Lawrence's Work Research Articles

Томас Едвард Лоуренс (Лоуренс Аравійський) у боротьбі Великої Британії та Османської імперії за Близький Схід

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and place of T. E. Lawrence in the British-Turkish struggle and relations between Great Britain and the Arab peoples during the First World War, based on scientific works and sources. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, integrity and systematicity. Among the applied general scientific methods are the methods of analysis and synthesis, and among the special-historical ones - the problem-chronological method. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that this problem is highlighted in domestic historiography for the first time. Conclusions. Thomas Edward Lawrence, one of the best British orientalists of the early 20th century, played an important role in London's struggle against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East and in building British-Arab relations. At the beginning of the First World War, as a result of repeated and long expeditions and travels in the Middle East and Egypt, he knew well the behavior and mentality of the Arabs, the Arabic language, had rich experience of communicating with the local population, which made him a valuable specialist for the British intelligence in the Middle East. During the war, Lawrence's work with the Arabs produced important results for British success both on the battlefield and in the preparation and support of the Arab Revolt. Thus, Lawrence found an effective tactic of using Arab units to disrupt the logistics and supply of the Ottoman Empire's troops. Lawrence managed to avoid direct clashes between Turkish and Arab units and at the same time inflict serious losses on the enemy, most of all – losses of material resources. The results of T. E. Lawrence's activities were reflected both on the map of the fronts and, finally, on the borders of the states that emerged after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

Symbolism in D. H. Lawrence's Works and the Role It Plays

Symbolism in D. H. Lawrence's Works and the Role It Plays

Revisiting the Pansies Notebook: New Approaches to D. H. Lawrence's Late Archives

ABSTRACT D. H. Lawrence completed several significant works concurrently during the last three years of his life (1928–1930), including the poetry collection Pansies. Though the three volumes of Poems of the comprehensive Cambridge Edition of the Works of D. H. Lawrence offer valuable insight into Lawrence's verse-writing, this article underscores the importance of critically examining the materiality and intertextuality of Lawrence's late works by returning to the archives. It proposes two innovative approaches: reconstructing the Pansies notebook by situating dispersed archival materials back into the notebook, and analysing the intertextuality of seemingly unrelated pieces across various genres. This study complements the existing scholarly edition by providing a fresh perspective for examining Lawrence's late archives and appreciating his works synoptically and compositionally. It emphasises the significance of archives in the study of D. H. Lawrence and the broader field of modernist studies.

Особливості розтабуювання образу матері в новелі Д. Г. Лоренса «Мати й дочка»

Cultural d iscussions of D.H. Lawrence's creative legacy never cease, but his novelistic work remains the least considered in literary scholarship. A direct reading of D.H. Lawrence's works gives us every reason to note that a woman very often becomes the subject of his prose. The discourse on women in his texts is presented in the context of socio-cultural and family stereotypes of the female role. Analysis of recent research and articles on the works of D.H. Lawrence over the past three years has shown that his novels continue to be the main subject of scholarly consideration. Only a few literary critics have dealt with D.H. Lawrence's novels, completely ignoring the image of women in short prose. Hence the obvious relevance of our research. The aim of the article is to analyze the features of the image of the mother in Lawrence's novel ‘Mother and Daughter’. The task of the research is to establish the foundation of the plot of the novel and the artistic components of female images in it. It has been established that the novel’s core plot is the latent conflict between Virginia Bodoin and her mother, whose dominant feature is overprotection. The text consistently demonstrates the personal and emotional subordination of an adult daughter to her mother. In his works, Laurence often artistically depicts the fate of his characters as a direct result of maternal psychological violence. In the short story "Mother and Daughter", similar to many other short stories and novels of Lawrence, the artistic image of the family features a psychologically dominant, educated, and strong-willed woman, who, through overprotection, deprives the opportunity for the rest of the family to live their own life. The figure of the father in Lawrence's works is often absent: he is either deceased or reduced to the image of a spineless alcoholic or a passive romantic. As the author gets into the routines of the Bodoin women's lives, they implicitly lead us to an understanding of the relationship between the two of them as that of a married couple, where the mother "plays" the male role. Rachel's separation from men appears to be caused rather by the psycho type of the heroine than the modern way of living. Guided by the classification of the most common types of human behavior developed by Jean Shinoda Bolen, a follower of the Jungian school, we consider the depiction of relationships in the Bodoin family as the author's version of the Greek myth about Demeter and Persephone. The text contains details that attest to the financial prosperity of the heroines and emphasize their beauty and intelligence, but according to Lawrence's artistic version, all this did not make the women's lives fulfilling. Mother and daughter feel unhappy for different reasons. If Rachel, due to her asexuality and hypertrophied maternal instinct, seeks to dominate her daughter's life and takes any man as a competitor, Virginia, on the other hand, lacks male attention and even paternal care. The conclusions state that the short story "Mother and Daughter" by D.H. Lawrence is a kind of interpretation of the Greek myth about the abduction of a girl as a way to get her out of her mother's care. The fact that the words denoting blood relationships are used in the title of a short story leads us to the following interpretation: the lives of Bodoin women artistically represent a very common in society of that time model of relationship, and so, we would consider Virginia's life not as a special case, but as a norm. Keywords: Lawrence, the image of a woman, the myth of Demeter and Persephone, novel

Promotion and Protection of Feminism Creativity for Public Environment: The Integration of Ecofeminism and Public Environment.

Each of us leaves a trace of our consumption on the environment. Take a step back, though, and consider how much influence people have had on the Earth. The Anthropocene, sometimes known as the era of humans, refers to how significantly we have changed the Earth's systems. This is the grand view of humanity's impact on the Earth. In this article, we plan to introduce and explain ecofeminism. Because of the natural connection with nature and the social role as housekeepers, women often have empathetic power when expressing their demands for the public environment, thus becoming a vital force in public environmental protection. Facing the public environmental forces spurting from ecofeminism, we study the dissemination of ecofeminism with the help of mass media. However, in present-day China, as pointed out by ecofeminism, the predatory exploitation of nature and the catastrophic killing of plants and animals make the fate of women challenging to control. Therefore, we study the theory of multicultural ecofeminism and public environmental protection. Finally, based on the integration of ecofeminism and the public environment, we interpret Lawrence's famous work, Sons and Lovers, and analyze the relationship between men and women and the public environment in this work from the perspective of ecofeminism. In human socialization, ecofeminism has provided strong support for protecting the public environment, and at the same time, it has also improved.

로렌스 문학의 ‘오이디푸스 콤플렉스’에 의한 자아분열과 해방: 『아들과 연인』, 「피아노」, 「뱀」을 중심으로

로렌스 문학의 ‘오이디푸스 콤플렉스’에 의한 자아분열과 해방: 『아들과 연인』, 「피아노」, 「뱀」을 중심으로

Governmentality in EU external trade and environment policy: between rights and market

While the European Union's external trade policy has always engaged with such values as development, human rights and environmental sustainability, this rhetoric has been significantly stepped up over the last years. The unprecedented politicization of major trade deals and accusations that the EU ignores normative concerns in practice have led the European Commission to declare in 2015 that ‘trade policy … will not only project our interests, but also our values’. A growing number of scholarly contributions address the EU's response to contestation over trade policy and its attempts to increase legitimacy. Governmentality in EU external trade and environment policy contributes to this debate from a critical perspective. Although it is grounded in transnational legal studies, Jessica Lawrence's work reaches beyond the mainstream of her discipline, providing an insightful analysis of the EU's external policy based on Michel Foucault's idea of governmentality. It is this interdisciplinary approach that gives the book its richness.

D. H. Lawrence and Post-natal Depression

This essay takes as its starting-point an intriguing claim made by Lawrence critics: that the character Juliet in Lawrence's short story 'Sun' might be understood as suffering from post-natal depression. The essay explores the gap between what is suggested by the story, and what Lawrence could have known about, considering fraught accounts of childbirth in 'Sun' and Sons and Lovers (1913). It argues that something like post-natal depression in Lawrence's work raises questions about the limits of the imagination, and focuses a nexus of concerns relating to illness, selfhood, and hope.

Flaubert’s Crime

This essay takes as its starting-point an intriguing claim made by Lawrence critics: that the character Juliet in Lawrence's short story 'Sun' might be understood as suffering from post-natal depression. The essay explores the gap between what is suggested by the story, and what Lawrence could have known about, considering fraught accounts of childbirth in 'Sun' and Sons and Lovers (1913). It argues that something like post-natal depression in Lawrence's work raises questions about the limits of the imagination, and focuses a nexus of concerns relating to illness, selfhood, and hope In the second and third decades of the 20th century, T. S. Eliot put forward a number of ideas about poetry that became highly influential. Enthusiastically welcomed by the more avant-garde critics of the day, they were crucial in the establishment of what is now known as British literary 'modernism'. The chief aim of this essay is to suggest that none of them really holds water and that, had Eliot not in fact been a great poet, they would never have been taken so seriously.

The Annihilation of History in D.H. Lawrence's Later Works

Capsized Classes in Lawrence’s Life In spite of his humble social background, Lawrence had the opportunity to meet several aristocrats in the course of his life. During his upbringing, just as Paul in Sons and Lovers, he was tossed between the world of his father, who, as a miner, was in the most literal sense a man of the earth and that of his sterner mother who had bourgeois aspirations. Lawrence’s very inability to reconcile these two figures and, as a consequence, his need to reject both,...

Excess and Economy in Sons and Lovers

The novel has future....Instead of snivelling about what and has been, or inventing new sensations in the old line, it's got to break way through, like hole in the wall. And the public will scream and say it sacrilege: because, of course, when you've been jammed for long time in tight corner, and you get really used to its stuffiness and its tightness, till you find it suffocatingly cozy; then, of course, you're horrified when you see new glaring hole in what was your cosy wall. --D. H. Lawrence, Surgery for the Novel--or Bomb, 520 In the 1925 essay Morality and the Novel, D. H. Lawrence gives us what surely one of his meilleurs mots: If you try to anything down, in the he writes, either it kills the novel, or the novel gets up and walks away with the (528). While often taken to be warning against exhaustive interpretations, (1) the context from which line so often orphaned suggests more precise meaning. To begin with, Lawrence has in mind the composition of novel, not its reception. But more significantly, the witticism encapsulates something crucial to Lawrence's view of ontology and the poetics it supports. Unlike religion and philosophy, both of which are concerned with down--defining, taxonomizing, separating--the world and its inhabitants, the novel's business is to reveal the relation between man and his circumambient universe, at the living moment (527). Indeed, when executed morally--that is, when true to the complexity of life--the novel conveys a relationship, relatedness (529). Life, for Lawrence, nothing else but just such pure relatedness, or as he claims, this perfected relation between man and his circumambient universe itself, for mankind (527). Like his contemporary Virginia Woolf, for whom the capture of strikingly similar life was the categorical imperative of fiction, Lawrence here thinks of the novel's involvement with the pure relatedness of in ethical or moral terms. The danger, or rather immorality, in trying to pin down something in the novel that the novel's intimate relation with life threatened. At worst, it forfeited altogether, bringing down the novel with it; at best, it lives on in spite of the novelist's foolhardy intervention, though likely in maimed capacity. One of the questions of paper concerns what it means to nail something down within the novel, and how novel operating within formal tradition very much invested in various manners and degrees of nailing things down--here, that of the Bildungsroman or novel of development--might go about resisting such tendencies. Lawrence suggests that the quickest route to novelistic to give free rein to one's ruling passion, what he calls the novelist's helpless, unconscious predilection (529). Thus, provided his conscious self does not intervene and moderate, the novelist in the throes of love will write novel likewise in the throes of love. Such novel imbalanced, insofar as it denies human experience its variety and reduces to falsifying sameness. Woolf, again an ally here, might refer to such novel as egotistical, by which she would mean that it lazily accommodates itself to single dominant and dominating perspective that stamps out difference. (2 ) This same immorality can be expressed formally as well. A novel that overly faithful to formal strictures will, unsurprisingly, forfeit Lawrence's precious life. In Lawrence's own work, the tension between form and the dynamism of (which, in its very dynamism, tends to disrupt form) perhaps the most aesthetically productive and compelling quality of his work. Particularly, the incongruity between the development narrative and the pure connectivity of accounts both for Lawrence's distinctive brand of modernism and his seemingly retrograde sincerity. (3) To certain extent, the idea of Bildang--of self-cultivation, of development, of growth--is central to all of his novels. …

Color Words in D. H. Lawrence’s Fictional Works

D. H. Lawrence was of greatest figures in twentieth-century English literature. Many of his works deal with issues of dualistic balances between men and men, men and women, men and nature, etc. Very few of critics have noticed color words in his fictional works, though they are prevailing in nearly every piece of Lawrence's writings. As a matter of fact, color words not only reflects Lawrence's metaphysic assertion and strategies applied in narration, but also shows his growing background and influences from other modernists of his time. Therefore, it will be worthwhile to deal with color issues in Lawrence's fictional works, and findings about stylistic, strategic and biographical reasons behind application of color words will be quite helpful to highlight aspects which we may have overlooked and add another dimension to understand Lawrence's fiction. Most of studies on Lawrence deal with Lawrence's philosophy, his language and even his biographical background. It is quite a shame that few of them touches upon question as to reasons behind frequent appearance of color words in Lawrence's work, though it is obvious that Lawrence have a predilection for color terms for their overall appearance in Lawrence's writings in all kinds of genres. Some critics have noticed this phenomenon, but their comments are quite limited. Hugh Stevens thinks that Lawrence's attitude towards races is reflected in colors in characters. According to him, Lawrence's writing strikingly blends eroticism and racial markings such as color of every part of body. He draws attention to contrast of color between and Prussian officer by proposing that the two men are systematically opposed not only in terms of class, age and authority, but also in terms of color: 'light blue eyes' and 'cold fire' of officer are opposed to 'warm flame' of 'swarthy' orderly (Stevens, 2003, p. 55). Anais Nin justifies Lawrence's preference for color terms as one of things which give his work an incredible reality (Nin, 1964, p. 63). In his review about Sea and Sardinia, Jack F. Steward returns to rhetorical issue of Lawrence's language and approaches color usage by referring to Roman Jacobson's theory of metaphor and metonymy as intellectual background. This essay draws attention to a group of color motifs in Lawrence's description of natural scenes. Though these critical studies touch upon specialty of chromatic characteristics of language in Lawrence's writing, still they fail to relate this phenomenon with Lawrence's metaphysic or narrative strategies behind it. This article seeks to highlight Lawrence's application of color terms and tries to give a specific analysis of reasons behind his predilection for color words. In line with that, it will help readers be more aware of importance of color words in Lawrence's fictional writing and give a more panoramic understanding of Lawrencian narration and its relation with spirit of his time. 2. Discussion

Lawrence of Arabia and the Shaws (T. E. Lawrence, Correspondence with Bernard Shaw and Charlotte Shaw, Volume 4, 1929–35, edited by Jeremy and Nicole Wilson)

Lawrence of Arabia and the Shaws (T. E. Lawrence, <i>Correspondence with Bernard Shaw and Charlotte Shaw</i>, Volume 4, 1929–35, edited by Jeremy and Nicole Wilson)

Painting Harlem modern: the art of Jacob Lawrence

Jacob Lawrence was one of the best-known African American artists of the twentieth century. In Painting Harlem Modern, Patricia Hills renders a vivid assessment of Lawrence's long and productive career. She argues that his complex, cubist-based paintings developed out of a vital connection with a modern Harlem that was filled with artists, writers, musicians, and social activists. She also uniquely positions Lawrence alongside such important African American writers as Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, and Ralph Ellison. Drawing from a wide range of archival materials and interviews with artists, Hills interprets Lawrence's art as distilled from a life of struggle and perseverance. She brings insightful analysis to his work, beginning with the 1930s street scenes that provided Harlem with its pictorial image, and follows each decade of Lawrence's work, with accounts that include his impressions of Southern Jim Crow segregation and a groundbreaking discussion of Lawrence's symbolic use of masks and masking during the 1950s Cold War era. Painting Harlem Modern is an absorbing book that highlights Lawrence's heroic efforts to meet his many challenges while remaining true to his humanist values and artistic vision.

Image: Reflections on the treatment of images and dreams in art psychotherapy groups

Social Dreaming sees dreams as differentiated particles of the undifferentiated unconscious, here understood as infinite and containers for unconscious wisdom. Through sharing dreams and their free associations in a particularly structured meeting called the Matrix, Social-Dreaming promotes access to unattended knowledge and transformation of thinking. Analytic Art-Psychotherapy groups promote therapeutic change through image making and interpersonal contacts. Neurological phenomena associated with both dreaming and creativity suggest that art and dreams can act as conduits to unattended knowledge, bridging conscious and unconscious thinking. The author suggests that in Art Psychotherapy this dimension could be enhanced by viewing image ownership as collective rather than individual and by routinely using free association in preference to more common, explanatory practices and describes some structural modifications to the context of Art Psychotherapy group work with clinical evidence. The conclusion is that creative thinking promotes homeostasis, a state of internal equilibrium, necessary to well being and a function of internal coherence. The ideas in this work derive from the author's personal experiences in Social-Dreaming and as an Art Psychotherapist. Relevant here are Gordon Lawrence's works on Social Dreaming; David Maclagan's on Imagination and Lois Oppenheim's on Neuro-psychoanalysis.

A Renewed Darwinian Theory of Responsible Leadership

Drawing on insights from evolutionary psychology and modern neuroscience, this paper highlights propositions about human nature that have far reaching consequences, when applied to leadership. Based on Paul Lawrence's work, I examine the main factors of human survival and extend them to a model for leadership in the 21st century. The discussion ends with an outlook on the organizational and structural conditions that would allow for better and more balanced leadership.

Masaru Matsudaira, A Man Who Lived Through: A Study of D. H. Lawrence's Works

Masaru Matsudaira, A Man Who Lived Through: A Study of D. H. Lawrence's Works

Minoru Tanaka, Love and Sex in D. H. Lawrence's Works

Minoru Tanaka, Love and Sex in D. H. Lawrence's Works

The Qur’an: a biography

"Meditative and unique, a lovely read for any spiritual person, Muslim or not."--Publisher's Weekly Few books in history have been as poorly understood as the Qur'an. Sent down in a series of revelations to the Prophet Muhammad, the Qur'an is the unmediated word of Allah, a ritual, political, and legal authority, an ethical and spiritual guide, and a literary masterpiece. In this book, one of the launch titles in Atlantic Monthly Press' "Books That Changed the World" series, the distinguished historian of religion Bruce Lawrence shows precisely how the Qur'an is Islam. He describes the origins of the faith and assesses its tremendous influence on today's societies and politics. Above all, Lawrence emphasizes that the Qur'an is a sacred book of signs that has no single message. It is a book that demands interpretation and one that can be properly understood only through its history. Bruce Lawrence's work is a beautifully written and, in these increasingly troubled times, invaluable introduction to and exploration of the core sacred text of Islam.

D. H. Lawrence, 'An opportunity and a test': The Leavis-Eliot Controversy Revisited

The dispute between F. R. Leavis and T. S. Eliot over the literary remains of D. H. Lawrence has strongly influenced the critical response to Lawrence's work. Leavis frames his response to Eliot and Lawrence in the form of a dichotomy, siding with Lawrence to repudiate Eliot. Leavis's reiterated assaults on Eliot lack discrimination and perspective, and his use of Lawrence to criticise Eliot involuntarily harmed the writer Leavis was so committed to championing. This essay attempts to clear the obfuscations surrounding the Leavis–Eliot controversy by accounting for certain misleading matters of fact and inference in the critical history.