Lead-free Ferroelectric Materials Research Articles

Double hysteresis (P-E) loops in the transparent composite containing BaTiO3 at room temperature

A transparent composite sample containing BaTiO3 was synthesized by using the melting quenching method. The presence of a glassy phase in this composite sample was detected through XRD analysis, and this was further confirmed by DSC study. TEM and SAED analyses provided evidence that the BaTiO3 nanoparticles/clusters are embedded within the borate glass matrix, establishing the composite nature of this sample. FTIR spectrum of the present sample revealed that the glass matrix is composed of two structural groups (BO3 with NBO’s, and BO4), along with the distinct groups for BaTiO3. XPS spectra of the present composite sample indicated the presence of more than one type of boron, barium, titanium and oxygen. DSC and dielectric studies of the present composite sample revealed the presence of the phase transition temperature (Tc). Dielectric constant (ɛr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) curves of the present composite sample displayed an anomaly peak in the vicinity of TC. The optical transmission spectrum of the present composite sample exhibit two transmission bands of Ti3+ (3d1) ions in tetragonal distorted sites. At room temperature, the present transparent composite sample exhibited double hysteresis loops for BaTiO3 at low electric fields. The results obtained can be used for the development of lead-free ferroelectric material.

Surface ferromagnetism of lead-free ferroelectric bismuth sodium titanate materials

The role of complex surface defect on the magnetic at the (110) surface of bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) was discussed based on the first-principles calculation. The first-principle calculations for various types of surface defects exhibited the existence of magnetic moments for selected chemical and position defects. Specifically, Na and Bi vacancies induced large magnetic moments of 0.52 µB/f.u and 0.50 µB/f.u, respectively, which were larger than that of Ti vacancies of 0.01 µB/f.u. Interestingly, oxygen vacancies did not induce local magnetic moments. Furthermore, significant magnetic moments of 0.50 µB/f.u and 0.49 µB/f.u were obtained for Na and Bi interstitial defects, while the local magnetic moments were slightly achieved around 0.03 µB/f.u and 0.04 µB/f.u for Ti and O interstitial defects, respectively. Anti-site defects between Bi and Na at A-site in perovskite ABO3 structure exhibited magnetic moments of 0.55 µB/f.u for Na anti-site at Bi-site and 0.39 µB/f.u for Bi anti-site at Na-site. Interestingly, anti-site defects between the A-site and B-site in perovskite ABO3 structure resulted in larger magnetic moments, with values of 0.57 µB/f.u and 0.53 µB/f.u obtained for Ti anti-site defects at the Bi-site and Na-site, respectively. Additionally, magnetic moments of 0.50 µB/f.u and 0.54 µB/f.u were achieved for Bi and Na anti-site defects at the Ti-site, respectively. We expected that our work further contributed to the understanding of the role of surface defects in the magnetism of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 materials in integrating ferromagnetic properties into lead-free ferroelectric materials for smart electronic device applications.

Characterization of dielectric and piezoelectric responses in 0.76(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3-0.18(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ceramics synthesized by the solid-state method

In this research, the authors explore the structural, dielectric, electrical insulating, electromechanical, and piezoelectric characteristics of ceramics that have been modified using BaTiO3 and (K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3.as key components. Specifically, they explore the composition (1-x-y)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3-y(K0.5 Bi0.5)TiO3, where x (mol.%) varies between 0, 6, and NBT, and y (mol.%) varies between 0, 18, and KBT. These ceramics were fabricated using a solid-state synthesis technique. The optimized calcination temperature for achieving a pure perovskite phase was determined to be 1000 °C for a duration of 4 h. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of the composition, microstructure, electrical insulating, and electromechanical characteristics of the ceramics. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was employed to accurately ascertain the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) within this material. In this paper, we discuss the impact of crystallite size on the shifts in Raman band frequencies. Sintering at 1100 °C for 4 h was found to enhance densification, with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrating a nearly uniform distribution of compact grains. Electrical insulating assessments demonstrate that each of the ceramics displays a scattered phase transition around the temperature Tm, with a diffusivity ranging from 1.4 to 1.8, and a shift of Tm towards elevated temperatures. Exceptional piezoelectric properties were observed at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), including a d33 value of 149 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factors kp of 0.297. These findings are attributed to the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, as well as precise grain size control. This research presents a novel approach to enhancing lead-free ferroelectric materials based on the composition 0.76(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3-0.18(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3.

Electrocaloric effect with enhanced temperature stability in an interfacial polarization controlled ferroelectric laminated composite

Research on zero-emission lead-free ferroelectric materials is fascinating in the field of solid-state refrigeration due to the observed large electrocaloric phenomenon. However, one of the challenges involved is realizing a large adiabatic temperature change ( ΔT ) over a wide temperature span. Here, a laminated ferroelectric structure with layers, having successive phase transitions covering room temperature, is proposed to overcome this problem. BaTi1−x Sn x O3 with x = 0.08, 0.12, and 0.15 compositions exhibiting the required ferroelectric Curie temperatures was chosen for the component layers. The designed interfacial polarization engineered laminated structure with 0.15/0.08/0.12 compositional layers yielded a value of adiabatic temperature change ΔT max ⩾ 0.6 °C by an indirect method using Maxwell’s thermodynamic equations over a wide temperature span (30 °C–85 °C). The observed results are correlated to the interrelated cumulative effect of reduced interfacial polarization, homogeneous electric field distribution, field-induced phase transitions, and enhanced domain switching, which are the manifestation of the designed laminated geometry.

Quantification of Crystalline Phases in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films through Complementary Infrared Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Supercell Simulations.

In the quest for thinner and more efficient ferroelectric devices, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) has emerged as a potential ultrathin and lead-free ferroelectric material. Indeed, when deposited on a TiN electrode, 1-25 nm thick HZO exhibits excellent ferroelectricity capability, allowing the prospective miniaturization of capacitors and transistor devices. To investigate the origin of ferroelectricity in HZO thin films, we conducted a far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopic study on 5 HZO films with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 52 nm, both within and out of the ferroelectric thickness range where ferroelectric properties are observed. Based on X-ray diffraction, these HZO films are estimated to contain various proportions of monoclinic (m-), tetragonal (t-), and polar orthorhombic (polar o-) phases, while only the 11, 17, and 21 nm thick are expected to include a higher amount of polar o-phase. We coupled the HZO infrared measurements with DFT simulations for these m-, t-, and polar o-crystallographic structures. The approach used was based on the supercell method, which combines all possible Hf/Zr mixed atomic sites in the solid solution. The excellent agreement between measured and simulated spectra allows assigning most bands and provides infrared signatures for the various HZO structures, including the polar orthorhombic form. Beyond pure assignment of bands, the DFT IR spectra averaging using a mix of different compositions (e.g., 70% polar o-phase +30% m-phase) of HZO DFT crystal phases allows quantification of the percentage of different structures inside the different HZO film thicknesses. Regarding the experimental data analysis, we used the spectroscopic data to perform a Kramers-Kronig constrained variational fit to extract the optical functions of the films using a Drude-Lorentz-based model. We found that the ferroelectric films could be described using a set of about 7 oscillators, which results in static dielectric constants in good agreement with theoretical values and previously reported ones for HfO2-doped ferroelectric films.

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MULTI-VALENT ALTERNATE ABO3 PEROVSKITE (KNN) MULTI-FUNCTIONALFERROELECTRIC CERAMICS

Ecological-friendly and unhazardous materials are being prepared by the scientific community in search of novel lead-free ferroelectric materials. K0.5Na0.5NbO3belonging to the ABO3 perovskite was found to be promising ferroelectric lead-free material. A new set of compound, namely, double dopant LKNZN compound was prepared by solid state route. Here, Lithium is partially replaced with Sodium, at A-site, and Zirconium substituted with Niobium, at B-site. The compositional formula of the present investigations is: [((K0.5Na0.5)(1-x)Lix) (Zr0.025Nb0.98)O3], where x=0, and 0.025 9 (labelled as KNN1 and KNN2). In addition we have prepared (K0.5(Na0.475Li0.025)) (Zr0.025Nb0.98)O3 (labelled as KNN3). XRD patterns obtained at room temperaturehave shown maximum intensity peak of (111), confirms the formation of a single-phase. SEM pictures of KNN1 and KNN2 have shown cubical grain with bimodal grain distribution, whereas KNN3 consist of circular bimodal grain distribution. Delectric measurements were studied on the said above samples. It is observed a hump around 200°Cand dielectric transition at 4520°C for all the samples. From this it is evident that: (i) the samples are transforming from orthorhombic phase to tetragonal phase near 200°C (ii) around 420°C, samples transform from tetragonal phase to cubic phase. Theresults were corroborated to the tolerance factor and lattice distortions.

Atomic‐scale insights into electronic, structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of Ba(Zr, Ti)O3 perovskites

Ba(Zr, Ti)O3 perovskites are promising lead-free piezoelectric and relaxor ferroelectric materials for energy storage and harvest devices, of which the ferroelectric mechanism has long been ambiguous. We theoretically investigated the ferroelectric mechanism from the electronic and atomic scale using first-principles calculation based on density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory. With increasing zirconium content, it is obtained a lattice expansion and a decrease in the ferroelectric polarization in agreement with experiment. An unstable zone-center phonon mode is observed in the polar ferroelectric phase, which tends to stabilizein the nonpolar paraelectric phase, which is associated with the engineering of the relative displacement of the B-site ions that alters the short-range force. The newly formed Ti/Zr (dzx,dyz)-O (2px,2py) π-type bonds are discovered to be the origin of the Ba(Zr, Ti)O3ferroelectric instability and polarization. Local relaxation strains caused by lattice misalignment of the ionic displacements of Ti ions and Zr ions suppress the polarization of Ba(Zr, Ti)O3 by counteracting the off-centering of Ti ions and adjacent Zr ions in certain directions.

A brownmillerite electronic material LiBiFe2O5: structural, dielectric, electrical, and ferroelectric properties for device application

ABSTRACT A lead-free brownmillerite ferroelectric material LiBiFe2O5 (LBFO) has been synthesized via a solid-state reaction technique. Using the procedure of N-TREOR method of X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of the prepared sample is found to be monoclinic with lattice parameters: a = 13.6726 Å, b = 4.1560 Å, c = 8.5317 Å, and β = 102.89˚. Based on analysis of electrical data, the existence of Koop's and Maxwell–Wagner relaxation phenomena and dielectric relaxation in the material has been confirmed. This analysis has also shown a high impact of the dielectric permittivity (ϵr) and low tangent loss (tanδ) on using the material in some electronic devices. A detailed study of the frequency-temperature-dependent ac conductivity has suggested the presence of Jonscher's universal power law in the material. As the material has thermistor constant (β) values of 4019.26, 11535.75, and 484.36 in different temperature ranges indicating high-temperature NTC thermistor application.

Defect engineering in barium titanate ferroelectric ceramic showing simultaneous enhancement of piezoelectric coefficient and mechanical quality factor

For high-power on-resonant piezoelectric applications, piezoelectric materials with high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and mechanical quality factor (Qm) are in high demand. However, previous work has shown that the d33 and Qm are generally inversely proportional, implying that it is difficult to improve these properties simultaneously. Here we report the simultaneous enhancement of d33 and Qm in (Mn, Zr) co-doped BaTiO3 (BT-xMn-yZr) ceramics. Compared with pure BaTiO3 ceramics, the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of BT-0.5%Mn-5%Zr ceramic is increased from 190 pC/N to 321 pC/N, and the Qm is increased from 290 to 513. Furthermore, the Qm of BT-1%Mn-5%Zr ceramic reaches 1470, and the d33 is 248 pC/N. When both d33 and Qm are considered, the obtained properties outperform commercial hard Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and other typical lead-free ferroelectric ceramics. The experimental results show that the enhanced d33 and Qm of these ceramics originate from the synergistic effect of defect engineering-induced domain configuration effect and pinning effect. This work provides insights into the design of high-performance high-power lead-free ferroelectric materials.

Insight of the Influence of Cobalt Substitution on the Structural, Microstructural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Tetragonal Barium Titanate Ceramics

The development of lead-free ferroelectric materials is essential for upcoming applications in energy and information storage. We comprehensively report the structural, optical, dielectric and electrical characteristics of BaTi1-x Co x O3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics prepared using the conventional solid-state route process. The synthesized sample features a single-phase tetragonal structure with P4mm symmetry, as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction investigation. SEM imaging clearly shows that the material was polydispersive. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the BaTi1-xCoxO3 ceramics has been carried out in order to calculate the optical band gap of each composition. For the prepared samples, Cole-Cole plot of the complex impedance was examined over a wide temperature and frequency range. The compounds displayed non-Debye type dielectric relaxation. The Ferroelectric-Paraelectric phase transition is clearly visible in the T-dependent dielectric spectra for all the samples. After E-poling the ceramics, a well-defined genuine saturated hysteresis loop was established.

Superior energy storage performance and excellent multiferroic properties of BaTi1-xGdxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) ceramics

Ceramic based capacitors with superior energy storage performance and high storage energy density play an important role in modern electronic devices. Several ferroelectric materials with high dielectric constant and relaxor behavior become the most promising systems for realizing higher energy storage performance. In the present work, environmentally lead-free BaTi1-xGdxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) nanostructures were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion process. The doping of Gd at the Ti site causes the transformation of the ferroelectric behavior to the relaxor ceramics, which is important for finding the large energy storage efficiency of the material. The surface morphology of undoped and doped samples was examined through the SEM studies. Ferroelectric study evidence that the system is going to a more symmetric phase due to a reduction in the polarization parameters and enhancement in the leakage current density. Moreover, the energy discharge density and energy storage efficiency were boosted in x = 0.02 and x = 0.04 samples with energy storage efficiencies reaching ∼81% and 83%, respectively. The linear enhancement in the magnetic moment and the dielectric constant in the doped sample make the system favorable for multifunctional applications. The samples' piezoelectric constant (d33) remains preserved under Gd doping. Hence, the present study opens a propagable and feasible route to synthesize novel lead-free ferroelectric material for energy storage applications.

Structural Refinement, Dielectric and Electromechanical Properties of (1-x)NBT-xKBT Piezoceramics in the Morphotropic Phase Boundary Region

Lead-free ferroelectric materials of sodium-potassium bismuth titanate, (1-x)NBT-xKBT systems were synthesized by a hydrothermal process. In this way, the appropriate conditions for the hydrothermal synthesis of NBT and KBT (i.e., concentrations of synthetic precursors, solution pH and temperature) are given graphically. Ceramics of (1-x)NBT-xKBT with (x(mol.%) = 0; 12; 16; 20; 30 and 100) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was confirmed to be in the region of 0.12 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 for (1-x)NBT-xKBT at ambient temperature. Scherrer's formula and the Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis were used to examine the average crystallite size and lattice strain. Raman spectroscopy was effectively applied to study the structural evolution of the (1-x)NBT-xKBT phase. The ceramics exhibited a high temperature of maximum dielectric permittivity at (Tmax = 343 °C at 100 kHz) along with electromechanical coupling factors (kp = 0.34, d33 = 147 pC/N). Based on the composition of all specimens, the results indicate a diffuse phase transition, probably of second order, between ferroelectric and paraelectric phases.

Improved dielectric energy storage performance of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based lead-free relaxation ferroelectric ceramics achieved by domain structural regulation and enhanced densification

There is still a problem of low energy storage density in dielectric capacitors which is a core component of power systems. For the improvement of the energy storage density, the linear dielectric material CaTiO3 (CT) was introduced in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) ceramics in this paper. By modifying the A site, a new relaxor ferroelectric ceramic was successfully synthesized and attained a recoverable density (Wrec) of 2.34 J/cm3 at x = 0.18. Moreover, the preparation process was optimized in this paper. Through the viscous polymer process (VPP) route, the energy density (WA) of 82NBT-18CTVPP ceramic further reaches 6.45 J/cm3 at 340 kV/cm, with efficiency (η) up to 75% and a Wrec of 4.82 J/cm3. At the same time, the change of Wrec is small at temperature (30–150 °C) and frequency (1 Hz–300 Hz), which demonstrates its excellent stability. The discharge power density reaches about 180 MW/cm3 and the discharge time is 0.117 μs, which indicates its excellent pulse discharge performance. The results show that 82NBT-18CT lead-free relaxation ferroelectric material is expected to become ideal for high-energy storage applications.

Enhanced functional reversibility in lead-free ferroelectric material over long cycle pyroelectric energy conversion

Enhanced functional reversibility in lead-free ferroelectric material over long cycle pyroelectric energy conversion

Ferroelectric–Ferroelastic Transitions in (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 Single Crystals

The comprehensive understanding of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) lattice structure is highly desired to develop lead-free ferroelectric materials. However, most of the previous studies focused on the improvement of piezoelectric properties at room temperature, and many structural puzzles are left unclear. In this work, the lattice structure of a ferroelastic phase and the ferroelectric-ferroelastic transitions in both rhombohedral NBT and tetragonal NBT-8%BT single crystals are investigated in detail. Our results illustrate the complex process of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic transition of NBT. The variation of Ti-O modes and oxygen octahedra modes clearly indicates the gradual change of lattice symmetry from R3c to P4bm during a wide temperature range between 170 and 350 °C. A ferroelectric-ferroelastic transition is also confirmed in tetragonal NBT-8BT for the first time, and the lattice symmetry of P4bm is found to be maintained during the ferroelastic stage. This work reveals the lattice evolutions of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic transition of NBT-BT crystals and provides new insights for understanding the ferroelasticity and the evolution of phonon modes in a lead-free relaxor.

Simultaneously achieving high transparency and applicable piezoelectricity in Sm-modified KNN-based lead-free ceramics

Transparent piezoelectric ceramics have drawn extensive concerns in recent years because of their electro-optical applications. However, it's challenging to achieve both high piezoelectricity and transparency simultaneously because of their intrinsic trade-off, especially for lead-free ceramics. In this work, the rare-earth element Sm is introduced into (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free ceramics for improving transparency while keeping relatively high piezoelectricity. Ceramics with nominal compositions of [(Na0.57K0.43)0.94Li0.06][(Nb0.94Sb0.06-xSmx)0.95Ta0.05]O3 (x = 0 ∼ 0.005) are fabricated via the conventional solid-state reaction method. Even with pressureless sintering, the ceramic with Sm substitution content x = 0.004 possesses high transmittance of T = 63% in the visible light region (without anti-reflection coatings) and good piezoelectricity (d33 = 158 pC/N). The high transparency can be attributed to the presence of a pseudocubic phase and the significant elimination of domain walls by the Sm modification, while a coexistent orthorhombic-tetragonal phase structure at room temperature is responsible for its superior piezoelectric performance which outperforms other reported KNN-based transparent ceramics. Our results demonstrate that the as-fabricated ceramics are promising lead-free ferroelectric materials for transparent electronic device applications and this work provides insights for the further development of transparent piezoelectric ceramics.

Excellent energy storage properties realized in novel BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics by regulating relaxation behavior

BaTiO3(BT) has attracted extensive attention among advanced lead-free ferroelectric materials due to its unique dielectric and ferroelectric properties. However, the enormous remanent polarization and coercive field severely impede the improvement of its energy storage capabilities. Here, the BaTiO3Bi(Zn0.5Hf0.5)O3 (BT-BZH) ceramics with high breakdown field strength and remarkable relaxation characteristics can be obtained by introducing the composite component BZH in BT to regulate the phase structure and grain size of the ceramics. The findings demonstrate that the improvement of energy storage performance is related to the increase of relaxation behavior. A large energy storage density (Wrec∼3.62 J/cm3) along with superior energy storage efficiency (η∼88.5%) is achieved in 0.88BT-0.12BZH relaxor ceramics only at 240 kV/cm. In addition, the sample suggests superior thermal stability and frequency stability within 25–115 °C and 1–500 Hz, respectively. Furthermore, the outstanding charge-discharge properties with an ultrafast discharge time (100 ns), large discharged energy density (1.2 J/cm3), impressive current density (519.4 A/cm2) and power density (31.1 MW/cm3) under the electric field of 120 kV/cm are achieved in studied ceramics. The excellent energy storage performance of BT-BZH ceramics provides a promising platform for the application of lead-free energy-storage materials.

High quality crystal growth and characterization of ferroelectric Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 single crystal

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TiO3 (BCT) single crystal has been widely studied as a promising lead-free ferroelectric material. In this work, high-quality BCT crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The as-grown crystal is crack-free and shows black coloration. It possesses a high dielectric stability over a wide temperature range, while the dielectric loss is rather small below 90[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, it possesses excellent ferroelectric properties with residual polarization strength ([Formula: see text]) and coercive field ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) of 17.93 [Formula: see text]C/cm2 and 8.47 kV/cm, respectively. Besides, BCT crystal shows large electromechanical coupling factors, with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of 0.535, 0.254, 0.714 and 0.721, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficients [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are measured to be − 36.5, 130 and 246 pC/N, respectively.

Enhanced ferroelectricity and electrocaloric effect of Sm modified BSTO with temperature stability near room temperature

Lead-free ferroelectric materials are essential for environment-friendly solid-state cooling technology. In this respect, the electrocaloric effect of lead-free Ba0.8−xSr0.2SmxTiO3 (x = 0.01–0.05) ceramics has been investigated. The Rietveld refinement reveals that all the ceramics exhibit tetragonal symmetry and the tetragonality decreases for x > 0.03, which is the major reason behind the decrease in both isothermal entropy change and adiabatic temperature change. The degree of diffuseness parameter is enhanced by doping of Sm3+, which confirms the formation of polar nanoregion and the enhancement of the electrocaloric effect parameter by adding extra entropy. The relaxor behavior of the prepared samples is also confirmed by estimating the degree of deviation parameter (ΔTm=77K) from the 1εrvs.T curve. So, the temperature stability of the prepared ceramics is improved in a broad temperature window. The highest isothermal entropy change (ΔS), adiabatic temperature change (ΔT), and electrocaloric strength (ΔTΔE) are found to be 1.230 Jkg−1 K−1, 0.862 K, and 0.028 73 K cm/kV at 316 K, respectively, for Ba0.77Sr0.2Sm0.03TiO3.

Ferroelectric composite-based piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered detection of obstructive sleep

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is a promising material for energy harvesters, as they have superior electromechanical, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. In addition, piezoelectric ceramics can be blended with polymer to achieve high-flexibility polymer-ceramic composites, providing mechanical robustness and stability. In this context, a new lead-free ferroelectric material, having the chemical formula SrTi2O5 (STO), was synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state reaction. Detailed analyses of the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the synthesized material were performed. STO crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry and space group of Cmm2. The frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric parameters were evaluated, and impedance spectroscopy shed light on the charge dynamics. The PDMS-STO composites at different mass fraction of the STO were prepared using a solvent casting route, and a corresponding piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) was developed. The electrical output of the different PENG by varying massfractions of STO in PDMS and varying force were investigated. The 15% (in mass) PENG device delivered the highest peak-to-peak voltage, current, and power density of 25 V, 92 nA, and 0.64 μW @ 500 MΩ, respectively. The biomechanical energy harvesting using the PENG device by daily human motions, bending of the device, and attaching the device to laboratory equipment was demonstrated. Later the PENG device was attached to the human throat region, and snoring signals were recorded. A classification model was designed employing the convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Efforts have been laid to differentiate between normal and abnormal snores, which could help the patient with screening and early disease detection, contributing to self-powered healthcare applications.