Layout Scheme Research Articles

Design of gas control lane of 9# coal seam in Wuhushan Mine based on layer layout optimization

In order to address the issue of gas over limit in the upper corner of the working face of the 9# coal seam in Wuhushan Mine, a series of theoretical and numerical simulation analyses were conducted to evaluate the optimal configuration for the gas control lane of the 9# coal seam. In accordance with the "O" circle theory and the lithology of the overlying rock strata of the 9# coal seam, the height range of the fallout zone and fissure zone in the working face mining area was determined by employing empirical formulas. The change rule and distribution characteristics of the porosity of the fissure zone and the fall zone in the mining area were analyzed based on the characteristics of rock movement and fall. The determination method was also provided. The numerical simulation software was employed to simulate and analyze the gas concentration field in the air-mining zone under conditions of no extraction and six distinct layer positions of the gas control lane. The optimal layer position of the gas control lane in the 9# coal seam was determined and subsequently implemented in the field. The results demonstrate that the overlying rock layer in the 9# coal seam exhibits a height range of 6.86 ~ 11.26 m, while the fissure zone displays a height range of 30.11 ~ 41.31 m. When the gas control road is situated in close proximity to the working face, the gas concentration field exhibits a markedly low concentration. When the distance between the gas control lane and the return airway of the working face is 20 m and the distance from the top of the coal seam is 20 m, the gas concentration in the upper corner and the return airway is 0.35% and 0.26%, respectively. These values are close to the lowest concentration observed in the layout scheme. Additionally, the gas extraction concentration and the pure volume of the gas control lane are 23.7% and 38.3 m3 min−1, respectively. These values represent the highest concentrations observed in the various layout schemes. The application of the gas management lane in the field, based on the numerical simulation results, demonstrated a successful extraction effect, which was consistent with the numerical simulation results. This effectively managed the issue of an over-limit of gas in the upper corner of the working face of the 9# coal seam.

Entropy generation analysis and thermal performance of absorber tube in parabolic trough solar collector inserted with eccentric structure insert

To address the issue of uneven heat transfer in parabolic trough solar collectors, this study introduces an innovative insert (composed of vortex generators) layout. The vortex generators are strategically placed in areas with high heat flux density, while their number is reduced in regions with low heat flux density. By adjusting the position of the central rod, the inserts are defined as three different layout strategies (central structure, low eccentric structure, and upper eccentric structure), and their thermal performance is analyzed. The differences in fluid flow and heat transfer induced by different structures are also compared. The results show that the upper eccentric structure can induce unevenly distributed high-intensity mixing vortices, and through the ejection and sweeping movements of these vortices, the high-temperature fluid in areas with high heat flux density is transported to positions with low geothermal flow. Among all the studied configurations, the upper eccentric structure achieves a Nusselt number increase ranging from 1.16 to 2.34 times and a friction number value increase between 1.47 and 5.38 times. In terms of heat transfer performance, the highest value is 1.43 when the number of vortex generators is 6 and Reynold number is 13,750. Additionally, the thermal performance of the inserted tubes is analyzed using the field synergy principle and entropy generation method.

Optimization of a Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Well Network Using a Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Model

Selecting representative groundwater monitoring wells in polluted areas is crucial to comprehensively assess groundwater pollution, thereby ensuring effective groundwater remediation. However, numerous factors can affect the effectiveness of groundwater monitoring well network optimizations. A local sensitivity analysis method was used in this study to analyze the hydrogeological parameters of a simulation groundwater solute transport model. The results showed a strong effect of longitudinal dispersion and transverse dispersion on the output results of the simulation model, and a good fit between the backpropagation neural network (BPNN)-based alternative model’s results and those obtained using the solute transport simulation model, accurately reflecting the input and output relationship of the simulation model. The optimized groundwater monitoring layout scheme consisted of four groundwater monitoring wells, namely no. 7, no. 16, no. 23, and no. 24. These wells resulted in a groundwater fluoride pollution rate of 98.44%, which was substantially higher than that obtained using the random layout scheme. In addition, statistical analysis of the fluoride groundwater pollution results obtained using the Monte Carlo random simulation highlighted continuous and high groundwater fluoride levels in the second and third pollution sources and their downstream groundwater. Therefore, more attention should be devoted to these sources to ensure the effective remediation of groundwater pollution in the study area.

Production Sequencing and Layout Optimization of Precast Concrete Components under Mold Resource Constraints

Precast concrete components have attracted a lot of attention due to their efficient production on off-site production lines. However, in the precast component production process, unreasonable production sequence and mold layout will reduce production efficiency and affect the workload balance between each process. Due to the multi-species and small-lot production characteristics of precast concrete components, the number of molds corresponding to each precast concrete component is generally limited. In this paper, a production sequence and layout optimization model for assembling precast concrete components under a limited number of molds is proposed, aiming to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the mold tables and balance the workload between each production process of precast components. In order to obtain a better production sequence and a richer combination of mold layout schemes, a multi-objective teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm based on the Pareto dominance relation is developed, and an enhancement mechanism is embedded in the proposed algorithm. To verify the superior performance of the enhanced teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm in improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the mold tables and balancing the workload between various processes, three different sizes of precast concrete component production cases are designed. The research results show that the proposed model and optimization algorithm can help production managers to efficiently formulate more reasonable precast component production sequence and layout schemes, especially for those enterprises that are struggling to improve the efficiency of precast concrete component production.

Optimization of industrial layout in airport economic zone through government-enterprise interaction

To avoid the issue of industrial layout plans in Airport Economic Zones (AEZs) being hard to implement due to mismatched the land supply and demand, it is necessary to clarify industrial layout factors that the government (land supplier) and locating enterprises (land demanders) focus on. This study constructs a AEZ's industrial layout optimization model from the government's perspective and enterprises’ locating utility. Based on the Gale-Shapley algorithm, aiming at eliminating blocking pairs, we establish government-enterprise interacting rules and coordinating mechanisms, corresponding to two types of government-enterprise interactions, namely public consultation and investment promotion joint meeting. According to government transparency and enterprise participation, the optimization model and Agent-Based Model are adopted in the combination to simulate the government-enterprise interactions in the decision-making of industrial layout in AEZ, under two interaction rules of “enterprises provide feedback in one go - the government makes revisions in one go” and “enterprises provide feedback one by one - the government makes revisions one by one”, respectively. By analyzing the changing curves of their objective functions, the equilibrium point where both parties can reach an agreement is identified, and the industrial layout scheme in AEZ is determined that will be mutually accepted. It is found that positive interaction with high government transparency and high enterprise participation will help improve the rationality of the industrial layout in AEZ, maximizing the efficiency of spatial allocation of elements and resources.

A strategy for the improvement of the bonding performance of 3D-printed concrete interlayer interfaces

3D-printed concrete, as an intelligent building technology, has enormous potential in construction. However, the weak bond interfaces between two adjacent layers of concrete are still a well-known problem affecting the mechanical properties of printed structures, with reduced interlayer shear and tensile properties. The reinforcement method of inserting steel bars in vertically printed layers is crucial and requires research and exploration of suitable methods, as well as finding the optimal reinforcement scheme that satisfies the interlayer interface when facing different loads. This study proposes a method of interlayer reinforcement by vertically laying steel fibers between layers, and investigates the effects of steel fiber offset, deployment density, and cross-sectional area on interlayer bonding strength. The strengthening effect of steel fiber on interlayer shear and tensile strength was tested through shear and splitting tests. Microscopic numerical models are used to study the evolution process of interlayer cracking. The correlation between different steel fiber variables and interlayer bonding strength was studied using a Generalized Grey Relational Analysis (GGRA). The results showed that the shear strength and tensile strength of the interlayer interface could be improved by 256.32 % and 353.61 %, respectively, through a reasonable fiber layout scheme. It is recommended to lay steel fibers with small offsets. When the interlayer interface is subjected to shear loads, priority should be given to increasing the cross-sectional area. When the interlayer interface is subjected to tensile loads, the deployment density should be increased first to achieve the best improvement in interlayer strength.

Impact of Spatial Layout Design on Energy Consumption of Ice Rinks in Cold Regions

The differentiated physical environment requirements within the internal space of ice rinks in cold regions result in a complex heat exchange process, which becomes the primary cause of high energy consumption. Therefore, analyzing the impact mechanisms of spatial layout parameters on the energy consumption of ice rinks is crucial during the early design stages. This study employed the Delphi method to identify the key parameters affecting the total energy consumption of ice rinks. It conducted single-factor experiments using building performance simulations to quantify the relationship between each layout parameter and the energy consumption. Based on the single-factor experiment results, orthogonal experiments were conducted to develop an energy-efficient spatial layout combination. The study indicates that the height-to-width ratio and the mixed area width are the most significant parameters. By adjusting the values of these parameters, the total energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 18% to 31%. The spatial layout strategy for ice rinks in cold regions proposed in this study will help architects make more effective decisions during the early design stages.

Study on heat transfer performance of cooling channels in proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on topology optimization

Based on topology optimization method, a dual-objective function topology optimization model containing minimum average temperature and minimum flow power dissipation was established in this study. Coupled with the uneven heat generation model of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the optimal layout scheme under the target operating conditions was adaptively obtained. The effects of volume fraction, objective function weight, and parabolic inlet velocity on the flow channel structure and cooling performance of topological cooling plates were studied. The results indicate that with the increase of volume fraction, the area of fluid region increases, the average temperature and the pressure drop of cooling plate gradually decrease. At the volume fraction of 0.5, the cooling plate has the best cooling performance. The temperature difference and maximum temperature reach the minimum values of 5.45 K and 347.58 K, respectively. When the volume fraction increases from 0.4 to 0.6, the pressure difference decreases by 67.64 %. With the increase of temperature weight coefficient, the area of high-temperature area gradually decreases, and the temperature uniformity is significantly improved. When the inlet velocity of coolant is 0.025 m/s and the temperature weight coefficient is 0.9, the average and maximum temperatures of cooling plate reach the lowest values, which are 343.53 K and 344.51 K, respectively. The maximum temperature of cooling plate under parabolic inlet velocity is of 347.87 K, which is 0.29 K higher than that under uniform inlet velocity. Non-uniform coolant inlet velocity will lead to a decrease in heat transfer capacity of cooling plate and an increase in coolant power consumption.

Influence of Hotel Design on Guest Experience and Satisfaction in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of hotel design on guest experience and satisfaction in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low-cost advantage as compared to field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that aesthetic appeal, functionality, and comfort of hotel interiors significantly contribute to guest satisfaction. Elements such as room layout, furniture design, lighting, and color schemes can create a welcoming and relaxing atmosphere, enhancing the perceived quality of the stay. Additionally, common areas like lobbies, restaurants, and recreational facilities also impact guests' first impressions and ongoing experiences. The design must cater to diverse guest needs, offering both communal and private spaces that facilitate social interactions and personal relaxation. Moreover, incorporating local culture and unique design elements can provide a memorable and authentic experience, further boosting guest satisfaction. Sustainable and eco-friendly design practices are increasingly valued by guests, reflecting their growing environmental consciousness. Overall, a well-thought-out hotel design can significantly enhance guest experience, leading to higher satisfaction, repeat visits, and positive reviews, which are vital for the hotel's success in a competitive market. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental psychology theory, services cape theory and expectancy-disconfirmation theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of hotel design on guest experience and satisfaction in Kenya. Hotels should prioritize investing in visually appealing and unique design elements, especially in common areas like lobbies. Policymakers should encourage and incentivize sustainable design practices in the hospitality industry.

The application of deep learning technology in integrated circuit design

This study addresses the intricate challenge of circuit layout optimization central to integrated circuit (IC) design, where the primary goals involve attaining an optimal balance among power consumption, performance metrics, and chip area (collectively known as PPA optimization). The complexity of this task, evolving into a multidimensional problem under multiple constraints, necessitates the exploration of advanced methodologies. In response to these challenges, our research introduces deep learning technology as an innovative strategy to revolutionize circuit layout optimization. Specifically, we employ Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in developing an optimized layout strategy, a performance prediction model, and a system for fault detection and real-time monitoring. These methodologies leverage the capacity of deep learning models to learn from high-dimensional data representations and handle multiple constraints effectively. Extensive case studies and rigorous experimental validations demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed deep learning-driven approaches. The results highlight significant enhancements in optimization efficiency, with an average power consumption reduction of 120% and latency decrease by 1.5%. Furthermore, the predictive capabilities are markedly improved, evidenced by a reduction in the average absolute error for power predictions to 3%. Comparative analyses conclusively illustrate the superiority of deep learning methodologies over conventional techniques across several dimensions. Our findings underscore the potential of deep learning in achieving higher accuracy in predictions, demonstrating stronger generalization abilities, facilitating superior design quality, and ultimately enhancing user satisfaction. These advancements not only validate the applicability of deep learning in IC design optimization but also pave the way for future advancements in addressing the multidimensional challenges inherent to circuit layout optimization.

Numerical Study on the Summer High-Temperature Climate Adaptation of Traditional Dwellings in the Western Plains of Sichuan, China

Ongoing global climate change, marked by sustained warming and extreme weather events, poses a severe threat to both the Earth’s ecosystems and human communities. Traditional settlements that underwent natural selection and evolution developed a unique set of features to adapt to and regulate the local climate. A comprehensive exploration of the spatial patterns and mechanisms of the adaptation of these traditional settlements is crucial for investigating low-energy climate adaptation theories and methods as well as enhancing the comfort of future human habitats. This study used numerical simulations and field measurements to investigate the air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and thermal comfort of traditional settlements in Western Sichuan Plain, China, and uncovered their climate suitability characteristics to determine the impact mechanisms of landscape element configurations (building height, building density, tree coverage, and tree position) and spatial patterns on microclimates within these settlements. The results revealed the structural and layout strategies adopted by traditional settlements to adapt to different climatic conditions, providing valuable insights for future rural protection and planning and enhancing climate resilience through natural means. These findings not only contribute to understanding the climate adaptability of Earth’s ecosystems and traditional settlements but also offer new theories and methods to address the challenges posed by climate change.

Multi-modal control and position optimization of solar panels

This paper investigates the impact of the position of piezoelectric actuators on the vibration control effect of the membrane plane composed of solar sail materials with a given unit area. Firstly, the nonlinear vibration equation of the membrane structure is perfected based on the system equation established by Yifan Lu et al. Then, the modal coupling effect pointed out by Liu Xiang is considered, and the fourth-order modal displacement generated by the piezoelectric actuator in vibration control is derived. Subsequently, the sliding mode controller used in vibration control is designed based on Lyapunov stability theory, and its effectiveness is verified through Simulink simulation. The sliding mode controller is used to calculate the required excitation signal and apply it to the piezoelectric patches. The reverse force is generated through the inverse piezoelectric effect of the patches to actively suppress the vibration of the solar sail. By changing the position and size of each piezoelectric actuator on the solar sail plane, this paper compares the impact of different layout positions on vibration control, and proposes an optimal layout scheme for the position of the piezoelectric patches in terms of control effectiveness.

Design features of a high-pressure transmission devices for hydro-jet technologies

Introduction. Hydro-jet technology is an innovative approach to using high pressure water for a variety of purposes. The technology has found a wide application in various industries, including construction, industry, agriculture and surface cleaning. The basic idea of water jetting systems is to use water as a powerful tool to destroy, clean and cut various materials. The paper discusses the constructing of the high-pressure hydro-puller device for hydro-jet technologies.Materials and methods. An analysis of the methods by hydro-jet technologies classification was made. The general structure and the constituent elements of this scheme is shown. Generalizing elements are identified and a characteristic layout diagram for use in all technological methods of hydro-jet methods is described, and the structural elements that are the main components and units of these technologies are described.Results. The scheme of energy flow on the main nodes of the traditional layout scheme of units for hydro-jet technologies is developed. The energy losses formed in the process of operation are estimated, the element of the hydrojet plant with the largest losses is determined, the peculiarities of its functioning and operation are analysed. The design methodologies, taking into account the identified problems and features, for high-pressure transmitting devices are given.Discussion and conclusions. The most efficient operation of ultra-high pressure transmitting devices for hydro-jet technologies is possible only taking into account their thermal state, characterized by a description of their thermal balance, which can only be ensured through the development of a number of techniques proposed for use in the design of such devices.

Thermal management enhancement of photovoltaic panels using phase change material heat sinks with various T-shaped fins

A numerical simulation of the heat dissipation performance in photovoltaic (PV) cells with phase change material (PCM) for cooling is performed by COMSOL Multiphysics. A comparative analysis of two T-shaped fin designs in PCM heat sinks is conducted to evaluate their impact on the cooling performance of PV panels. The findings indicate that a 180° T-shaped fin design substantially outperforms a cavity without fin design, reducing the PV cell average temperature by up to 15.1 K and enhancing electrical efficiency by 1.36 %. Further optimization of distal fin distance and secondary length reveals that temperature uniformity and photovoltaic efficiency can be improved, achieving a maximum electrical efficiency increase of 1.40 % and a temperature uniformity enhancement of 71.0 %. Detailed analysis underscores the critical role of the distal fin distance (Scheme 1) in temperature control and PCM convection, highlighting its importance in the design process. In contrast, numerical results of the alternative fin layout (Scheme 2) reveal its unsuitability for PV cooling applications.

Simulation analysis of BOP thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell bus

Hydrogen fuel cell bus has been rapidly developed. As an important part of the hydrogen fuel cell system, its BOP (Balance of plant) mainly includes air compressor, controller, and intercooler. In practical applications, the BOP thermal management system generally includes separated cooling circuits. This study proposes an integrated BOP thermal management system, in which the air compressor, the controller and the intercooler share the same cooling circuit. A 1-D numerical model is built in this paper. On the basis of the model, the 13 possible layout schemes of cooling circuit are investigated. Additionally, the BOP temperature variation characteristics under the UDDS (Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule) condition are also analyzed. The results indicate that not all layouts of integrated scheme can meet the cooling requirements. To meet cooling requirements of the whole BOP, the coolant should pass through the intercooler first in the serial schemes. As for the parallel schemes, the air compressor should be in a single branch, and the controller and the intercooler should be in series successively at another branch. Under the same total flow rate, the average temperature of BOP in the series scheme can be lower than that in parallel scheme by 8 %. In the three components, the intercooler is most affected by the stack power. This study provides reference for the design of the BOP thermal management system.

A Study on the Influence of Radial Spoiler Arrangement on the Combustion Process of Wankel Rotor Engines

Wankel rotor engines are widely used in various fields due to their high power density and simple structure. This paper presents the optimisation of the Wankel rotor engine by simple modifications of the structure. We propose a radial spoiler arrangement scheme that can affect the flame propagation speed and reaction severity by altering the flow field distribution and pre-reaction distribution in the cylinder. By comparing the effects of four layout schemes on flame propagation speed and reaction intensity, including no spoilers, radial spoilers deflected at an angle of 10° in the negative direction of the Z-axis, radial spoilers deflected at an angle of 10° in the positive direction of the Z-axis, and radial spoilers arranged at the centre of the rotor combustion chamber, the benefits of different layout schemes were evaluated. We conducted a study on the influence of the arrangement of radial spoilers on the combustion process of a Wankel rotary engine through theoretical calculations. This helps to reduce engine vibration, improve engine operation stability, and enhance engine performance.

SceneDirector: Interactive Scene Synthesis by Simultaneously Editing Multiple Objects in Real-Time.

Intelligent tools for creating synthetic scenes have been developed significantly in recent years. Existing techniques on interactive scene synthesis only incorporate a single object at every interaction, i.e., crafting a scene through a sequence of single-object insertions with user preferences. These techniques suggest objects by considering existent objects in the scene instead of fully picturing the eventual result, which is inherently problematic since the sets of objects to be inserted are seldom fixed during interactive processes. In this article, we introduce SceneDirector, a novel interactive scene synthesis tool to help users quickly picture various potential synthesis results by simultaneously editing groups of objects. Specifically, groups of objects are rearranged in real-time with respect to a position of an object specified by a mouse cursor or gesture, i.e., a movement of a single object would trigger the rearrangement of the existing object group, the insertions of potentially appropriate objects, and the removal of redundant objects. To achieve this, we first propose an idea of coherent group set which expresses various concepts of layout strategies. Subsequently, we present layout attributes, where users can adjust how objects are arranged by tuning the weights of the attributes. Thus, our method gives users intuitive control of both how to arrange groups of objects and where to place them. Through extensive experiments and two applications, we demonstrate the potentiality of our framework and how it enables concurrently effective and efficient interactions of editing groups of objects.

Damage detection method for square steel tube based on CS-NME algorithm via ultrasonic guided waves

The utilization of ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) technology has garnered considerable attention in non-destructive testing field, particularly for steel components. However, for square steel tubes with noncircular cross sections, this method encounters severer frequency dispersion, which hampers the accuracy of damage identification. To address this issue, the approach utilizing the normal mode expansion (NME) method combined with cuckoo search (CS) algorithm to develop a layout strategy for ultrasonic transducer position and length is proposed, which enables single mode excitation of UGW while reducing the interference from redundant clutter signals, thereby enhancing the accuracy of damage detection. The efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated via numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. The results show that this method can significantly reduce the interference of other modes by optimizing the location and length of ultrasonic transducers, and successfully detect the hole and crack damage on the square steel tube.

Design and performance of a triaxial load cell for conical picks

Measuring the load on picks in mining operations poses a significant challenge, which hinders the optimization of cutting mechanism design. To address this issue, a unified load measurement model was initially developed using angular transformation. Subsequently, the measuring-point positions were determined based on the principles of large strain and ease of measurement, using Finite Element Analysis. By analyzing the strain law of the measuring-point positions, a sensor layout scheme was designed, which led to the development of a triaxial load cell. Utilizing the piecewise least squares method and BP neural network, the calibration and decoupling were performed. The findings indicated that the BP neural network effectively reduced the error. Finally, cutting experiments were conducted. The error was less than 8 %, effectively identifying the load variation characteristics when cutting materials with different hardness. The results demonstrate that the designed triaxial load cell can accurately and reliably capture cutting loads.

Accuracy analysis of UAV aerial photogrammetry based on RTK mode, flight altitude, and number of GCPs

Abstract The optimization of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photogrammetry scheme is crucial for achieving higher precision mapping results. Three representative factors, namely the real-time kinematic (RTK) mode, flight altitude, and the number of ground control points (GCPs) were selected to analyze their impact on UAV aerial photogrammetry accuracy. Four flight altitude tests were conducted separately in two RTK modes, and five GCP layout schemes were designed. Based on this, the root mean square error (RMSE) values of 40 aerial photogrammetric results were analyzed. The results showed a significant correlation between flight altitude and resolution of the UAV aerial photogrammetric results. Further, conversion formulas between actual image resolution and flight altitude for different GCP values were also derived in RTK and non-RTK modes. In the case of precise positioning, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the aerial photogrammetric image decreased with increasing flight altitude. Under the same flight altitude, the addition or no addition of GCPs, including changes in GCP numbers, had no significant effect on improving the accuracy of aerial photogrammetry in RTK mode. However, in non-RTK mode, the number of GCPs significantly affected accuracy. The horizontal and vertical RMSE values decreased rapidly with the increase in GCP numbers and then stabilized. However, regardless of whether RTK was activated, an excessive number of GCPs was not conducive to improving the accuracy of aerial photogrammetric results. The mapping accuracy of UAVs in RTK mode without GCPs was equivalent to that in non-RTK mode with GCPs. Therefore, when using RTK-UAVs, deploying GCPs is unnecessary under suitable circumstances. Finally, practical suggestions for optimizing the UAV aerial photogrammetry scheme are provided as a reference for related applications.