Biosorption Of Lead Research Articles

Biosorption and transformation of cadmium and lead by Staphylococcus epidermidis AS-1 isolated from industrial effluent.

Rapid utilization of natural resources and other anthropogenic activities intruded heavy metals into the food chain and raised alarming concern for all life forms. The available methods proved insufficient in handling waste and pollutants due to the high cost and generation of toxic residues. Bioremediation strategies have offered sustainable solutions for toxic pollutants. In the current study, cadmium and lead (Cd and Pb respectively) tolerant strains have been isolated from industrial effluent and characterized for tolerance towards target pollutants. The strain was identified by 16s rRNA gene and further used for metal removal from the industrial effluents. Bacterial isolates were obtained from industrial discharge and evaluated for their tolerance towards Cd and Pb. AS-1 bacterial isolate exhibited maximum tolerance towards both the metals and hence was selected for further study. The isolate was identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. ICP-MS and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of biomass revealed that a significant proportion of cadmium (90.89%) and lead (94.87%) available in effluent were sequestered within bacterial biomass. Characteristic peaks at 2Ɵ (31.8637 and 45.6247 for cadmium) and (21.0397, 27.0127, 46.0537, 54.2707 and 75.6547 for lead) confirmed the crystalline nature of the sequestered metals. The selected strain was characterized on biochemical and molecular basis and was found to be Staphylococcus epidermidis. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, a phylogenetic dendrogram was created for the maximum likelihood of the bacterial strain. The sequence was deposited in the NCBI repository (accession number PP587422). The work has shown the possible way out of heavy metal pollution sustainably. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report on the sequestration and reduction of cadmium and lead by a nonpathogenic strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis AS-1 that may be useful for alleviating heavy metal contamination.

Exploring the biosorption of nickel and lead by Fusarium sp. biomass: kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic assessment.

Fungal biomass is as a cost-effective and sustainable biosorbent utilized in both active and inactive forms. This study investigated the efficacy of inactivated and dried biomass of Fusarium sp. in adsorbing Ni2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. The strain underwent sequential cultivation and was recovered by filtration. Then, the biomass was dried in an oven at 80 ± 2°C and sieved using a 0.1-cm mesh. The biosorbent was thoroughly characterized, including BET surface area analysis, morphology examination (SEM), chemical composition (XRF and FT-IR), thermal behavior (TGA), and surface charge determination (pH-PZC and zeta potential). The biosorption mechanism was elucidated by fitting equilibrium models of kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic to the data. The biosorbent exhibited a neutral charge, a rough surface, a relatively modest surface area, appropriate functional groups for adsorption, and thermal stability above 200°C. Optimal biosorption was achieved at 25 ± 2°C, using 0.05g of adsorbent per 50mL of metallic ion solution at initial concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0mg L-1 and at pH 4.5 for Pb2+ and Ni2+. Biosorption equilibrium was achieved after 240min for Ni2+ and 1440min for Pb2+. The process was spontaneous, mainly through chemisorption, in monolayer for Ni2+ and multilayer for Pb2+, with efficiencies of over 85% for both metallic ion removal. These findings underscore the potential of inactive and dry Fusarium sp. biomass (IDFB) as a promising material for the biosorption of Ni2+ and Pb2+.

Biosorption of lead (II) on Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Biosorption of lead (II) on Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Characterization of Citrus paradisi peel powder and investigation of lead(II) biosorption

Characterization of Citrus paradisi peel powder and investigation of lead(II) biosorption

Studies on the equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics of the biosorption of copper (II) and lead (II) onto Indian willow (Salix tetrasperma) leaves

ABSTRACT Potentially toxic metals in water threaten humans, animals, and the environment. The potential of Indian willow (Salix tetrasperma) leaves to biosorb copper and lead from water was examined. Utilising scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum analysis, the properties of Salix tetrasperma biomass (STB) was investigated. The maximum removal percentage (92.8% for copper and 89.9% for lead) was achieved at pH 5.0, a biosorbent dosage of 3.0 g/L at 25°C, and a 10 mg/L initial concentration of copper and lead. The determination of the point zero charge (pHzpc = 5.0) indicated the prevalence of a negative charge on the surface of the biosorbents. The kinetic equation utilised in the pseudo-second-order model effectively. Langmuir isotherm better described experimented data than the Freundlich model. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm provided a good fit for the study's equilibrium data. STB recorded an adsorption capacity, Qmax, of 43.99 mg/g for copper (II) and 39.66 mg/g for lead (II) ions at an optimum pH of 5. Thermodynamically, the biosorption of both ions on STB was spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible. The selected modified STB was found to be suitable for adsorbing copper (II) and lead (II) metal ions.

Insights into the environmental benefits of using apple pomace for biosorption of lead from contaminated water

The apple processing industry generates large quantities of organic waste, presenting a major source of organic contamination. Consequently, finding an effective solution for valorizing this waste has become a pressing issue. This study aims to address two key concerns: (i) solving an agricultural problem by efficiently using agri-food residue, and (ii) removing lead, an extremely toxic element, from contaminated waters to mitigate environmental pollution. Two biosorbents were tested: raw apple waste (RA), obtained from a mixture of apple varieties, and the same material after extracting valuable bioactive and reusable components, extracted apple (EA). The study evaluated the influence of pH, initial biosorbent mass, adsorption kinetics, and equilibrium isotherms. The results are very promising, showing a lead removal efficiency of 82 % for RA and 100 % for EA at a low initial concentration of the solution of 20 mg Pb2⁺/L and an optimal pH of 5 ± 0.5. The Langmuir model predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.6 mg/g for RA and 48.6 mg/g for EA. These findings demonstrate that apple waste, even after selective extraction of valuable bioactive components, can be effectively used for environmental remediation on a practical scale.

Utilizing banana peduncle as an affordable bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of lead ions from water and industrial effluents

The use of efficient biobased materials for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater has been demonstrated to be a highly effective method. The natural adsorbent banana peduncle has a lot of potential for treating wastewater because it is renewable, inexpensive, readily available, and environmentally benign. To learn more about the possible uses of these adsorbents, we synthesized them from banana peduncles and studied their shape, crystalline structure, and functional groups. The following parameters were found to be ideal for lead biosorption in batch trials concentrating on Pb (II) removal: a pH of 5, a contact period of 120 min, particle sizes between 240 and 300 mesh, concentrations at 40 mg/L, dosages of 3 g/L, and agitation rates of 200 revolutions per min (RPM). The banana peduncle showed an amazing biosorption efficiency of 94.0 % in the results. A comparison was made between the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models to investigate the adsorption isotherms of lead (II) ions. The R2 values obtained for these models were 0.9946, 0.9769, and 0.9537, respectively. Models that were pseudo-second-order and first-order were evaluated; the latter showed a better fit. The effectiveness and affordability of banana peduncle as the best adsorbent were highlighted by desorption testing. This study shows how materials made from banana peduncles can be an effective and sustainable way to reduce heavy-metal pollution in wastewater. This paper is the first to explore the potential absorption of Pb (II) by the peduncle of bananas, based on our current understanding.

Optimization of Lead Biosorption Yield by Streptomyces humidus DBPb2 Derived from a Public Waste Dump Using the Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Lead Biosorption Yield by Streptomyces humidus DBPb2 Derived from a Public Waste Dump Using the Response Surface Methodology

Study on Biosorption of Lead (II) and Manganese (II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Sodium Alginate and Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Beads

Study on Biosorption of Lead (II) and Manganese (II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Sodium Alginate and Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Beads

Biosorption of lead (II) ions by lead-tolerant fungal biomass isolated from electroplating industry effluent

Biosorption of lead (II) ions by lead-tolerant fungal biomass isolated from electroplating industry effluent

Biosorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> from Contaminated Well Water by Garlic Peel

The application of garlic peel was investigated as a low-cost biosorbent for Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions in a continuous system. Experiments were carried out in a fixed bed column, and the influence of different flow rates (from 2.0 to 3.3 ml min-1) on the breakthrough was studied. Column data obtained at different conditions were described using the Bohart-Adams, Thomas, and Yan models. The maximum amount of absorption was obtained for a lead ion with the amount of 490.68 mg g-1. The column removed 472.78 and 135.17 mg g-1 of cadmium and nickel ions, respectively, and the minimum value was obtained for zinc ions (55.08 mg g-1). The garlic peel was regenerated and reused two to four times in successive biosorption-desorption cycles. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to measure kinetic models for the biosorption of lead and cadmium ions on garlic peels. Using DPV for lead and cadmium ions, the amount of adsorbed material was obtained at 2.58 and 2.23 mg g-1 using the pseudo 1st order equation and this value was obtained at 8.26 and 4.70 mg g-1 using the pseudo 2nd order equation for lead and cadmium ions, respectively. The results show that garlic peel absorbs lead and cadmium ions more than zinc and nickel ions. Because it is made up of several sulfur compounds, sulfur as a soft atom has a stronger interaction with lead and cadmium than other ions.

Biosorption of lead, hexavalent chrome and cadmium from aqueous solution by torrefied biomass

Biosorption of lead, hexavalent chrome and cadmium from aqueous solution by torrefied biomass

Effect of Contact Time and Stirring Speed on Biosorption of Lead (II) Using Sugarcane Bagasse

Lead is a hazardous and toxic metal if it reaches human organs in sufficient doses or if it is present in water. Pb2+ can build up in the brain, causing cancer, disorders of nerve cells, kidneys and mental health as well as problems with male reproduction and resulting in bone irregularities in children. As a result, it is vital to regulate the presence of this metal in water. Biosorption is a heavy metal removal technique that use biomass as an adsorbent. The biosorption method was conducted in this study employing sugarcane bagasse as an adsorbent and batch contacting. Variations in contact duration and stirring speed were tested in this study to determine the influence of contact time and stirring speed on the biosorption process. The study's findings revealed that a contact duration of 60 minutes and a stirring speed of 100 rpm were the best conditions in this research.

Biodegradation of used engine oil by lead-resistant bacteria Acinetobacter sp.HAR20 newly isolated from harbour seawater (Oran, Algeria)

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the degrading capacity of various hydrocarbon fractions of used engine oils (UEO) by marine microorganisms, as well as the biosorption of heavy metals. A bacterial strain with a significant capability to grow on UEO as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from harbour seawater samples (Oran, Algeria). The molecular identification by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene revealed that the bacterium matched Acinetobacter baumanii with 96.84% homology similarity. Thus, strain HAR20 was named Acinetobacter sp.HAR20. The degradation rate of UEO (at 1%, v/v) obtained after 15 days of incubation was about 53.4 ± 4.2%. The results of GC-MS analysis of the biodegraded residual motor oil indicate that strain Acinetobacter sp.HAR20 degrades alkanes with chain lengths ranging from C4 to C48 completely or to shorter fractions. The bacterium was also able to degrade all aromatic compounds of UEO, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkylated and no alkylated naphthalene, alkylated phenanthrene, and fluorene). The strain Acinetobacter sp.HAR20 exhibited different degrees of resistance to the heavy metals tested (Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Pb). The highest tolerance was obtained for Pb (600 mg.l−1). The study of lead biosorption at a concentration of 300 mg.l−1 revealed that the bacterium displayed a removal rate of 57.47 ± 7.5%. The strain Acinetobacter sp.HAR20 has shown an interesting biodegradation potential; therefore, it could be proposed as a choice for the bioremediation of contaminated seawater by used engine oils.

Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on the biosorption of lead by human metallothionein gene-cloned bacteria as a novel biosorbent.

Heavy metals are the main pollutants in water and are an important global problem that threatens human health and ecosystems. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of genetically modified bacteria as an eco-friendly method to solve heavy metal pollution problems. The goal of this study was to generate genetically modified Escherichia coli expressing human metallothioneins (hMT2A and hMT3) and to determine their tolerance, bioaccumulation, and biosorption capacity to lead (Pb2+ ). Recombinant MT2A and MT3 strains expressing MT were successfully generated. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of Pb for MT2A and MT3 were found to be 1750 and 2000 mg L-1 , respectively. Pb2+ resistance and bioaccumulation capacity of MT3 were higher than MT2A. Therefore, only MT3 biosorbent was used in Pb2+ biosorption, and its efficiency was examined by performing experiments in a batch system. Pb2+ biosorption by MT3 was evaluated in terms of isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The results showed that Pb biosorption fits to the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the reaction is exothermic. The maximum Pb2+ capacity of the biosorbent was 50 mg Pb2+ g-1 . The potential of MT3 in Pb biosorption was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses. The desorption study showed that the sorbent had up to 74% recovery and could be effectively used four times. These findings imply that this biosorbent can be applied as a promising, precise, and effective means of removing Pb2+ from contaminated waters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: In this study, the tolerance levels, bioaccumulation, and biosorption capacities of Pb in aqueous solutions were determined for the first time in recombinant MT2A and MT3 strains in which human MT2A and MT3 genes were cloned. The biosorbent of MT3, which was determined to be more effective in Pb bioaccumulation, was synthesized and used in Pb biosorption. The Pb biosorption mechanism of MT3 biosorbent was identified using isotherm modeling, kinetic modeling, and thermodynamic studies. The maximum Pb removal percentage capacity of the biosorbent was 90%, whereas the maximum biosorption capacity was up to 50 mg Pb2+ g-1 . These results indicated that MT3 biosorbent has a higher Pb biosorption capacity than existing recombinant biosorbents. MT3 biosorbent can be used as a promising and effective biosorbent for removing Pb from wastewater.

Innovative optimization for enhancing Pb2+ biosorption from aqueous solutions using Bacillus subtilis.

Toxic heavy metal pollution has been considered a major ecosystem pollution source. Unceasing or rare performance of Pb2+ to the surrounding environment causes damage to the kidney, nervous, and liver systems. Microbial remediation has acquired prominence in recent decades due to its high efficiency, environment-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. The lead biosorption by Bacillus subtilis was optimized by two successive paradigms, namely, a definitive screening design (DSD) and an artificial neural network (ANN), to maximize the sorption process. Five physicochemical variables showed a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the Pb2+ biosorption with optimal levels of pH 6.1, temperature 30°C, glucose 1.5%, yeast extract 1.7%, and MgSO4.7H2O 0.2, resulting in a 96.12% removal rate. The Pb2+ biosorption mechanism using B. subtilis biomass was investigated by performing several analyses before and after Pb2+ biosorption. The maximum Pb2+ biosorption capacity of B. subtilis was 61.8 mg/g at a 0.3 g biosorbent dose, pH 6.0, temperature 30°C, and contact time 60 min. Langmuir's isotherm and pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.991 and 0.999 were suitable for the biosorption data, predicting a monolayer adsorption and chemisorption mechanism, respectively. The outcome of the present research seems to be a first attempt to apply intelligence paradigms in the optimization of low-cost Pb2+ biosorption using B. subtilis biomass, justifying their promising application for enhancing the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions using biosorbents from contaminated aqueous systems.

Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Lactic Acid Bacteria for Detoxification.

The gradual accumulation of heavy metals can have detrimental effects on health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are common microbes used as probiotics; various LAB strains are consumed in food products, especially in fermented foods. Many studies have suggested that LAB with high affinity to harmful heavy metals can be used as efficient detoxification tools. Accordingly, it is important to test the biosorption of various heavy metals, e.g., cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury, by LAB. Here, I describe protocols to quantify the binding ability of LAB and to identify their heavy metal-binding proteins.

DESENVOLVIMENTO E ANÁLISE DE UM MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA REMOÇÃO DE METAIS POTENCIALMENTE TÓXICOS DA ÁGUA EMPREGANDO MATERIAIS SORVENTES

The current work presents the use of a sorbent material to develop an alternative method for removing lead and barium from public water supplies. The sorbent material used was coconut fiber, which in addition to mitigating environmental pollution by reusing discarded waste, aids in the treatment of public water supplies by removing potentially toxic ions where conventional methods are not effective. In the alternative method used, we have a system of fixed bed reactors connected in series, with a volume of 0.250 L in each reactor. To characterize the adsorption process, we analyzed the variables pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, concentration of the sorbent material, and flow rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and the T-test were carried out. The parameters initial metal concentration and flow rate were shown to be non-significant for the confidence interval adopted in the conditions of the current work. The removal of Pb2+ and Ba2+ ions was greater than 60% in all the parameters studied, and in a single pass through the reactors, showing the viability of this procedure. Coconut fiber presented appropriate characteristics for the biosorption of lead and barium ions, constituting a sustainable and promising process to be used together with classical water treatment processes to remove potentially toxic metals.

Evaluation of lead tolerance and biosorption characteristics of fungi from dumpsite soils

Lead (Pb) pollution is a major concern in many developing nations of the world. Hence, there is a need for the development of an environmentally safe and cost-effective method for the clean-up of contaminated environments. The present study investigated the tolerance of presumptively identified fungal species isolated from 5 different dumpsite soils to Pb concentrations 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, 5000, and 10000 mg/L. The identity of strains exhibiting outstanding tolerance was confirmed using molecular technique, and their biosorption capacity at 10000 mg/L was evaluated. FTIR and SEM analyses were performed on the Pb2+ untreated and treated fungal biomasses. A total of 17 fungal isolates belonging to the genera Aspergillus Alternaria, Chrysosporium, and Penicillium were obtained. All the fungi were resistant to the test concentrations of Pb2+ except Chrysosporium sp. (at 5000 mg/L and 10000 mg/L) and Alternaria sp. (at 1500 mg/L, 5000 mg/L, and 10000 mg/L). Four isolates molecularly identified as A. awamori OP341445 and OP341446 and A. niger OP342447 and OP341448 recorded outstanding tolerance (> 1). Biosorption capacity was at its peak on day 5 except in OP34148, day 10 with a value of 97.82 mg/g. The Pb2+ removal rate was at equilibrium on day 5 (≈86%) except for OP41447 and OP41448 (≈87%) on day 15. FTIR analysis reveals the involvement of functional groups O-H, C-H, N-H, O=C=O, C≡C, N=C=S, C=C, N-O, C-N, and S=O in the biosorption process. SEM showed distortion in the cellular structure of the fungi. These results indicated the lead remediation potential of the fungal strains.

Upcycling Waste Streams from a Biorefinery Process-A Case Study on Cadmium and Lead Biosorption by Two Types of Biopolymer Post-Extraction Biomass.

This study investigated the possibility of using the spent kind of biomass of Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Zobelella denitrificans MW1 obtained after the pilot-scale production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a biosorbent for the bioremediation of aqueous solutions containing toxic cadmium and lead ions. The material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and amino acid profiling. To check the sorption capacity of spent biomass against Pb and Cd ions, equilibrium studies were performed. To learn about the nature of the sorption process, kinetic modelling was carried out and the obtained results showed that the adsorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO), which suggests that the sorption process is connected with the chemical bonding of the ions on the sorbent surface. Information provided by the amino acid profile made it possible to predict the adsorption mechanism and FTIR analysis proved the participation of different chemical groups in the removal process. According to the equilibrium studies, the best-fitted isotherm was the Freundlich model for all used materials and metal ions considering the correlation coefficient. Summarizing the results, the spent biomass after the PHA production is an effective biosorbent and can be reused for heavy metal bioremediation.