LC Resonant Network Research Articles

Resonant Network-Based MVDC Circuit Breaker Topologies With Fast Current Breaking Capability

This paper presents two improved circuit breaker (CB) topologies based on resonant networks for medium voltage DC (MVDC) applications, such as shipboard power distribution and subsea oil and gas production. The topologies feature simple LC resonant networks that efficiently suppress fault current in just a few tens of microseconds, making them suitable for integration with existing solid-state or hybrid DC CB. Moreover, they also help to minimize the CB energy and reduce (if not eliminate) the requirement for protection devices like surge arresters during fault events. The proposed topologies are first tested using Typhoon Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulations at 1.2 MW (6 kV, 200 A) power levels and thyristor-based solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB). Then, scaled-down laboratory prototypes, also based on thyristor-based SSCB, are experimentally validated. The results show that both topologies quickly bring the current of the CB’s main switch to 0 A. The main circuit pathway requires only a small inductor and switch, resulting in a steady-state efficiency of >99.9%. The resonant network-based design allows for a fast response time of less than 50 μs using a simple and low-cost auxiliary circuit, eliminating the need for complex charging circuitry and protection devices typically used to suppress voltage surges during faults.

Research on rotating high-frequency current injection method based on LC resonance network

The high-frequency signal injection method is an effective method to realise the sensorless detection of the rotor position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which can estimate any position of the rotor in the whole speed range. When the frequency of the injected signal is high, the rotating high-frequency current injection method can obtain more significant signal with rotor position information for PMSM with small salient characteristics, so it can obtain higher position estimation accuracy. However, the traditional method of injecting high-frequency current needs current source inverter or complex control mode, which is difficult to apply in practice. The drive circuit based on LC resonant network can convert the resonant voltage signal into the current signal, thus the driving voltage and rotating high-frequency current signals can be simultaneously provided to the PMSM through the voltage source inverter, which greatly facilitates the extraction and processing of rotor position information and improves the sensorless detection accuracy of rotor position. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the circuit and method.

Research on rotating high-frequency current injection method based on LC resonance network

The high-frequency signal injection method is an effective method to realise the sensorless detection of the rotor position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which can estimate any position of the rotor in the whole speed range. When the frequency of the injected signal is high, the rotating high-frequency current injection method can obtain more significant signal with rotor position information for PMSM with small salient characteristics, so it can obtain higher position estimation accuracy. However, the traditional method of injecting high-frequency current needs current source inverter or complex control mode, which is difficult to apply in practice. The drive circuit based on LC resonant network can convert the resonant voltage signal into the current signal, thus the driving voltage and rotating high-frequency current signals can be simultaneously provided to the PMSM through the voltage source inverter, which greatly facilitates the extraction and processing of rotor position information and improves the sensorless detection accuracy of rotor position. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the circuit and method.

A Compact +10/+5 dBm 800/2600 MHz LTE Driver Amplifier With Ground-Bounce Reduction

A reconfigurable, compact, dual-band radio frequency driver amplifier (DA) is presented. The proposed DA operates in the 800 and 2600 MHz LTE bands using a single inductor for both bands. The single-ended DA demonstrates a ground bounce reduction technique using a series- LC resonant network at the source of the amplifying device, which also improves overall gain. It is fabricated on a TSMC 65-nm CMOS process and measurement results show that it is capable of delivering up to 16.5/14.5 dBm saturated power at a drain efficiency of 35.7%/32.2%. When driven with a 10 MHz 16-QAM LTE signal, it delivers a modulated power of +10/+5 dBm at a drain efficiency of 14.5%/7.5%, and exhibits an ACPR of −40 dBc. The DA consumes a power of 69/42.2 mW from a 2.5-V supply, and occupies an overall area of 0.48 $\text {mm}^{{2}}$ .

A 1.5–2.8 GHz current-mode LNTA achieving >25 dBm IIP3 and +8 dBm P-1dB gain compression

To meet the requirements of future SAW-less frequency-division duplexing (FDD) and phased-array receivers, the linearity of the Low-Noise Transconductance-Amplifier (LNTA) should be considerably improved. In this paper, a highly-linear common-gate (CG) amplifier is presented that can be directly connected to the antenna. The LNTA operates in current-mode and is not power-matched to the antenna. In this way, noise and distortion of the active devices are strongly suppressed. Optimum LNTA driving impedance is provided by a transformer-based LC resonant network, while the LNTA core consists of a complementary cross-coupled CG stage to save power. The impact of passive losses is minimized using the noise-matching technique. Furthermore, the effect of source impedance variation on IIP3, NF and gain is also investigated. The measured IIP3 of the LNTA is more than 25 dBm from 1.5 to 2.8 GHz. The P-1dB gain compression is also +8 dBm. The chip is implemented in 28 nm CMOS and has an active area of 0.29 mm2 and draws only 8 mA from a 1.8 V supply.

ULTRA LOW POWER HYBRID MICRO ENERGY HARVESTER USING RF, THERMAL AND VIBRATION FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES

<p class="lead">The objective of this research is to design ultra-low power Hybrid Micro Energy Harvester (HMEH) circuit using hybrid inputs of radio frequency (RF), thermal and vibration for biomedical devices. In the HMEH architecture, three input sources (RF, thermal and vibration) are combined in parallel to solve the limitation issue of a single source energy harvester and to improve the system performance. Energy will be scavenged from the human body for thermal and vibration sources by converting directly temperature difference and human movement to electrical energy. The inputs are set to 0.02V and 0.5V for thermal and vibration respectively with the frequency of 1 kHz. Meanwhile, RF source is absorbed from radio wave propagation in our surrounding. For this work, the frequency is set to 915MHz and the output voltages for input ranges of-20dBm to 5dBm are recorded. The performance analysis of the HMEH is divided into two; thermal and vibration harvester circuit and RF harvester circuit. These proposed HMEH circuits are modeled, designed and simulated using PSPICE software. Vibration produces AC input and will be converted to DC using a rectifier. A comparator is used to compare the two sources (thermal and vibration) and boost converter is proposed to step-up these small input sources. Meanwhile, due to RF large frequency, the voltage multiplier is practical for both rectify and step up the input instead of the boost converter. LC resonant network is used to amplify low ambient input of RF passively before it goes to 4–stages voltage multiplier. The proposed HMEH able to achieve the output ranges of 2.0 to 4.0V with 1MΩ load. The results obtained in this research work shows that the proposed design able to produce sufficient voltage for biomedical application requirement which lies between 2.0–4.0 V from the ambient input of 0.02 to 0.5V for thermal and vibration while-9dBm for RF signal.</p>

Optimal Design of Energy-Saving Induction Cooker Power Controller Based on Fuzzy Technology

Application of Soft-switching technique and fuzzy control is discussed to optimize traditional induction cooker controller. Soft-switching technique is used to improve output efficiency of induction cooker. Switch voltage regulation by fuzzy control are used to adjust output power of induction cooker. Soft-switching inverter consists of resonant DC link and LC resonant network. Resonant DC link is used to realize ZVS, and resonant network is used to eliminate harmonics. Fuzzy control based on look-up table is adopted to adjust duty cycle of switch mode regulated power supply, which changes the DC supply voltage, so that amplitude of AC signal inverted by induction cooker is changed to adjust output power of induction cooker according to the requirement, , ensuring the operating temperature aligned with the target temperature.

Monitoring Switch-Type Sensors via Inductive Coupling: Application to Occupancy and Belt Detection in Removable Vehicle Seats

Inductive links have been widely proposed for sensors placed in harsh or inaccessible environments, where wiring is unpractical. Usually, the sensor forms part of an LC resonant network. The resonant frequency is dependent on the quantity to be measured and is estimated from a coupled reader. This paper proposes the use of inductive links for switch-type sensors, i.e., those that can be roughly modeled as switches in response to the sensed parameter. First, we present a comprehensive analysis for an arbitrary number of sensors. Second, we show the feasibility of using inductive links for occupancy and belt detection in removable vehicle seats, where wiring is unpractical. The state (open or closed) of the related sensors is attained by first measuring the equivalent resistance of the readout inductor and then estimating its resonant frequency. Ferrite-core coils were used to increase the detection distance. Experimental tests were carried out using an impedance analyzer with the readout coil and commercial seat sensors at the resonant network. The resistance value at the resonant frequency decreased with an increasing distance between the coupled coils. Even so, detection of the sensors' state was feasible at all the tested distances, from 0.5 to 3 cm.

A 77‐GHz PA with ground‐plane parasitic cancellation in a SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology

AbstractThis letter presents a 77‐GHz power amplifier implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS technology featuring bipolar transistors with 160/175‐GHz fT/fmax. The circuit adopts a two stage differential topology with integrated input/output matching networks. The amplifier performance is considerably improved thanks to proper input/output LC resonant networks, which cancel out the ground‐plane parasitic effect. Matching networks use stacked transformers for impedance matching, differential‐to‐single‐ended conversion, and electro‐static discharge protection. The circuit achieves a power gain of 18.5 dB, a maximum output power of 11.6 dBm, with 4.2% power‐added efficiency, and an output 1‐dB compression point of 9.3 dBm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1413–1416, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25972

Analysis of energy make-up requirements for resonant-type ring magnet power supplies

For fast-cycling synchrotrons, a resonant-type magnet power supply has been used to provide a DC-based AC excitation current for ring magnets. Simple LC resonant networks are formed with the ring magnets in order to provide the sinusoidally varying magnet current. The energy lost in the resonant network due to parasitic resistance is resupplied by energy make-up networks, and a constant AC excitation of the magnets is maintained. The author presents the analysis of energy make-up requirements for resonant-type ring magnet power supplies, in order to examine the voltage and current requirements of the energy make-up network. >