research aims to measure political will in moving the national capital and how this policy is when faced with the existing political constellation. The type of research was a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and documentation techniques. The results showed that political will in the policy of moving the national capital cannot be separated from individual factors, namely the belief and courage of President Joko Widodo through a basis of reasoning that has strong relevance to empirical circumstances and are reflected through various regulations that have been stipulated. The organizational factor shows the government's seriousness and commitment through the transition team formed as a basis for working in a coordinated manner to achieve the targets set. The relationship factor showed the involvement of individuals/groups through community support, collaboration, and partnerships and the involvement of international figures in its implementation. Social factors show that the political system and state apparatus's condition in the decision-making process has reflected support for policies, which can be seen from the approval of the House of Representatives. The existing political constellation provides strong political legitimacy, making this policy continue without any obstacles, although there is still resistance at the local level. The sustainability and success of the policy of moving the national capital will be determined by the next President's leadership and the composition of the support of political parties that will come.

The Developments of the Turkish Position Towards the Conflict in Yemen

Turkey supported the military operations of the "Arab coalition" to restore "legitimacy" in Yemen, which began on March 26, 2015, and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced at that time that the intervention came as a result of the Houthi group's violation of international agreements and resolutions, their explicit violation of UN Security Council resolutions, and their rejection of Politically dialogue. after the military intervention, and as a result of several variables, Turkey's position of support for the military operation shifted to concern only with the humanitarian issue and gradually criticized the mistakes of the military operations carried out by the coalition forces. Contrary to years of tense Turkish-Saudi relationship, the first months of 2022 have witnessed positive development in the relationship between the two countries, following the visit of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan to Saudi Arabia. In the same issue, the Yemeni file witnessed a major development through the formation of the "Presidential Leadership Council" and the transfer of the powers of President Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi to it, which is important to study the impact of these two variables on "Turkey's position towards the conflict in Yemen".

How the Federalism Structure in America Impacted the Planning Stage for a Pandemic: COVID 19 as a Case Study

Objective: The objective is to examine how the tension between the federal, state, and local levels affects the planning, lockdown, and reopening of the economy during the pandemic. To date, COVID-19 kills one American every 30 seconds. As this tragedy continues to claim thousands of lives, many Americans point to the US government's failure to respond to the pandemic effectively and efficiently.&#x0D; Method: Method: The article uses the descriptive method to explain how the American federalism structure affected pandemic planning. It utilizes COVID-19 as a case study.&#x0D; Results: The study found increased tensions between the President and state Governors, among federal departments, and between federal and state agencies, which were exacerbated by the pandemic. The governors counterbalanced the lack of presidential leadership. However, the President interfered with federal agencies and governors, attempted to influence agency budgets and threatened governors for their lack of appreciation and loyalty. Regional coalitions, while having little influence during the planning stages, affected the procurement of medical supplies and equipment, state leadership and reopening state economies.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, the federalist structure c

Support for Diverse Students Through Teacher Education Still Needs Presidential Leadership

In this article, Sleeter reflects on her previous article, “An Invitation to Support Diverse Students through Teacher Education.” She argues that her earlier recommendations are still valid, but changing conditions have lent them greater urgency. Research has made clear the positive impact of culturally relevant curriculum and pedagogy on students of color. Although White teachers still dominate the profession, White students are no longer in the majority. But schools are still highly racially segregated, with unequal access to resources, and school closures coupled with increased online education have only widened racial gaps. Because of these conditions, she argues that public education needs federal leadership.

Wojna jako determinanta przywództwa politycznego Wołodymyra Zełeńskiego

WAR AS A DETERMINANT OF VOLODYMYR ZELENSKY’S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP The article presents the most important aspects of the political leadership of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, during the first days of the war. The most important war conditions determining the political leadership as well as the legal and socio-political premises determining the indicated process were analyzed. The article also discusses the communication strategy and information policy of the Ukrainian state, which are an integral part of strengthening the internal and international position of the president and the political leadership of Volodymyr Zelensky, in crucial time of first days of aggression. The text presents the most important aspects in this regard, influencing the deepening of the political leadership of the Ukrainian president and the legitimacy of the government.