Lawsone can suppress liver fibrosis by inhibition of YAP signaling and induction of CYGB expression in hepatic stellate cells.

The incidence of fungal infections is significantly rising, posing a challenge due to the limited class of antifungal drugs. There is a necessity to combat emerging resistant fungal infections by developing novel antifungal agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effects of lawsone (LAW), a natural component extracted from herbal medicine, and LAW-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LAW-MSNs) on growth, biofilm formation, and expression of ALS1 and EPA1 genes contributing to cell adhesion of Candida spp. Twenty C. albicans and twenty C. glabrata isolates, including ten fluconazole-resistant and ten fluconazole-susceptible isolates, were examined. The findings of the study indicated that LAW and LAW-MSNs inhibited Candida isolates growth at MIC range of 0.31–>5 µg/mL and significantly reduced biofilm formation in C. albicans and C. glabrata. Moreover, both LAW and LAW-MSNs downregulated the expression of the adhesion genes ALS1 and EPA1 in C. albicans and C. glabrata. Based on the obtained findings, LAW emerged as a promising antifungal candidate. However, the nano-formulation (LAW-MSNs) improved its antifungal properties.

Preserving art can always be associated with spiritual aspect andart appreciation is closely related to subtlety of feeling and intuition. Art can also be used as a means of learning culture (enculturation), a social process carried out by an individual in learning and adjusting his/her thought and attitude to custom, norm-related social system, social order, and regulations living in its cultural characteristics. This research will discuss Sholawat Montro art variety using a qualitativeresearch method. This Sholawat Montro art was found firstly in Kauman Hamlet, Pleret Sub District, created by Kanjeng Pangeran Yudhonegoro (Prince Yudhonegoro) or the Son in Law of Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII. This art contains a group of performer and music players, all of which are men who sing songs praising Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad SAW by means of singing (Javanese: nembang), accompanied by gamelan and terbangan traditional music. This prophetic art arises as a means of enculturation and a process of social learning for its proponents. In Javanese conception, there is a fine-rough pair (Indonesian: pasangan alus-kasar) traditionally constituting a parameter to assess the quality of Javanese people in general and priyayi in particular. The consciousness of the importance of having fine (alus) attitude is represented by the reality that immature childrenare called durung Jawa, meaning having not reflected Javanese people yet. To be an adult Javanese, an individual should be able to conduct him/herself in accordance with etiquette and to comply with his/her obligation. He/she is also expected to learn spiritual aspect by knowing the rules.

The present study highlighted enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of curcumin (CUR) co-loaded lawsone (LS) through a solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)-based delivery system. The cetyl palmitate (CP), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), and probe sonication time (PS) were considered as independent variables whereas particle size and % entrapment efficiency (EE) were selected as dependent variables. The CUR-LS-SLN was developed by hot emulsification followed by probe sonication. A 23 factorial design was utilized in formulation development using JMP software version 17. Notably, the particle size and %EE of all the formulations were about 500 nm and greater than 75%, respectively. The zeta potential value was found to be -46.8 mV. From leverage plots significant and sensitive factors on particle size and %EE were identified. Contour plots led to the identification of an optimized formula whereby maintaining CP at 100 mg, PEG 400 at 6 mL, and PS at 10 min the desired particle size and %EE was achieved. TEM studies indicated the spherical shape of the particles. MTT assays of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells showed enhanced efficacy and greater cell inhibition of CUR-LS-SLN and combining both drugs using nanocarriers gave superior inhibition as compared with using either of the drugs evident from IC50 values of 3.7, 9.4, and 2.5 μM, respectively, for CUR, LS, and CUR-LS-SLN. The cells in the combination mostly had irregular cell walls and cell shrinkage was noted and greater cell reduction was also seen. It was found that the enhanced cytotoxicity effect of MCF-7 cells on the developed formulation was attributed to the drug's synergistic actions, more efficient nanocarrier internalizations, and sustained drug release from the formulation. Stability studies indicated that the optimized SLN was stable for 6 months.

Targeted Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticles can play an important role in the treatment of cancer by increasing cancer cell targeting. This study was conducted to synthesize GO nanoparticles functionalized with chitosan-folate (CS-FA) to deliver a natural product Lawsone (LA) for cancer treatment. After characterization of the LA-GO-CS-FA, antioxidant activities of the nanoparticles were investigated by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP tests. CAM assay was used to study the effect of nanoparticles on angiogenesis. The expression level of inflammatory and angiogenic genes in cells treated with nanoparticles was evaluated by real-time PCR. The findings demonstrated the formation of nanoparticles with a size of 113.3nm, a PDI of 0.31, and a surface charge of + 11.07mV. The percentages of encapsulation efficiency were reported at 93%. Gastric cancer cells were reported as the most sensitive to treatment compared to the control, and the gastric cancer cells were used to study gene expression changes. The anti-angiogenic effects of nanoparticles were confirmed by reducing the average number and length of blood vessels and reducing the height and weight of embryos in the CAM assay. The reducing the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis in real-time PCR was demonstrated. Nanoparticles displayed high antioxidant properties by inhibiting DPPH and ABTS radicals and reducing iron ions in the FRAP method. The reduction of pro-inflammatory genes in AGS cells which were treated with nanoparticles indicates the anti-inflammatory properties of nanoparticles. This study showed the efficacy of nanoparticles in inhibiting gastric cancer cells by relying on inhibiting angiogenesis.

Given the higher volumetric capacity of Zn (5853 mAh cm−3), aqueous zinc-ion batteries can be considered as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage applications. Here we focus on redox-active, non-toxic, and eco-friendly organic materials with quinone moiety, i.e., Lawsone (LS) and its dimer Bis-lawsone (BL), as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries. The reversibility of LS and BL is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry between 0.3 and 1.6 V in zinc sulfate and zinc triflate electrolytes. The electrochemical performance of BL in the zinc triflate electrolyte is improved by the reduction in the solubility of BL in the electrolyte and improvement in Zn2+ diffusion in the BL matrix. Besides, it is known that Zn electrodes passivate better in zinc triflates, which contributes to improved plating/stripping of Zn. The dimerization strategy counteracts solubility and facilitates the diffusion of Zn2+, resulting in a stable charge–discharge with a specific capacity of 200 mAh g–1. The cell attained 77% of the theoretical capacity at a current density of 100 mA g–1. Zn-BL cells show fast kinetics and reversibility for up to 760 cycles retaining 85% of initial capacity despite the partial solubility of BL in electrolytes. In addition, the Nafion-212 membrane is introduced as a separator instead of a traditional glass fiber separator. The negatively charged backbone of Nafion helps eliminate the crossover problem by coulostatic repulsion with negatively charged BL and LS.

Research objectives: To identify representatives of the Mongolian ruling elite of the 13th century whose names are mentioned in the “History of the Mongols” by the Papal legate, Franciscan John (Giovanni) de Plano Carpini, as well as several historical realities of the epoch of the Mongol conquests. Research materials: The Wolfenbüttel copy of the “History of the Mongols” and its new Russian translation, Persian Arabic and Russian chronicles, Mongolian medieval writings of the 13th–17th century, historiographical literature on the Mongol Empire of the first half of the 13th century. Results and novelty of the research: Based on the comparison of information from various sources, different proposals for the identification of some characters appearing in the “History of the Mongols” by Plano Carpini have been offered. Identification of names is complicated by the abundance of their discrepancies in various editions and handwritten versions of the work under study. The basis for the present analysis was the second, lengthy edition of Plano Carpini’s work, existing in two copies that independently go back to the common protograph – the Wolfenbüttel (the 14th century) and the Cambridge (the 13th century). This article suggests the identification of the Mongol governors in the southern Russian steppes, Mautsi and Karbon, with Noyon Mugedu and an anonymous Gurgan (i.e., Batu’s son–in-law) respectively; Batu’s court dignitary Eldegai can be associated with Eldeke from the Juryat tribe. Assumptions are also made regarding the discovery of prototypes of the Mongol military commander and governor Korentsa (Kuremsa), the Khorezm ruler Altisoldan, and the town Summerkent of the “Saxes” (Saxins) people.

One-pot three components effective methods are reported for the synthesis of two important families of organic compounds, 2H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-diones substituted 5-(3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonyl) and 1H-benzo[f]indole-4,9-diones substituted 3-(3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonyl), by employment of new starting materials. The formers were prepared via the one-pot condensation reaction between phenylglyoxal, 2-hydroxynaphtoquinone and 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and the later through the reaction of phenylglyoxal, 2-hydroxy naphthoquinone and 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. The reaction medium for the synthesis of both procedures was acetic acid/water (1:1; v/v) at 100 °C, and various derivatives of these compounds were obtained with high-efficiency and identified by their IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. In spite of their apparent planar structures, the NMR spectra of some products shown asymmetric properties of CH2 protons or existence of two diastereomers due to restriction of Chydroxyquinoline˗Cpyrrol bonds, together with formation of relatively stable nonplanar eight membered ring resulted from hydrogen bond formation between hydroxynapthoquinone’s OH and carbonyl groups of uracil motifs.

Princess Brnča, daughter of king Uroš the First and his second wife Helen Comnen Courtne Anjou(from his previous marriage he had a son, Stefan), whose existence was unknown to historical sources, can be only noticed on portrait in frescos of lineage of dinasty of Stefan Nemanja in monasteries of Gračanica, Dečani and Patriarchate of Peć. Although she is nowhere presented as a nun, there is presumption that she became a nun and that she was buried in the Monastery of Gradac, which is the foundation of her mother Helen Of Anjou. Hungarian sources testifiy that King Uroš The First had a son in law, whose name was unknown to history (the son of Serbian great penitentiary), and Josif Tronožac claimed that the king had two daughters. There is a fact that Brnča was married to a certain mayor Đorđe, as well as the presumption that she was born around 1253. Newly discovered signature on the gravestone found in church of St. George, belonging to deserted and vanished, monastery Kastaljani, on the slopes of Kosmaj mountin, near Mladenovac, serves as a testemony that this church was built by King Milutin in 1303, and that Brnča was buried there in 1306. This fact serves to reject completely all assumptions that are without any physical evidence that princess Brnca was a nun and that she was buried in the monastery of Gradac. Knowing this, it can be concluded that the church of St. George was built on the land that belonged to Princess Brnča and her husband, Mayor Đorđe, in the state of her brother, The king of Srem, Dragutin. The church must have stareted being built before war conflicts between brothers, kings Milutin and Dragutin, around 1303 and 1304, and the other daughter of King Uroš The First, whose name remains unknown, is buried in the monastery of Gradac with her mother, Helen of Anjou.

Background: Depression is a common and major public health problem among geriatric people, but it is not a normal part of aging. It is not just a low mood or feeling sad, but a serious condition that needs treatment and has serious effects on physical as well as mental health. It is one of the hidden problems of the geriatric people.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 elderly people from Kaski district of Nepal using geriatric depression scale to assess the level of depression. Wards of metropolitan was randomly selected and represented as urban area and ward of rural municipality were randomly selected and considered as rural areas. Data were collected by face-to-face interview among geriatric people. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.16 version. The appropriate statistical tests were applied based on the nature of the data, setting the level of significance at p<0.05.Results: Out of total 196 study participants 101 were from urban area and 95 from rural area. The overall prevalence of depression was 55.1%. In this study geriatric depression was significantly associated with: spouse status, living arrangement, satisfaction with living condition, family support, family care, abuse, relationship with son, relationship with daughter in law, work, discrimination, social isolation and loneliness and health problems.Conclusions: More than half of the elderly population had developed depressive symptoms. Immediate addressing of geriatric depression by providing health services, counseling and harmonious relationship among geriatric people and family members especially their son and daughter in law should be created by providing social support and counseling to family members.

Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and anti-proliferative properties of Lawsone-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

Mother-in-law (MIL) and daughter-in-law (DIL) relationship is frequently studied due to its turbulent nature. Conflict with mother-in-law also contributes to poorer marital satisfaction. However, few researchers have included son-in-law (SIL) in their studies and neglected how this relationship contributes to couples’ marital satisfaction. This study included son-in-law and investigated the relationships between couples’ positive and negative interactions with mother-in-law and their relationships with marital satisfaction. A total of 197 Malaysian Chinese dual-earners (110 males and 87 females) reported on the following scales: positive and negative interactions with mother-in-law, and marital satisfaction. Gender differences are compared between mother-in-law/daughter-in-law relationship and mother-in-law/son-in-law relationship. These variables were tested via four hypotheses, the relationship between positive interactions with mother-in-law and marital satisfaction, the relationship between negative interactions with mother-in-law and marital satisfaction, and gender differences in the associations tested. Gender differences were found in negative interactions with mothers-in-law and their associations with marital satisfaction. The results were discussed in regards to the importance of the inclusion of son-in-law in examining in-law relationships and marital satisfaction.

Synthesis and characterization of lawsone incorporated singlet oxygen generating conjugated polymers: Experimental and computational studies

Antimicrobial Activity and Isolation of Lawsone from Lawsonia inermis using Column Chromatography

Abstract Body size is a profound ground of inequality in modern global society. Moreover, constructions of body size are racially polarized, with blacks being reputed for venerating large body. Proceeding with a triangulation of qualitative methods, this phenomenological study featured forty-two in-depth interviews, eight focus group discussions and eighteen key informant interviews among men and women of varying body sizes in two of the six states of southwestern Nigeria. Findings reflect dominantly neutral meaning of body size among the Yorùbá. This neutrality is dominantly reflected in the literal questioning of meaning that Yorùbá attach to body size, and who becomes a king in Yorùbá land but partially neutral in acceptability of prospective son or daughter in-law. Divinity, orí (fate), ìwà (good behavior) and ọmọlúàbí (good person) are among phenomena that counts in discerning people’s worth. Meaning attached to body size is opposed to common-place attitude to body size, making this attitude to be profane while meaning is solemn. This meaning is tremendously in favour of optimum health, and attenuating inequality, for which even black societies are perpetrating in the globalized world. Traditional Yorùbá value of human person is irrespective of body size.

Aesthetics and the Archive:The Poetry of Mizuta Noriko Jordan A. Y. Smith (bio) Quick testimony: within minutes of meeting Mizuta Noriko for the first time, my life changed radically and permanently, although I did not quite know it at that moment. However, this is not my story, but hers—the story of a poet who changes lives, one encounter at a time. Translating her work over the years, I feel fortunate to have worked with texts that leave indelible impressions—yet ones that somehow transform and evolve each time I reread them. As a literary scholar, Mizuta also has her own interpretations of these works. Some of them cast a certain light through these translations, and some of them she has withheld, leaving margin for whatever light these translations will cast of their own, as it were. Reading her poetry alongside her scholarship, one can see how intimately literary expression and scholarly explorations of the world can benefit from tandem efforts. If Mizuta's scholarly endeavors have contributed to our understanding of American and Japanese literature, the personal and familial experience of transnationalism, of feminism as an aesthetics, an experience, and a politics, then we can learn equally through the poems collected here. And just as her scholarly work has often brought other thinkers together in scholarly projects and symposia, her creative output is both personal and collective. Though the exemplars included here are solo-authored, she has regularly engaged in renshi or ōfukushi, co-authoring with poets from Japan and around the world. Her Carillon Street (Kariyon dōri, 2009–ongoing) has featured new and established voices in poetry from Japan, China, Korea and, again—globally. Several of these translations are published here for the first time in English. Some were presented previously in the two volumes of her poetry in English, The Road Home (2015) and Sea of Blue Algae (2016), and I will refer readers to the introductory essays therein. Tokyo Sabbath (Tōkyō no sabasu, 2015) tells the story of a sabbatical—not in the academic sense of a break from daily working routine of classes and administration [End Page 244] in order to focus on research and creative projects, but in a more anagogical sense, implying the emergence from travail—where deep rest and recuperation are needed. It is the restoration of life force in an aftermath. Mizuta's poems are often deeply intertextual, building on her readings of poetry, novels, or religious texts. Often, the relationships are subtle allusions; at other times there are more direct references. Tokyo Sabbath opens with a reference to Kafka's famous first line in The Metamorphosis, but it is the grandmother who has died. Her body awaits loved ones who will come to clean it in accordance with Japanese funeral customs, a practice that Mizuta paints as strange, even traumatic for children who participate in the ceremony. This also recalls the death of Emperor Hirohito, and the nation of Japan emerging from the long postwar into an uncertain future. Relatives and children coming to clean the body parallel how the body of the deceased emperor gathered memories of the populace of Japan: the death of a figure of great importance means that stories from the past will come back. The past is contained in the body of the dead, and this body is washed in multiple narratives. Structurally, Tokyo Sabbath reflects this in its use of multiple narrators and narrative focal points (protagonists whose vantage point determines the scope of the story being told). These narrators are the daughter (or an independent narrator seeing things from her perspective) and the daughter's three former partners. These latter three are American, Chinese, Japanese figures. They are not blood relatives of the deceased, yet go back to wash the body of the grandmother who has died. Each is called "my son in law" by the grandmother; the three men are likely former husbands or former lovers of the daughter, who has long since left the house. Although the daughter once wrote a letter home from Israel, her whereabouts are otherwise uncertain. The men associated with her revere the grandmother, a grand figure, who is lying dead; yet the narration...

Lawsone suppresses azoxymethane mediated colon cancer in rats and reduces proliferation of DLD-1 cells via NF-κB pathway.

Abstract Dirk Schelte (1639-1714). The informal sociability and poetics of a rhymer Dirk Schelte was an Amsterdam jeweler who published in 1713 an enormous book of poetry, Rym-werken. The book is more or less an account in rhyme in various genres, such as letters, epithalamic poems or epigrams, of his relations with his family, friends, business contacts and colleagues, and as such a representative and at the same time extreme example of occasional poetry. He himself is the center of his attention and he tells with relish the larger or smaller events of his daily life. In this he is the tail-end of the so called anti-idealist poetics of e.g. Constantijn Huygens, whom he admired, and Jan Six van Chandelier. His style, however, is simple and focused on being easily understood. A son in law made a complete calligraphed copy of all Schelte’s poems, as a kind of family monument, thinking they would never be published, but soon after completion of that manuscript, now in the Leiden university library, Schelte decided to have his work printed after all. Because of the subjects, only interesting to direct relations, and the lack of poetic power, his work was soon forgotten or only remembered as a sample of what poetry should not be.

Over a hundred-year long history of Yi Myongrae s semi-solid ointment (Yi Myongrae Goyak？？) was reviewed. Yi Myongrae Goyak？？, which one would consider the first Korean traditional drug of modern times, was rooted on Seong Il-ron ( 성일론 ) ointment developed by Emil Devise (1871~1933, Korean name is Seong Il-ron), a Catholic priest of Paris Foreign Missions Society, who served over thirty-five years from 1895 at Gonseri Church, Asan, Chungcheong Nam-do. Devise s ointment made with his own special formular described in both Latin and Chinese was very helpful to many Korean suffered from pyogenic skin diseases. A teenage errand, Yi Myongrae (1890~1952) at Gonseri Church was apprenticed several years to Devise s special formular of herbal medicine and eventually open a cure-house named Yi Myongrae Goyak house at Gonseri in 1906. Since then, Yi Myongrae Goyak？？ became very popular for treating pyogenic skin disease such as furuncle, carbuncle, impetigo, ecthyma, etc and gained reputation as the cure-all (panacea) of various purulent skin disease among Korean people even in 1980 s. In 1920, Yi Myongrae Goyak house？？ was relocated at Joongrim-dong, near Yakhyun Catholic Church in Seoul. Yi Myongrae Goyak house？？ became a family business succeeding to son-in law, Lee Kwangjin (1911~1996). A short time after National Liberation from Japanese Colony, Yi Myongrae Goyak house？？ commenced Chungjeongro period, by running the Goyak house？？, Myongrae Oriental Clinic at Chungjeongro 3-ga 331 upto 1950 s, at Chungjeongro 375-5 during 1960 s-1978 and relocated at Chungjeong-ro 61-1 since 1978. These sites at a junction of three busy streets were just a few steps apart from each other. Yi Myongrae Goyak？？ has been succeeded into two lines: one was Original Yi Myongrae Goyak？？ house, Myongrae Oriental Clinic run by doctors of oriental medicine, Lee Kwangjin along with Im Jae-hyung (1944~) who is Lee s son-in law. This Myongrae Oriental Clinic closed currently is looking for a successor. The other line, Myongrae Pharmaceutical Co. at Lipjong-dong and Kwanchul-dong in Seoul operated from 1956 to 2002, by Yi Yongjae (1921~2009), a daughter of Yi Myongrae. Myongrae Pharmaceutical Co. had manufactured massively Yi Myongrae Goyak？？, and distributed its product through local pharmacy. However, the full-right on Yi Myongrae Goyak？？, owned by Myongrae Pharmaceutical Co. was transferred in a year of 2005 to Mr. Hwnag Kyu-Jang who has been a technical staff of Myongrae Pharmaceutical Co. for many years. Hwang had been in charge of production of Yi Myongrae Goyak？？ in cooperative with GP Pharmaceutical Co. Currently Mr Hwang is collaborating with JungWoo Pharmaceutical co.

Objective: To prepare, assess the lawsone loaded chitosan scaffolds for antibacterial and wound healing activity. Methods: The work was focused is to develop a topical formulation preferably, natural biodegradable scaffolds of lawsone drug for treating skin wounds and bacterial infections. Here, lawsone loaded chitosan microspheres were impregnated into chitosan scaffolds. The lawsone microspheres prepared by emulsification and cross linking method. Incorporation of lawsone loaded chitosan microspheres into chitosan scaffolds by emulsification and freeze drying technique. The lawsone a microspheres characterized by FT-IR, SEM, evaluated through entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, in vitro drug release studies. Lawsone scaffolds was assessed for wound healing ability using albino rats and anti bacterial activity by agar disc diffusion method. Results: the FT-IR spectra showing almost similar peaks within the same wave length range indicating the there is no possible interaction between the drug and polymer. The SEM of Lawsone microspheres and prepared scaffolds showing oval shape, slightly rough, porous surface, slightly aggregated and interconnected porous structure of the scaffolds was slightly reddish brown in colour. The lawsone loaded chitosan scaffolds had exhibited antibacterial activity against different bacrial strains and wound healing potential in albino rats. Conclusion: The schematic process of lawsone loaded chitosan microspheres imparts quality in the in the topical formulation and obtained results were judicious.