Layer Of Tunica Muscularis Research Articles

Uterotubal junction of the bovine (Bos taurus) versus the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius): Histology and histomorphometry.

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the uterotubal junction in two distinct mammalian species, the bovine (Bos taurus) and the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), focusing on histological and histomorphometric parameters. Uterotubal junction (UTJ) was dissected from 8 cows and 12 camels with dominant follicles, and processed for H&E staining for histology, and histomorphometry examination. The results showed that the camel uterotubal junction papillae (UTJP) existed only in camels and was completely absent in cattle. Histologically, the cow UTJ appears with a star-shaped lumen, and the mucosa is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Superficial (SG) and deep glands (DG) were abundant in the submucosa. Camel UTJP is a conical structure, it has a pale yellowish colour, 0.5 ± 0.2 cm height, and 0.3 ± 0.1 cm width, and it has a distinct sphincter at the tip towards the uterine lumen. In the camel UTJP, the lumen is wider, and the mucosa showed large multiple folds lined with ciliated and non-ciliated cells in a pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The submucosa showed no mucosal glands. Lumen area, lumen epithelial height, luminal epithelial density, the thickness of the muscular layer, number of folds, fold height, epithelial height, fold area and epithelial perimeter were higher in camel UTJP (p < .001) than cow UTJ, while the total endosalpinx area and glandular epithelial density were lower in camel UTJP (p < .001) than in cow UTJ. In conclusion, this study elucidates potential variations in the uterotubal junction between bovines and dromedary camels, providing valuable insights into their reproductive adaptations. The epithelial lining, absence of glands and the thick layer of tunica muscularis might indicate that camel UTJP could play a mechanical role in selecting spermatozoa and assisting the hatching of blastocysts during their passage into the uterus.

Comparative Anatomical and Histological study of gall bladder in Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Broiler fowl (Gallus gallus )

The current study was investigated anatomical and histological description of gall bladder of two specious which different in nutrition and life habitat Mallard (Anas platyrhnchos) aquatic life bird, and broiler fowl (Gallus gallus) wild life bird ,used ten bird of each specious ,anatomical result founded the gall bladder is located at the visceral surface right lobe of liver at right side of abdominal cavity, and composed of three parts head, neck and body, gall bladder in both specious appeared with dark green color. Gall bladder of mallard has balloon shape more elongated organ while in Gallus gallus is pear shape, the mean weight of gall bladder in mallard (1.91±0.56 g) , length (3.07±0.505 cm) and width (3.07±0.5 cm ) while broiler fowl weight of gall bladder (8.24±2.88 g), length (3.31±0.8 cm)and width (3.56±1.32 cm ) .Histologically; Gall bladder in mallard has three main layers: tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia ,tunica mucosa which lined by simple columnar epithelium non-ciliated with goblet cells and the lamina propria-submucosa composed of loos connective tissue , tunica muscularis was a thick layer of muscles (smooth muscles) and adventitia made of loos connective tissue , while gall bladder of Gallus gallus domesticus has three layer; tunica mucosa, lamina propria -submucosa, tunica muscularis and adventitia , tunica mucosa which lined by simple columnar epithelia non- ciliated without goblet cells , with present lamina propria -submucosa fused with lamina propria ,and thin layer of tunica muscularis and adventitia made of loos connective tissue .

Ultrasonographic and pathological findings of grade III cervico vaginal prolapse in a pregnant buffalo

The present study records ultrasonographic (USG) and pathological findings of grade III cervico vaginal prolapse in a buffalo. There was a rare involvement of urinary bladder and intestines in the prolapsed mass. Urinary bladder appeared as anechoic region surrounded by hyperechoic circumferential, whereas intestines appeared as brief hypoechoic area in USG. Intriguingly, the histopathological investigation correspondingly showed marked discontinuation of uterine musculature especially of inner circular layer of tunica muscularis. Hyaline degeneration characterized by swollen and eosinophilic fibres and early necrobiotic changes characterized by few mononuclear cells infilteration.

Idiopathic Fibrosis of the Tunica Muscularis of the Large Intestine in Five Horses with Colic

Histological evidence of fibrosis affecting the outer layer of the large intestinal tunica muscularis was identified in five of 32 horses affected by colic. In three cases, foci of pale eosinophilia and vacuolation of myocytes were observed. These findings are suggestive of a degenerative and fibrotic abnormality in the outer layer of the tunica muscularis of the large intestinal smooth muscle of some horses with colic.

Caecal Development in Kuttanad Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos Domesticus)

Caecum, the largest part of duck's intestine has an important role in liquid absorption, cellulose digestion and defensive mechanism. Age related changes in the histomorphology of the caeca in Kuttanad ducks were studied in 72 birds from day-old to adult at fortnight intervals. After recording the biometry and gross features, the material was fixed in neutral buffered formalin and standard procedures were adopted for histological and histochemical studies. The paired caeca extended cranially from the ileo-colic junction. Each caecum showed three regions, viz., the base, middle part and an apex. The apical portion was caudally directed and free. In day-old birds, the caecum had a uniform diameter .The adult length was attained by eight weeks of age. Histologically, ileo-caecal-colic junction showed a papilla-like protrusion made up of circular smooth muscle layer. Large nerve bundles were found in the inner circular layer of tunica muscularis in this region. Mucosa of the caecum carried tooth shaped villi, which were more prominent and longer in the basal part. Their height reduced towards the middle portion and again increased in the apex in the non-distended caecum. In day- old birds, histological picture was same as in the adult except in that there was no lymphatic tissue in the lamina propria. Lamina epithelialis was formed of simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells, the number of which decreased towards apex. Lymphatic tissue decreased towards the apex. Lamina propria was separated from the submucosa by a thin muscularis mucos. At the basal region, tunica muscularis was extremely thick forming the caecal sphincter.

On Innervation of Second and Third Stomachs in Goat

In the reticular stomach, abreast with the good development of the tunica muscularis, the AUERBACH's plexus is better developed than in the rumen and contains many ganglia in it. The ganglion cells therein consist in nearly the same nnmber of DOGIEL's Type I and Type II cells which are often aggregated into respectively different groups. Besides there are very small-sized ganglion cells always aggregated in groups, but smaller in number than in the rumen.The incoming nerve fibres originating in the vagus and the sympathicus run through the outer layer of tunica muscularis, come into close relation with the AUERBACH's plexus, then spread out into the inner and the outer muscle layers together with nerve fibres from the ganglion cells in this plexus and a part of them go further into the submucosa to partake in the formation of the MEISSNER's plexus there. The MEISSNER's plexus is poor in development, scarcely any ganglion cells being found in it. This is probably due to the absence of mucous glands in the submucosa and the very poor development of the muscularis mucosae.In the psalterium, the development of the AUERBACH's plexus is good in proportion to the good development of the tunica muscularis, but is not so good as in the reticular stomach, for the muscularis is thihner in the former. Consequently, the ganglia are smaller here both in number and in size. The ganglion cells comprise small-sized cells besides large DOGIEL's Type I and Type II cells.The distribution of the vegetative fibres coming out of the AUERBACH's plexus in the psalterium is similar to that in the reticular stomach. The MEISSNER's plexus is better developed than in the reticular stomach, as the mnscularis mucosae is better developed, but no ganglion cells were found in it here either.In the second as well as the third forestomachs, the terminations of the vegetative fibres always form STOHR's terminal reticula, as in the rumen. Typical terminal reticula are found in the tunica muscularis and the the muscularis mucosae, but in the arterial walls too, originating in the periarterial plexus.A small number of myelinated sensory fibres originating in the vagus were found both in the reticular stomach and in the psalterium, but we regret we could not elucidate their terminal mode.