Layout Of Units Research Articles

Template-Oriented-Assembly microsphere lithography for multi-type SiC microlens arrays

Silicon carbide (SiC) microlens arrays (MLAs) with a defined layout are used as an optical homogenizer in extremely high-temperature environments due to their excellent physicochemical properties. In this paper, a novel template-oriented-assembly microsphere lithography (TMSL) method is proposed to fabricate SiC MLA. Firstly, the metal micropyramid array (MPA) template was designed and fabricated by ultraprecision cutting and then converted to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface. After that, the microspheres were assembled into a monolayer on the inverted MPA of PDMS. Subsequently, the microsphere array monolayer (MSM) was used as the stamper in the hot embossing process to create the photoresist MLA mask. Finally, the patterns on the photoresist mask were transferred to the SiC substrate by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. The layout of lens units was determined by the MPA template and the positioning accuracy of MLA unit is mainly influenced by the form error in MPA mold manufacturing process. The transfer mechanism from the metal MPA template to SiC MLA was studied, and the transfer characteristics of theoretical analyses and experimental results were compared, confirming the feasibility and advantages of the TMSL method.

Optimization of governor parameters for transient process of hydropower system with two turbine units sharing a super long headrace tunnel

AbstractThe governor parameters affect the stability and regulation quality of hydropower system with two turbine units sharing a super long headrace tunnel (SLHT). To improve the transient process of hydropower system, this study investigates the optimization of governor parameters. First, the model of hydropower system with two turbine units sharing an SLHT is established. Second, the optimization scheme of governor parameters for transient process of hydropower system is designed by genetic algorithm. The mathematical formulation of genetic algorithm is illuminated. The implementation procedure of genetic algorithm is illustrated. Then, the optimization results of governor parameters by genetic algorithm are analyzed by illustrating the regulation quality of hydropower system under two operating conditions. Finally, the effect of asymmetrical factors on optimal governor parameters is revealed. The asymmetrical layout of bifurcated penstocks, asymmetrical layout of turbine units, and asymmetrical load disturbances are considered. The results indicate that the objective function of hydropower system is composed of the dynamic indexes for frequency oscillations of two turbine units and water level oscillation in surge tank. The fitness function evolves in the direction that makes the regulation quality of hydropower system become better. Under the symmetrical or asymmetrical bifurcated penstocks, turbine units, and load disturbances, the optimal parameters of governors are asymmetrical. The regulation quality of hydropower system under the governor parameters of genetic algorithm is obviously better than that under the governor parameters of Stein formula. The optimal governor parameters are directly affected by the asymmetrical factors of hydropower system. With the increase of the flow inertia of one bifurcated penstock, the optimal parameters of the other governor become greater.

The Architectural Layout of Long-Term Care Units: Relationships between Support for Residents' Well-Being and for Caregivers' Burnout and Resilience.

With a growing need for long-term care facilities in general, and for specialized dementia units in particular, it is important to ensure that the architectural layouts of such facilities support the well-being of both the residents and the unit caregivers. This study aimed to investigate correlations between the support provided by the architectural layout of long-term care units for enhancing residents' well-being and for decreasing unit caregivers' burnout and increasing their resilience-as layouts may impact each party differently. The Psycho Spatial Evaluation Tool was utilized to assess the support provided by the layouts of seventeen long-term care units (ten regular nursing units and seven specialized dementia units) for the residents' physical and social well-being (five dimensions); a questionnaire was used to measure the unit caregivers' burnout and resilience. When analyzing layouts' support for residents' physical and social well-being, inconsistencies emerged regarding correlations with caregivers' burnout and resilience across the two types of long-term care units. Supporting residents' physical well-being was correlated with increased caregiver resilience in dementia units, and with increased burnout and decreased resilience in regular nursing units. Layouts supporting social well-being showed inconsistent correlations with caregivers' resilience indexes in dementia units, and with burnout and resilience indexes in regular nursing units. The findings underscore the role of the architectural layout of long-term care units in enhancing residents' well-being; the results also highlight the possible unintentional yet negative impact of the layout on the caregivers' burnout and resilience. This study emphasizes the need to identify and rectify design shortcomings as a means of enhancing residents' well-being, while increasing the unit caregivers' resilience and decreasing their burnout. These insights should be addressed when developing strategies and interventions for ensuring optimal care environments for all parties involved.

Determining conditions for providing maximum traction efficiency of tractor as part of a soil tillage unit

This study aims to investigate the operation of a tractor as part of the tillage unit on the basis of analysis of its interaction with the supporting surface and the correlation between the mass of the tractor and tool. The classic approach to determining the efficiency factor does not take into account the extensive system of power take-off shafts and the extent of their use in combined tillage units. To solve the related problem, a mathematical apparatus was built in the study, which makes it possible to determine the rational ratio between the traction force of a tractor and the mass of the tillage unit. Underlying the methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of the study of traction indicators of the tractor as part of the tillage unit. Empirical models of unit operation were constructed by employing the basic principles of the system approach and analysis of technical systems. When improving the methodology of research using the method of partial accelerations and our devised procedures, it was possible to significantly reduce the time without compromising the quality of results. The maximum traction efficiency for John Deere 8R series tractors as part of the tillage unit was determined, ηTmax=0.719, as well as the conditions for its provision. The traction efficiency for tractors with wheel formula 4K2, mass Gim=6–10 t, with power consumption from 60 % to 80 % was determined; it is 0.58–0.64. The results of the study make it possible to obtain a new solution to the scientific problem of ensuring the maximum traction efficiency of the tractor as part of the tillage unit, based on the rational ratio between the traction force of the tractor and the weight of the machine-tractor unit. The proposed system approach could be used to justify the layout of units and recommendations regarding their modes of operation in the case of instability of operating mass and traction force

Development of the Life Cycle Extension Algorithm of the Air Conditioning Systems (ACS)

Introduction. The scientific problem tackled by the authors is the need to analyse and evaluate the life cycle of the air conditioning systems (ACS) for developing an optimal technology of creating the favourable indoor climate, which enables people’s productive work and rest as well as the normal flow of the technological processes. The study aimed at investigating the life cycle of an ACS as a facility of the comfortable indoor climate provision within the urban mixeduse complexes.Materials and Methods. The authors' research is based on the methods of mathematical and system analysis used to find out the solution for extending the life cycle of the indoor climate provision facilities.Results. As a result of the research, the ACS main life cycle stages were distinguished, their relations to the respective operational parameters were determined, the formulas for calculating the criteria and nondimensional indicators of the indoor climate provision system’s operation assessment were proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The carried out analysis on distinguishing the life cycle extension capacities allowed us to conclude that the ACS operational stage provides the best opportunities for selecting the optimal layout of the system functional units and the air conditioning technology. The formulas for calculating the criteria and their respective nondimensional indicators enabling the development of the recommendations and ways of extending the ACS life cycle have been determined and described.

A real-time operational carbon emission prediction method for the early design stage of residential units based on a convolutional neural network: A case study in Beijing, China

Buildings are currently responsible for 39% of global energy related carbon emissions. Thus, carbon reduction in the construction industry is crucial to global climate issues. This study contributes a real-time operational carbon emission prediction method for the early design stage of residential units based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN model was trained based on a dataset with 2000 real residential units focusing on typical cases in northern China, particularly in Beijing, which is a significant energy consumption area. The R2 values of the operational-stage heating and electricity carbon emissions in the validation dataset reached between 0.91 and 0.98. The trained model based on this method can provide the real-time prediction of the carbon emission potential of proposed residential units to buttress architects to make scientific design decisions. The model was then validated on new cases that varied in the total area, rooms, orientation, window locations, and window sizes. The performance of the CNN model is verified by comparing the results with the output of an EnergyPlus model. While the variation trends of the output results of the two methods are found to be consistent, the CNN model results still have certain deviations from those of the EnergyPlus model. Consequently, the proposed method can reflect the variation of operational-stage carbon emissions due to the change of the floor layouts of residential units, and has a faster speed and higher convenience than the simulation-based method.

Analysis of the safety of pumping units of pumping stations of machine water lifting in the function of reliability indicators

The article presents ways of analyzing the safety of pumping units of pumping stations of machine water lifting in the function of reliability indicators, taking into account the complexity of analyzing the safety of pumping stations of machine water lifting and presenting the pumping unit of a pumping station as a "system", as well as taking into account the need to attract information about their functional scheme, information about the reliability indicators of the elements included in these schemes, information about the adopted system of maintenance and repair, as well as the criteria for the failure of such systems, structural schemes for calculating the reliability of the pumping unit have been developed. The developed structural scheme for calculating the reliability of a pumping unit is presented, consisting of an electric motor, a pump, a power supply network, a control device, a converter, a machine exciter or a semiconductor excitation system, a winding, active steel, an excitation winding, a collector-brush apparatus, a bearing, guide bearings, an oil cooler, an air cooler of an electric motor, a working ring, guide bearings, system lubrication of pump bearings. Structural diagrams are also given for four variants of the design layout of pumping units: each pumping unit supplies water to its pipeline; several pumping units operate in one common pressure pipeline; the main and backup pumping units are connected in series; pumping units are connected to a common pressure pipeline in series-parallel. Based on these structural schemes, formulas for determining the probability of trouble-free operation of the pumping unit and pumping units, considering their structural layout, are compiled. The article assumes that the uptime of the synchronous motor of the pumping unit is distributed exponentially, and the law of the repair time distribution corresponds to the gamma distribution.

The physical environment is essential, but what does the design and structure of stroke units look like? A descriptive survey of inpatient stroke units in Sweden.

The design of the physical environment is a critical factor in patient care and is known to influence health, well-being, clinical efficiency, and health-related outcomes. To date, there has been no general review of the physical environment of modern Swedish stroke units. To explore the physical environment of inpatient stroke units in Sweden and describe the design and structure of these units. This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected in Sweden from April to July 2021 via a survey questionnaire. The layout of the stroke units varied broadly, such as the number of single-bed and multi-bed rooms. More than half the stroke units comprised spaces for rehabilitation and had an enriched environment in the form of communal areas with access to computers, games, books, newspapers, and meeting places. However, they offered sparse access to plants and/or scenery. Healthcare environments are an essential component of a sustainable community. From a sustainability perspective, healthcare facilities must be built with high architectural quality and from a long-term perspective. Research on the physical environment in healthcare should contribute to improved quality of care, which can be achieved through building healthcare facilities that support the performance of care and recovery. Therefore, mapping of areas of interest for further investigation is crucial.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION BY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

The solution to the problem of energy saving and improving environmental security can be provided only by a systematic approach, which should be based on the analysis of the efficiency and environmental friendliness of energy production. 
 A methodology was developed and implemented to assess the qualitative state of operation of specific thermal power facilities by energy and environmental characteristics in real time, taking into account the set of energy, environmental, passport and normalized performance of its units, facilities and devices. 
 The methodology in practice allows in a complex to determine simultaneously the level of energy efficiency and environmental safety with an assessment of compliance with the level of permissible values for concentrations of pollutants and hazardous substances of the working area and their hazard class. In this case, indicators and parameters of monitoring of various processes of each individual element and component of the energy production facility as a whole, which uses as a source of energy organic fuel, are used.
 According to this methodology of comprehensive energy-environmental assessment of operating conditions of energy facilities can be compared different in design, thermal, environmental and other scale characteristics of thermal energy cycles, facilities, installations, units and other thermal energy equipment and optimize the choice of energy source for heat and energy production under different schemes of layout of units within the cycles.
 Application of the methodology of assessment of energy-ecological efficiency of thermal energy processes allows to assess the energy-ecological feasibility of modernization or reconstruction of facilities in order to achieve the best performance of their operation in the heat and energy supply systems of various sectors of the country's economy. The use of the method is demonstrated by the example of calculating the coefficient of energy and environmental efficiency for energy boilers of different capacities.

Privacy as a motivating factor for spatial layout transformation in Jordanian public housing

Various studies have addressed the issue of privacy and referred to its critical role in shaping the spatial organization and functional configurations of buildings. Residents of public housing projects tend to modify their homes to achieve different functional and occupancy objectives. While the variables that motivate tenants to alter their spatial layouts have been extensively studied, only a few studies have researched the role of privacy as a motivating factor in modifying public housing units upon extended periods of occupancy. Therefore, this study examines the role of privacy as a motivating factor in the spatial layout modification of public housing units in Jordan. It sampled a Jordanian public housing project in which the spatial layout of several housing units has been modified by residents over time. The spatial configuration of the original and the modified version of the housing unit was assessed in terms of visibility, accessibility, hierarchical structure, and the spatial organization of interior spaces. Additionally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the residents to gain a better understanding of privacy considerations in modified units. The study of Jordanian public housing units revealed that residents carried out various modifications over time that encompassed enclosing balconies with interior living spaces, adding private entrances, or expanding the space of balconies and terraces. The Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) and J-Graph analyses showed that home modifications precipitated hierarchical spatial relationships that echo established sociocultural traditions in Jordanian society. The data analysis emphasized the key role that privacy plays as a motivational factor for spatial layout transformation. Hence, this research underlines the imperative of integrating sociocultural needs with functional aspects in the process of designing public housing projects. Designers should embed higher levels of flexibility in their masterplans and home layouts. With residents' satisfaction and spatial flexibility in mind, designers should identify and engage concerned stakeholders during the initial stages of planning and design of public housing.

Investigations into the impact of nursing unit layout on critical care nurses

BackgroundNurses’ work environment has apparent implications for maximizing their productivity, satisfaction, and improving patient care. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the influence of three nursing unit spatial layouts on critical care nurses’ satisfaction and walking behavior at a university hospital. MethodsThe research used a comparative design by administering a standardized questionnaire, recording walking steps and distances using pedometers, and tracking nurses’ walking behavior. Thirty-six critical care nurses working on the morning shift consented to participate in the research. ResultsThe study results showed a relationship between the spatial layout of intensive care units (ICUs) and nurses' satisfaction and walking behavior. Questionnaire results indicated statistically significant variations in nurses' satisfaction with the location of the nursing station, the arrangement of patients' rooms, the availability of family space, and the unit's auditory privacy. Nurses in ICU1 were more satisfied with the nursing station's placement and the availability of family space inside patient rooms, while nurses in ICU2 were more satisfied with the patient bed arrangement and the unit's aural privacy than nurses in other units. The pedometer readings and movement maps revealed significant differences in nurses' walking patterns across the three ICUs. The steps, distances, and movement diagrams demonstrated that ICU1 with private rooms outperformed the other units owing to the nurse station's placement and accessibility to patients and support rooms. ConclusionThis study concludes that the ICU design impacts nurses' satisfaction and behavior. The optimum placement of nursing stations, patients' beds, and supporting room reduces walking distance and thus increases nurses’ satisfaction and performance.

Vibration Design of CT Scanner with Transfer Function

This paper provides a new vibration evaluation method of CT scanner with a non-axisymmetric rigid rotor. Vibration at the fundamental frequency under unbalanced load is expressed by the product of unbalance load and its transfer function obtained either by calculation of frequency responses function (FRF) or experimental measurement. Additionally, we provide a formulation of dynamic unbalance load for non-axisymmetric rigid rotor. Although applying correction weights is general way to eliminating residual vibration, but arbitrary weight set can be designed by satisfying the same unbalance load. Furthermore, optimization of the machine structure and the layout of units mounted in the rotor can also be made by evaluating transfer function of the machine with FEM and unbalance load, respectively.

Modeling the Uncertainty in the Layout of Geological Units by Implicit Boundary Simulation Accounting for a Preexisting Interpretive Geological Model

Modeling the Uncertainty in the Layout of Geological Units by Implicit Boundary Simulation Accounting for a Preexisting Interpretive Geological Model

Research of polymers strength properties for 3D printing under normal conditions

An article is devoted to the study of the strength properties of interlayer adhesion and determination of Young's modulus by the ball instrumental indentation method for samples, made of various plastics using additive technology under normal conditions. This production method is chosen as the most appropriate for creating lightly stressed parts of complex geometry (up to 30 MPa) in the shortest possible time. One of the possible options for such products is full-size centrifugal wheels layouts of low power gas turbine units (up to 250 kW) for testing them in model conditions. It will ensure the work of the material in the elastic zone. The samples are considered, obtained by FDM method from various polymers such as: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene thermoplastic resin (ABS+), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene thermoplastic resin with addition of carbon fibers (ABS Carbon), nylon with addition of carbon fibers (Nylon Super Carbon), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and a compound based on polylactide (PLA HP). Plastics, made by this method, have anisotropic properties. Therefore, in this work, the strength characteristics of the test samples interlayer adhesion under tension are determined.

Inpatient Telemedicine and New Models of Care during COVID-19: Hospital Design Strategies to Enhance Patient and Staff Safety.

The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to the development of new hospital design strategies and models of care. To enhance staff safety while preserving patient safety and quality of care, hospitals have created a new model of remote inpatient care using telemedicine technologies. The design of the COVID-19 units divided the space into contaminated and clean zones and integrated a control room with audio-visual technologies to remotely supervise, communicate, and support the care being provided in the contaminated zone. The research is based on semi-structured interviews and observations of care processes that implemented a new model of inpatient telemedicine at Sheba Medical Center in Israel in different COVID-19 units, including an intensive care unit (ICU) and internal medicine unit (IMU). The study examines the impact of the diverse design layouts of the different units associated with the implementation of digital technologies for remote care on patient and staff safety. The results demonstrate the challenges and opportunities of integrating inpatient telemedicine for critical and intermediate care to enhance patient and staff safety. We contribute insights into the design of hospital units to support new models of remote care and suggest implications for Evidence-based Design (EBD), which will guide much needed future research.

Study on the maintenance scheduling model for compressor units of long-distance natural gas networks considering actual maintenance demands

Most maintenance strategies serving for the practical applications are formulated based on the single maintenance objective and do not consider the physical layout of compressor units in the complex pipeline networks and the actual maintenance demands, resulting in the over-maintenance or under-maintenance. The effective maintenance strategies for compressor units improve the unit reliability, economy, and maintenance efficiency. This work establishes a multi-level maintenance scheduling model composing of unit life prediction, unit-level maintenance decision, and system-level maintenance scheduling to guide the maintenance planning with cost and availability as the evaluation objectives. The maintenance strategies are developed by considering the series-parallel layout of compressor units, actual maintenance demands, and maintenance capability. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through 31 compressor unit networks in the Chinese west-east gas pipeline under the strategies of separating maintenance, combining maintenance, single maintenance team, and multiple maintenance teams, and compared it with the traditional methods. Compared with the traditional individual and simultaneous maintenance modes, the proposed method based on the optimal time window can reduce the maintenance cost by at least 27.7% and 25.1%, respectively. The weight factors and reliability have a great influence on the cost increase rate and unit availability. The multi-objective maintenance scheduling can improve the unit availability by 1.6% compared with the single availability optimization objective, and the corresponding maintenance cost rate is only increased by 0.68%. For the complex compressor unit networks, it is a better choice to consider the multi-objective maintenance planning under the single maintenance team. The model can improve the anti-risk ability of compressor units in long-distance natural gas networks and put forward maintenance suggestions from the perspective of safety, economy, and reliability.

A Low-Dimensional Layout of Magnetic Units as Nano-Systems of Combinatorial Logic: Numerical Simulations.

Nanotechnology has opened numerous ways for physically realizing very sophisticated nanodevices that can be fabricated exclusively using molecular engineering methods. However, the synthesis procedures that lead to the production of nanodevices are usually complicated and time consuming. For this reason, the destination materials should be well designed. Therefore, numerical simulations can be invaluable. In this work, we present numerical simulations of the magnetic behaviour of magnetic units shaped into nanometric strips as a low dimensional layout that can be used as nano-systems of combinatorial logic. We showed that magnetic layouts that contain fewer than 16 magnetic units can take on a specific configuration as a response to the input magnetic field. Such configuration can be treated as an output binary word. The layouts that contained various numbers of magnetic units showed different switching characteristics (utterly different order of inverting of strips’ magnetic moments), thus creating numerous combinations of the output binary words in response to the analog magnetic signal. The number of possible output binary words can be increased even more by adding parameters––the system’s initial magnetic configuration. The physical realization of the model presented here can be used as a very simple and yet effective encryption device that is based on nanometric arrays of magnetic units rather than an integrated circuit. The same information, provided by the proposed system, can be utilized for the construction of a nano-sensor for measuring of magnetic field with the possibility of checking also the history of magnetization.

A combination sampling approach for epidemiologic research in humanitarian settings: a case analysis of a study of depressive disorder prevalence among refugees in Greece

BackgroundUnderstanding the burden of common mental health disorders, such as depressive disorder, is the first step in strengthening prevention and treatment in humanitarian emergencies. However, simple random sampling methods may lead to a high risk of coercion in settings characterized by a lack of distinction between researchers and aid organizations, mistrust, privacy concerns, and the overarching power differential between researchers and populations affected by crises. This case analysis describes a sampling approach developed for a survey study of depressive disorder in a Syrian refugee camp in Greece (n = 135).DiscussionSyrian refugees face an extraordinarily high burden of depressive disorder during the asylum process (43%), necessitating population screening, prevention, and treatment. In order to preserve the informed consent process in this refugee camp setting, the research team developed a two-phase sampling strategy using a map depicting the geographical layout of the housing units within the camp. In the first phase, camp management announced a research study was being undertaken and individuals were invited to volunteer to participate. The participants’ container (housing) numbers were recorded on the map, but were not linked to the survey data. Then, in the second phase, the camp map was used for complementary sampling to reach a sample sufficient for statistical analysis. As a result of the two phases of the sampling exercise, all eligible adults from half the containers in each block were recruited, producing a systematic, age- and sex-representative sample.ConclusionsCombining sampling procedures in humanitarian emergencies can reduce the risk of coerced consent and bias by allowing participants to approach researchers in the first phase, with a second phase of sampling conducted to recruit a systematic sample. This case analysis illuminates the feasibility of a two-phase sampling approach for drawing a quasi-random, representative sample in a refugee camp setting.

Artificial neural networks modeling of non-fat yogurt texture properties: effect of process conditions and food composition

Texture is one of the main characteristics involved in the acceptance of yogurt and must be monitored for the quality control of the product and for the adequate layout of the processing units. However, the determination of these properties requires expensive equipment, such as rotational rheometers, inaccessible to many industries. Thus, the modeling of artificial neural networks (ANNs) was applied to predict the texture properties of yogurt (output) based on changes in formulation and process conditions (inputs). Non-fat yogurts were produced with different centrifugation conditions and concentrations of protein and enzyme transglutaminase. Three models were developed: ANN-TPA to predict the properties obtained in the analysis of the texture profile (TPA), and ANN-TIX and ANN-VIS to predict thixotropy and viscosity, respectively. The enzymatic and protein variables had an impact of 46.3% and 53.6%, respectively, on the response of ANN-TPA. The shear rate had an impact of 83.7% and 86.0% on the thixotropy and apparent viscosity, respectively. The ANNs were able to predict responses with good precision (R2 >0.95) and low root mean square error (RMSE), showing their potential to be used as a tool to predict the properties of yogurt.

Possibilities and Limitations in Shaping Customized Residential Interiors

Own, satisfying home is one of the things that having in a person’s lifetime is extremely important because it ensures meeting basic needs. Nowadays, in the era of increasingly stronger privatization and individualization of social life, paying attention to the individual and not universalistic user is becoming an important planning task. The Polish multi-family housing stock mostly comes from the ‘70s and ‘80s, when the construction was based on a large-panel system – hostile, rigid and heavily standardized. At present, the buildings are erected in technologies based on modern materials and technologies, but the layout and size of the residential units are not much different from those erected 40 years ago. The paper is an attempt to draw attention to the issue of shaping residential interiors tailored to the individual user. An attempt to analyze the possibilities or lack thereof for the free creation of residential interiors, The aim of the research is to analyze the possibilities of spatial creation of individualized residential interior layouts, both in existing multi-family residential stock – a project in adapted space, and in a model space (cube 6 x 6 x 6 meters). The research material comes from both: the design classes conducted by the author of the article and the housing stock that has been inventoried by her. The research method is a comparison of existing flats and ideological systems, designed by the students of the Faculty of Architecture of the Silesian University of Technology, within the design classes based on the author’s own didactic program. The interior utility program includes residential functions – daily rest, sleeping, personal hygiene, preparation and consumption of meals, storage and implementation of hobbies. In principle, the residential interior is intended for two users: two people, or a person plus a pet, taking into account the individual needs of each co-resident. The designed residential interiors, apart from utilitarian solutions, are characterized by aesthetic and functional solutions related to the selected interests (hobby) of the inhabitants. Basing on the analysis of selected conceptual designs and comparing them with existing residential layouts, conclusions will be drawn about the occurrence of possibilities and limitations in shaping individualized residential spaces. It is important to determine – what are the restrictions on adaptations, in connection with the existence of a specific structural and installation system, the arrangement of windows on the facade, etc., which lead to the impoverishment of the arrangement possibilities and adaptation of the interior for a defined user. The presented projects will also show a different view on the way housing is shaped, which breaks the patterns existing in public awareness. The main conclusions from the research may be useful in subsequent development projects. They can be a clue to discuss the existing restrictions on residential interiors located in multi-family buildings, whose shape is governed by: building regulations, rigid building structure and its equipment with technical installations and devices, as well as the development policy focused on maximum investment return.