System Layout Research Articles

ADAPTIVE IMPULSE SYSTEM OF IMPACT FROM THE SURFACE ON THE NEAR-PRODUCTION ZONE OF THE OIL WELL

This article examines the functioning of an adaptive impulse system with an electro-hydraulic drive for influencing the near-bore zone of an oil well from the surface without stopping hydrocarbon production. Particular attention was paid to the definition of the structure and functions of the electrohydraulic drive of the pulse system, and the rational zone of operation of the implosion pulse generator was determined with the establishment of restrictions on its operation. The article presents a mathematical model of the implosive impulse process and a functional-logistic model of adaptation of the impulse system to the conditions of the working environment. The variant of the system layout with the installation of an implosion pulse generator on the pump unit for action from the surface on the near-breakout zone of the oil well was considered. The rational length of the implosion chamber was determined and the area of operation of the adaptive pulse system with the generation of rational values of water hammer pressure was established. The paper presents the results of the industrial approval of the adaptive impulse system with electrohydraulic control of the previous modification under the industrial conditions of Ukraine. The characteristics of the devices that were used in the process of industrial approval are given.

Hydrodynamic analysis of floating photovoltaic system constrained with rigid connectors

With the expansion of floating photovoltaics, rigid connectors offer advantages over polyester ropes by reducing the relative motion of floats and simplifying the layout of the connection system. However, the overall stability and safety of the floating photovoltaic system may be compromised if a wave crest occurs at the connection point of the rigid connector during motion. Furthermore, the rigid connectors with different degrees of freedom significantly impact the motion of the floats and their connection loads. In this study, three types of single-rod rigid connector models with varying constraints are established through numerical simulation to explore the feasibility of applying single-rod rigid connectors with different degrees of freedom in photovoltaic systems. Based on their degrees of freedom, these connectors are classified as cardan, purely rigid, and hinged. An analysis of float motion and connector loads in two-floating, four-floating, and eight-floating systems shows that as the number of floats increases, the axial distance between them decreases, resulting in more intense motion. Despite this, the eight-floating system maintains a certain safety distance. The maximum load on the connectors occurs in the middle of the multi-floating system, and releasing degrees of freedom can help mitigate some of the load effects.

Order Degree and Centrality Analysis of Advanced Fighter Environmental Control System and Thermal Management System

As fighter aircraft become more advanced, traditional air cycle systems have fallen short of meeting the complex environmental control requirements. Advanced fighters such as the F-22 Raptor have responded to these challenges by adopting integrated thermal management systems. These systems feature complex thermodynamic processes and intricate information transmission pathways among various components, creating a sophisticated network structure. To unravel the complexity of such systems, this paper employs a blend of thermodynamics and information theory. We conduct multi-level analysis using structure entropy method and centrality algorithms to explore the information transmission characteristics within these thermodynamic systems. At the system level, we find that variation in environmental parameters have only a 1% impact on order degree, whereas the influence from the system's own structure is more pronounced. At the component level, within the whole system, the varies components in AFT PAO and fuel loops emerge as critical hubs for information transmission. Among these components, the PAO/Fuel stands out as the most important, with closeness and betweenness centrality exceeding that of all other components by at least 11.5% and 29.1%. This study offers a theoretical foundation for the optimization of thermodynamic system structure and layout, viewed through the lens of information theory.

System design of a novel open-air brayton cycle integrating direct air capture

The Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology is essential for achieving carbon neutrality, as it enables processes with net-negative CO2 emissions. However, its widespread commercialization faces significant challenges due to high energy requirements. Numerous attempts have been made to address this issue through thermal integration, yet the fundamental challenge of the high cost associated with extracting large volumes of low-concentration CO2 from ambient air remains unresolved. In this study, the integration of Open-Air Brayton Cycle (OABC) as a solution to enhance overall system utilization by simultaneously utilizing large volumes of ambient air is introduced. Various OABC coupled temperature swing adsorption based DAC system layouts are analyzed while considering different regeneration temperatures, and the results revealed the optimal configurations that significantly reduce energy cost per captured unit of CO2 with high purity and recovery. By combining an equilibrium short-cut model for temperature swing adsorption with process simulation methodologies, this research proposes the concept of “energy cost”—a metric that represents the amount of CO2 captured against the energy penalty incurred by integrating DAC with OABC systems. The findings demonstrate that combining DAC and OABC systems could yield high purity and recovery rates of CO2 through strategic thermal management and advanced adsorbent usage, offering a synergistic approach to carbon capture from an energy consumption perspective.

Application of System Layout Planning (SLP) in Factory Layout Design

In manufacturing setups characterized by low volume, high optionality, substantial work content, and reliance on trivial knowledge, small and medium-scale industries often lack a systematic approach when it comes to redesigning their existing manufacturing lines or launching new manufacturing process lines. Traditional approaches to plant layout design, while having served their purpose in the past, come with inherent limitations and challenges that may hinder the adaptability and competitiveness of manufacturing facilities in the United States. This white paper delves into the pivotal role of plant layout design in industrial settings for a manufacturing line that consists of 16 sub-assembly lines, explores the drawbacks associated with conventional methods, and advocates for the adoption of a scientific, data-driven approach, precisely, Systematic Layout Planning (SLP), to overcome these challenges and propel manufacturing into a more efficient and adaptable future.

A Hybrid Framework for Multi-Objective Construction Site Layout Optimization

Effective Construction Site Layout Planning (CSLP) ensures the organized placement and sizing of temporary facilities, enhancing workflow and logistical efficiency. Poorly planned layouts, however, can increase material handling times, create bottlenecks, and reduce productivity, ultimately leading to higher costs. The main objective of this study is to introduce a BIM-based hybrid framework for CSLP that integrates Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) with a Genetic Algorithm (GA), developed through a Design Science Research approach. This Construction Site Optimization Framework (CSOF) addresses CSLP as a multi-objective optimization problem, prioritizing efficient positioning of facilities while accounting for workflow intensity, safety, and manager preferences. The framework’s continuous-space modeling supports a realistic approach, moving beyond fixed-location models. Exploratory case studies demonstrated CSOF’s effectiveness, achieving 30.79% to 40.98% reductions in non-value-adding travel distances and adaptability across varied site conditions. In this way, this research provides a decision-support tool that balances automation with decision-maker input, enhancing layout efficiency and operational flexibility in construction site management.

Multifunctional Thermal Imaging Complex for Medical Diagnostics

Introduction. Recent developments in the field of thermal imaging technology and the accumulated experience in instrumental analysis of thermal processes in the patient’s body indicate the prospects of developing new medical thermal imaging systems (thermal imagers).Aim. Creation of a low-budget domestic thermal imaging system for medical diagnostics with expanded functionality.Materials and methods. The distribution of temperature over the surface of the human body depends on its internal state and external environment. For each person, this distribution has its own physiological characteristics, the study and interpretation of which can be significant for diagnosing specific pathologies or assessing the general (psychophysical) state of the patient. Analysis of temperature fields on the surface of the human body makes it possible to diagnose various pathological processes manifested in the form of local temperature changes in individual areas. The proposed method for thermal diagnostics involves measuring the temperature at each point of such an area simultaneously (statically) or over a period of time (dynamically). In comparison with conventional approaches, two thermal imaging sensors are used for this purpose. These include a small-sized matrix (thus being low cost) and a point sensor. Such a combination of sensors provides for the necessary discretization of the temperature field image of sufficiently large areas of the surface of the human body, when shooting from a distance significantly reduced compared to the conventional approach.Results. A conceptual electrical circuit and a layout of a modern thermal imaging system are developed. The advantages of the proposed thermal imager over similar devices are assessed. A method for recording and analyzing temperature in a certain point and temperature fields of both separate areas and large areas on the surface of the human body is proposed and tested.Conclusion. The conducted testing of a material model of the proposed thermal imaging system using the facilities of large medical institutions in St. Petersburg showed its wide functionality along with simplicity and convenience.

A Design and Safety Analysis of the “Electricity-Hydrogen-Ammonia” Energy Storage System: A Case Study of Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant

With the development of modernization, traditional fossil energy reserves are decreasing, and the power industry, as one of the main energy consumption forces, has begun to pay attention to increasing the proportion of clean energy generation. With the deepening of electrification, the peak-valley difference of residential electricity consumption increases, but photovoltaic and wind power generation have fluctuations and are manifested as reverse peak regulation. Thermal power plants as the main force of peak regulation gradually reduce the market share, making nuclear power plants bear the heavy responsibility of participating in peak regulation. The traditional method of adjusting operating power by inserting and removing control rods has great safety risks and wastes resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a new energy storage system that can keep the nuclear power plant running at full power and produce hydrogen to synthesize ammonia from excess power. A comprehensive evaluation model of energy storage based on z-score data standardization and objective parameter assignment AHP (analytic hierarchy process) analysis method was established to evaluate energy storage systems according to a multi-index system. With an AP1000 daily load tracking curve as the input model, the simulation model built by Aspen Plus V14 was used to calculate the operating conditions of the system. In order to provide a construction basis for practical engineering use, Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant in Shandong Province is taken as an example. The system layout scheme is proposed according to the local environmental conditions. The accident tree analysis method is combined with ALOHA 5.4.1.2 (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) hazardous chemical analysis software and MARPLOT 5.1.1 geographic information technology. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of risk factors and the consequences of leakage, fire, and explosion accidents caused by hydrogen and ammonia storage processes is carried out to provide guidance for accident prevention and emergency rescue. The design of an “Electric-Hydrogen-Ammonia” energy storage system proposed in this paper provides a new idea for zero-carbon energy storage for the peak shaving of nuclear power plants and has a certain role in promoting the development of clean energy.

Configurational Design of a Hybrid System Based on an Air–Water Heat Pump and Biomass Boiler for a Rural Dwelling

Hybrid energy systems combine multiple energy sources and storage technologies to enhance performance and meet diverse energy needs. Hybrid heat pump systems are particularly suitable for heating and cooling buildings in rural areas. Air-source heat pumps have two well-known disadvantages during the coldest period of the year, when the building’s heating load is at its peak: the heat pump’s capacity is reduced and it needs to perform defrost cycles. A potential solution is to size the heat pump to cover only a portion of the peak load and to use a second heat generator in a hybrid heat pump system. There is a gap in the literature regarding the configurational analysis of hybrid heat pump (HHP) systems, particularly in terms of combining heat pumps and biomass boilers, and evaluating their efficiency, economic aspects, and environmental impact. Thus, in this research, a dynamic model of a HHP system, consisting of an air-to-water heat pump paired with a biomass boiler as a backup, is presented. Various configurations of the HHP system have been developed to evaluate key performance indicators, such as efficiency, emissions, operational costs, and other relevant factors. The findings of this paper indicate that the energy performance of HHP systems is significantly affected by the system layout, heat pump size, cut-off temperature, and the control algorithm used to activate the heat generators. Moreover, series operation of HHP systems is not only more efficient than parallel operation but also results in lower emissions and reduced operation costs. As expected, the energy loss associated with defrost cycles significantly impacts the overall performance of a hybrid system based on an air-source heat pump. Finally, the impact of the cut-off temperature on the key parameters in the configuration analysis was examined, and the optimal performance of the HHP system, in terms of minimizing operational costs and emissions, was depicted using a heat map diagram.

Transient Analysis of Flow Unsteadiness And Machine Instabilities In a Centrifugal Compressor at Surge and Second Quadrant Operation

Abstract Instabilities in turbomachinery operation originate from intrinsic flow unsteadiness, sudden variations of operating conditions, and interactions with the surrounding system, affecting both system stability and machine reliability. The flow unsteadiness, presenting a characteristic behaviour, requires a deep understanding of the underlying flow fundamentals, a careful analysis using advanced experimental methods and a clear distinction on how the system might lead to instabilities. The identified approach addresses deep surge and second quadrant characterization. The analysis presented here benefits from the responsiveness and flexibility of the experimental test rig, fine tuning of the system layout, the instrumentation installation, and the transient tests procedure. The main focus area is the time-frequency analysis of flow and pressure signals at transients, thus providing a proper reconstruction of flow mechanisms and instability evolution. Valuable techniques include: short-time fast Fourier transform, wavelet analysis, and Wigner-Ville distribution; coherence between flow and pressure, to trace waves propagation, is considered too. These, presented outlining their strengths and weaknesses, are evaluated considering real time field applicability with regards to computational resources too. The experimental campaigns and data processing are presented, with a test matrix covering a wide range of parameters, including system layout and surge volume size, rotational speeds, flow rates ranging from nominal point to full second quadrant operation. These data are vital for system modeling validation for a full compressor-system digital twin. Results indicate the importance of ensuring reliable data acquisition and analysis, with adequate instrumentation range, accuracy, synchronization, responsiveness and positioning.

Predicting Subsurface Drainage Requirement for Different Soil Desalinization Goals in Coastal Reclamation Areas

ABSTRACTBuilding subsurface drainage systems for more efficient salt leaching with the natural rainfall or artificial irrigation is a widely accepted practice for saline soils reclamation, but the high initial cost of the system construction often limits its adoption, and the uncertainty in drainage intensity requirement to meet desired desalinization goals for field crop production challenges the system design. In this paper, we proposed a soil desalinization model based on the field hydrology model‐DRAINMOD, predicted number of years required to lower soil salinity to a threshold level under different subsurface drainage conditions, and estimated the net return from different subsurface drainage system layout based on a case study in a coastal reclamation area in eastern China. The results showed that, DRAINMOD accurately predicted water table fluctuations in artificially drained fields: the root mean square error to standard deviation ratio (RSR) was 0.4 and 0.54, and the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was 0.84 and 0.68, respectively, during the model calibration and validation periods. The DRAINMOD based soil desalinization model predicted a negative relationship between subsurface drainage intensity and the soil desalinization period, that is, improving drainage condition shortened the time requirement for soil desalinization. For the study area, the model's predictions showed that installing subsurface drainage at 20 m spacing and 1.2 m deep lowered soil salinity to the slightly saline level in less than 7 years under the rainfall leaching only, and such system layout produced the maximum economic return based on the local agricultural practice. The results indicate that, early investment in adequate subsurface drainage systems is beneficial for field crop production in the salt impacted farmland areas. Findings from this research may provide technical references for saline soil reclamation or land improvement in both rain fed and irrigated agricultural areas.

Design of a Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography system for a large Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell with aspect ratio [formula omitted]

Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography (CIFT) is a flow measurement technique that is able to reconstruct the time-dependent three-dimensional velocity field in electrically conducting fluids, e.g., liquid metals, from magnetic field measurements. The paper describes the design of a specific CIFT measurement set-up for flow studies in liquid metal Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) in a large cylinder of aspect ratio (diameter/height) of Γ=0.5 filled with the ternary alloy GaInSn as model fluid. An optimized configuration for the CIFT excitation system and magnetic field sensor layout under consideration of the specific requirements for the application in turbulent RBC is determined by numerical simulations. The new experimental CIFT-RBC system resulting from the design process is constructed and a preliminary experiment at a Rayleigh number of Ra=2.13×107 and a Prandtl number of Pr=0.03 is performed and evaluated.

The practical implementations of axes in the design of a systematic office layout

AbstractIn the ever-changing realm of the contemporary workplace, adaptability and flexibility have emerged as crucial attributes for office buildings. The method of axes system design, in conjunction with modular structures, fosters a workspace that can seamlessly adapt to the evolving needs of offices. This system embodies a comprehensive approach to office design, emphasizing the integration of four important principles: modularity, adaptability, interconnectedness, and flexibility. The modular nature of the structural axes design allows for swift and cost-effective adjustments, facilitating customer needs. The dynamism of this system ensures that office spaces are in a perpetual state of evolution, reflecting the changing dynamics of the contemporary workplace as to be shown in this paper.

Performance Evaluation for the Expansion of Multi-Level Rail Transit Network in Xi’an Metropolitan Area: Empirical Analysis on Accessibility and Resilience

As the main form of new urbanization, the coordinated development of cities in metropolitan areas requires reliable and efficient rail transit skeleton support. However, in the rapid development of metropolitan areas, the layout and analysis of multi-level rail transit systems have a certain lag. Taking the Xi’an metropolitan area as an example, this study analyzes the comprehensive accessibility and resilience of the multi-level rail transit network, and proposes an expansion plan accordingly. The traffic analysis zone (TAZ) is divided by towns and streets, and the relationship between points of interest (POIs) and the regional average level is analyzed using DEA. The improved weighted average travel time model is built with the analysis results as regional weights; a site selection model based on multiple construction influencing factors is proposed, and four expansion plans, namely, economic optimal, environmental optimal, transport optimal, and integrated optimal, are designed. The peak passenger flow scenario and the “failure–reparation” scenario during the entire operation period are designed to analyze the resilience of four plans, and the resilience is quantified by the elasticity curve of the maximum connected subgraph ratio (MCSR) changing over time. The research results show that the transport optimal plan has the best comprehensive accessibility and resilience, reducing travel costs in Houzhenzi Town, which has the worst accessibility, by 34%. The expansion model and evaluation method in this study can provide an empirical example for the development of other metropolitan areas and provide a reasonable benchmark and guidance for the development of multi-level rail transit networks in future urban areas.

A review of the application development and key technologies of rotary engines under the background of carbon neutrality

Rotary engines possess advantages such as light weight, high power density, and strong fuel adaptability, which are essential for powertrain systems. They hold great potential in the field of power machinery. However, the development of rotary engines has been constrained by increasingly stringent emission regulations. Despite this, numerous scholars and institutions continue to optimize rotary engines, leading to a proliferation of related research. It is necessary to synthesize these findings to guide future promotion and application efforts. This review examines the current applications and development status of rotary engines globally. It summarizes the development of key technologies such as sealing techniques, rotor configurations, and ignition devices, which have achieved lower energy consumption and emissions. The suitability of rotary engines for automotive and unmanned aerial vehicle applications has also been reported. To further reduce carbon emissions, researchers have explored zero-carbon fuel rotary engines. Hydrogen-fueled rotary engines have demonstrated higher combustion efficiency. By integrating EGR, load control strategies, and ignition system layouts, they have addressed issues such as NOx emissions, knock, and leakage. The development of ammonia-hydrogen hybrid fuels is also a potential effective solution. Continuous innovative research indicates that, with their inherent advantages and the integration of alternative fuels and advanced ignition technologies, rotary engines have the potential to meet future energy and environmental requirements. This positions them as strong contenders in future diversified power systems.

Optimal Layout of Modular Systems by Geometric Perturbations

In this study, we investigate the potential of integrating geometric perturbations into the design process to optimise modular systems such as floor coverings, façade claddings, and masonry walls. By allowing small geometry adjustments of the initial design, we achieve significant reductions in material waste or labour requirements, leading to cost-saving and environmental benefits without compromising the design concept. We compared our approach to traditional methods, where the layout of the modular system is determined after the geometry of the design is finalised. To illustrate our method, we present case studies for two- and three-dimensional modular designs.

Systematic Layout Planning and Analytical Hierarchy Process for Laboratory Layout Optimization: A Case Study of DESPRIN

The Product Design and Innovation Laboratory (DESPRIN) at Del Institute of Technology plays a crucial role in supporting innovation. Yet, its current layout struggles to meet its users' diverse and evolving needs. This study addresses the problem of inadequate spatial configuration, which hampers workflow efficiency, ergonomics, and the lab's overall capacity to accommodate various activities. To resolve this issue, a flexible layout is designed using the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method, emphasizing optimizing space utilization, workflow, and spatial adaptability. Data collected from literature reviews, interviews, statistical analyses, and anthropometric measurements inform the design process to enhance the lab’s quality and spatial efficiency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to prioritize key layout design factors, identifying capacity as the most critical element (0.4930), followed by facilities (0.1688), accessibility (0.1414), security (0.1270), and environment (0.0708). The study results in 13 new layout configurations that can accommodate various activities within DESPRIN, providing a more dynamic and responsive user environment.

Research on irregular sponge layout system based on heuristic algorithms

Abstract A layout optimization method that integrates No-Fit Polygons (NFP) positioning and a genetic algorithm is proposed for the two-dimensional irregular sponge packing problem. Firstly, according to the geometric characteristics of the parts, they are classified and encoded to calculate the NFP between part classes, avoiding redundant NFP calculations. Simultaneously, heuristic rules aimed at minimizing the packing height are introduced to provide a comprehensive evaluation function for part positioning strategies, thus improving packing efficiency. Secondly, in the optimization of part sorting, a genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the sponge packing algorithm. Finally, several standard cases provided by the European Special Interest Group on Cutting and Packing (ESICUP) are used to test the proposed packing method. The results show that compared to the traditional Bottom-Left algorithm, the computational efficiency of the proposed packing method is improved by 4.20% to 22.73%.

Rancangan Tata Letak Fasilitas Untuk Meminimalkan Jarak Material Handling (Studi Kasus CV. Dholpin Industries)

Dholpin Industries is a manufacturing company that produces furniture. This research aims to improve and create a new layout design for CV. Dholpin Industries, which considers the optimal material handling movement distance, creates alternative layout designs and compares distances from the initial and proposed layouts. This research uses the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method, Blocplan Software, and the Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) algorithm. The results of calculating the material handling movement distance in the initial layout were 193,116 m; in the proposed layout using the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method, it was 168,278 m; in the Blocplan Software, it was 139,348 m; and in the Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) Algorithm it was 130,240 m. Then, the most optimal namely using the Computerized Relationship Layout Planning (CORELAP) Algorithm method with distance saving 62.876 m.

STUDI TATA LETAK KETERANGAN (LABEL) DISPLAY PAMERAN DI MUSEUM TEKSTIL JAKARTA

The Indonesian Textile Museum is one of the museums in Jakarta that stores thousands of collections of Nusantara wastra. The Textile Museum functions as a place to preserve, store, exhibit, and publicize wastra or ancient fabrics from various regions, and become a means of education for visitors to get to know traditional Indonesian fabrics. In order for information about traditional fabrics in the Textile Museum to be conveyed well to visitors, one of the factors that play an important role is the layout of the museum display information (label). Labels on exhibition displays have an important role because they become a bridge of communication between the products on display and the visitors who see. Therefore, the layout of the display information must be taken seriously, by applying ergonomics, anthropometry, and typography factors. This study aims to determine the label layout system on displays at the Textile Museum, associated with the application of ergonomics, anthropometry, and typography factors. The method used is descriptive qualitative with ergonomics and anthropometry approach to analyze the display label layout system. The results showed that the position of the product description label had not fully applied ergonomic and anthropometric factors, as well as the selection of fonts and sizes that caused the product description to be less legible.