Crime Behavior Research Articles

Adverse effect of Abuse During Childhood on Criminal Behavior and Type of Crime among Prisoners at Forensic Mental Health Department

A quantitative approach using a descriptive-analysis design was used in the present study to find out the impact of child abuse on criminal behavior among prisoners in the forensic department. The period of the study was from 16th of October 2023 to 10th of June 2024. The study has been conducted at Al-Rashad Training Hospital which is located in of Baghdad City. Non-probability sampling techniques in which prisoners are selected because they have characteristics that we need in our sample. In other words, prisoners are selected “on purpose” as purposive sampling. Also the judgmental sampling, this sampling method relies on our judgment when identifying and selecting the prisoners that can provide the best information to achieve the study’s objectives. We choose purposive sampling because the researcher wants to focus in-depth on relatively small samples. A purposive sample of (110) prisoners was selected from Al-Rashad Training Hospital. The study sample in this research was selected from prisoners in the forensic department in the hospital. Results: Prisoners have moderate to high level of psychological abuse during childhood. They have moderate to high level of physical abuse during childhood. prisoners having moderate to high level of sexual abuse during childhood. Also they have moderate to high level of neglect during childhood. As overall prisoners have high level of abuse during childhood. prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (socialization). related to criminal behavior subdomain (Social conditions) among prisoners; the findings indicates that prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (Social conditions) among items. The findings indicates that prisoners having moderate to high level of criminal behavior subdomain (Personal and psychological circumstances) among items. Prisoners have high level of criminal behavior as overall. There is high significant relationship between Abuse during childhood and Criminal behavior at p-value= .004. There are significant relationships between (psychological, physical, sexual abuse) during childhood and criminal behavior at p-value= 0.05. There are no significant relationships between neglect during childhood and criminal behavior. There is no significant relationship between Abuse during childhood and type of crime at p-value= .05.

Digital Violence Against Women: Is There a Real Need for Special Criminalization?

Social networking and rapid digital evolution have created a brand-new framework of human behaviours and habits. Of course, the majority of them already existed over the centuries but in a different form; as a result, conventional assaults towards legal interests of specific individuals have initially transformed into electronic and then into cyber(-)crimes (p.e. from conventional pornography to internet pornography or cyber/digital pornography including sometimes even virtual pornography via pseudo images and totally AI generated pictures). When discussion comes to gender-based violence, in particular violence against women and domestic violence, we realize that abuses and violations of their fundamental human rights could take place either online or offline; furthermore, both similarities and differences in old and new behaviours, and consequently in crime formations (“actus reus”) and in perpetrators’ “modus operandi” could easily be found and categorized. This paper will not discover the causes or the elements behind the various digital abuses against women; its first purpose is to gather the various crime behaviours against women and reach some conclusions by a methodically comparative bibliographic and legislative research. Besides, tackling gender-based violence –in particular violence against women and domestic violence- consists one of the main contemporary concerns of every liberal state. CoE’s contribution to it –through Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) and Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) but even via ECHR’s case law- is indisputable. At the same time, European Union is trying to end gender-based violence through its member states with a new legal instrument (a proposed Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence), whose results are expected to be more direct and -hopefully- more effective. The main target of this paper is to present and examine the specific form of digital crime against women and girls as long as the majority of crimes nowadays takes place digitally; notwithstanding the fact that pandemic and post pandemic era have definitely determined criminals’ modus operandi. At the end of the day, someone has to answer: how Criminal Law faces the new aforementioned behaviours, based on the fundamental theory of legal interest and leading to a justified (extra) standardization? And even more: where does this “plus” in penalties (: aggravation) for behaviours that combine characteristics of digital and gender-based criminality come from?

Crime Dynamics in Russia - Model Analysis

Introduction. The article proposes a mathematical model of the dynamics of one of the indicators of crime ― the number of persons who have committed crimes. The indicator is aggregated, so it is considered as a generalized characteristic of the behavior of crime in general. The analysis of the dynamics of the indicator in the context of the political, economic and legal situation in the country and the world is carried out.Materials and methods. As a statistical base for the crime indicator, data from the statistical yearbook "Russia in figures" has been used. For global oil demand, data from the monthly review of the International Energy Agency (Monthly Oil Market Report // International Energy Agency) has been used. To build mathematical models, time series analysis and modeling methods were used, and correlation analysis methods were used when comparing models. General scientific research methods were also used - systematic and historical approaches.Results of the study. A mathematical model is proposed, which is the sum of periodic functions and a trend. The functions have several settings and only one argument – time. The model adequately describes the behavior of the indicator therefore it can be used to obtain short-term forecasts. The historical period is highlighted, in which the correlation between the dynamics of crime and the dynamics of the global economic situation is traced. The stabilization of crime dynamics in recent years has been noted, when the processes of restoring Russia's economic sovereignty accelerated.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed mathematical model gives good results of fitting the crime indicator to a time series on the entire observation period. And this period covers very different historical situations: from unlimited entry into the global economic system to strengthening economic sovereignty. The reliability of the model over the entire interval indicates the validity of its use even with new economic benchmarks. The result of demonstrating a rapid decrease in the amplitude of fluctuations in the crime rate while strengthening the sovereignty of the Russian economy in recent years is indicative. The processes that were analyzed in the work have many differences, but they are well described by models of the same type. A possible explanation for this invariance is the hypothesis that some complex socio-economic processes not only affect each other's condition, but synchronize their dynamics.

Camera-Based Crime Behavior Detection and Classification

Increasing numbers of public and private locations now have surveillance cameras installed to make those areas more secure. Even though many organizations still hire someone to monitor the cameras, the person hired is more likely to miss some unexpected events in the video feeds because of human error. Several researchers have worked on surveillance data and have presented a number of approaches for automatically detecting aberrant events. To keep track of all the video data that accumulate, a supervisor is often required. To analyze the video data automatically, we recommend using neural networks to identify the crimes happening in the real world. Through our approach, it will be easier for police agencies to discover and assess criminal activity more quickly using our method, which will reduce the burden on their staff. In this paper, we aim to provide anomaly detection using surveillance videos as input specifically for the crimes of arson, burglary, stealing, and vandalism. It will provide an efficient and adaptable crime-detection system if integrated across the smart city infrastructure. In our project, we trained multiple accurate deep learning models for object detection and crime classification for arson, burglary and vandalism. For arson, the videos were trained using YOLOv5. Similarly for burglary and vandalism, we trained using YOLOv7 and YOLOv6, respectively. When the models were compared, YOLOv7 performed better with the highest mAP of 87. In this, we could not compare the model’s performance based on crime type because all the datasets for each crime type varied. So, for arson YOLOv5 performed well with 80% mAP and for vandalism, YOLOv6 performed well with 86% mAP. This paper designed an automatic identification of crime types based on camera or surveillance video in the absence of a monitoring person, and alerts registered users about crimes such as arson, burglary, and vandalism through an SMS service. To detect the object of the crime in the video, we trained five different machine learning models: Improved YOLOv5 for arson, Faster RCNN and YOLOv7 for burglary, and SSD MobileNet and YOLOv6 for vandalism. Other than improved models, we innovated by building ensemble models of all three crime types. The main aim of the project is to provide security to the society without human involvement and make affordable surveillance cameras to detect and classify crimes. In addition, we implemented the Web system design using the built package in Python, which is Gradio. This helps the registered user of the Twilio communication tool to receive alert messages when any suspicious activity happens around their communities.

Implementation of Crime Activity Detection System using Deep Learning

Video Surveillance plays a pivotal role in today’s world. The technologies have been advanced too much when artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning pitched into the system. Using above combinations, different systems are in place which helps to differentiate various crime behaviors from the live tracking of footages. The most unpredictable one is human behavior and it is very difficult to find whether it is detecting crime or not. Deep learning approach is used to detect crime or normal activity in an academic environment, and which sends an alert message to the corresponding authority, in case of predicting a crime activity. Monitoring is often performed through consecutive frames which are extracted from the video.

Crime Activity Detection System

Video Surveillance plays a pivotal role in today’s world. The technologies have been advanced too much when artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning pitched into the system. Using above combinations, different systems are in place which helps to differentiate various crime behaviors from the live tracking of footages. The most unpredictable one is human behavior and it is very difficult to find whether it is detecting crime or not. Deep learning approach is used to detect crimeor normal activity in an academic environment, and which sends an alert message to the corresponding authority, in case of predicting a crime activity. Monitoring is often performed through consecutive frames which are extracted from the video.

The Regulation and Supervision of Network Financial Data Crime Behaviour in China

The Regulation and Supervision of Network Financial Data Crime Behaviour in China

Peranan Organisasi Forum Anak Padang (FORANDANG) dalam Upaya Preventif Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak di Kota Padang

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the Padang City Children's Forum (FORANDANG) in preventing sexual violence against children in Padang City. This research uses a semi qualitative approach (quasi qualitative) with a simple research design (SRD) method. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that FORANDANG in an effort to prevent sexual violence against children has carried out its role but not yet optimal. FORANDANG's role as a pioneer is in conducting socialisation and campaign activities. However, there are still many children who cannot distinguish between adult behaviour as a form of affection and sexual crime behaviour. While the role as a reporter, FORANDANG has never encountered a case of sexual violence that occurred in its neighbourhood, but has only reported the issue of sexual violence in vulnerable areas. There are obstacles in carrying out its role, internal obstacles such as: communication is not smooth between members, new regeneration in several sub-districts and villages that have not been carried out, limited funds and budgets, and the lack of funds. External constraints: the lack of desire of the audience to pay attention and understand what was delivered.

The Impact of Growth Environment on Individual Crime Behavior

Criminal behavior has a negative impact on society, family and the future development of individuals, so it is necessary to explore the factors that affect individual criminal behavior. Existing studies have found that individual criminal behavior is influenced by multiple factors, among which environmental impact is particularly important. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the environmental factors that affect individual crime, the present study explored the effects of family factors, school factors, and social factors on the individual crime behavior. This article summarizes multiple literature to further study the environmental factors that influence individual criminal behavior and the article will also cover the disharmony of family relationships in the family environment, campus bullying between students and language violence between teachers and students in the campus environment, as well as the impact of social media, economic underdevelopment, the layout of living space, and cultural factors on individual crime in the social environment.

IMPACT OF POLICE CYNICISM ON CRIME REPORTING: INSIGHTS FROM ANGELES CITY, PHILIPPINES

This research delves into the intricate relationship between police cynicism and crime reporting behavior in Angeles City, Philippines. It takes a comprehensive approach, aiming to identify both the factors that encourage and discourage crime reporting while examining the influence of police cynicism. The research utilizes a mixed-methods design, encompassing a descriptive survey and correlation research. The survey includes questions regarding individuals attitudes towards the police, their willingness to report crimes, and their perceptions of the polices effectiveness in combating crime. The correlation research specifically delves into the connection between police cynicism and crime-reporting behavior, hypothesizing that higher levels of police cynicism correlate with lower levels of crime reporting and vice versa. The findings of this study carry significant implications for improving crime reporting behavior, ultimately contributing to enhanced safety in Angeles City. The research underscores the existence of generally positive attitudes toward crime reporting, driven by an awareness of the seriousness of offenses, a sense of empowerment, and a shared responsibility for community well-being. This positive disposition emphasizes the need for law enforcement agencies and policymakers to consider community engagement strategies and initiatives that encourage reporting. The research also reveals that discouraging factors do exist, particularly concerning non-traditional crimes, where fears and distrust in the justice system play a significant role. While there is a prevailing trust in the local polices effectiveness, the weak correlation between positive police perceptions and actual reporting behavior highlights the need for a holistic approach in policy development. Furthermore, the positive correlation between discouragement and encouragement factors in reporting suggests potential policy implications, calling for in-depth research to further comprehend the intricate dynamics influencing reporting behavior. The findings collectively emphasize the multifaceted nature of public perceptions and reporting motivations, underlining the interconnectedness of these elements. Policymakers are encouraged to adopt comprehensive approaches that foster community trust and enhance reporting behavior, while researchers are urged to delve deeper into these nuanced relationships to inform evidence-based policies for public safety and more effective law enforcement in Angeles City. KEYWORDS: crime reporting, crime reporting behavior, police cynicism, encouraging and discouraging factors of crime reporting

The weakest link? Investigative issues in serial sexual assault that lead to wrongful conviction

Wrongful conviction of an innocent person is an extreme type of injustice that plagues the criminal justice system today. Wrongful conviction for a sexual offense is especially traumatic for the individual due to the inherent stigma surrounding this type of crime; however, there is a dearth of research focusing on the unique aspects of both the offense and the investigation that may contribute to those convictions. The current study sought to answer the following research questions: 1-Are most sexual assault wrongful convictions in series inter-racial? 2- Does relational misattribution play a role in wrongful conviction for sexual assault? 3-Where in the series do wrongful convictions occur? 4-Do wrongful convictions in serial sexual assault cases occur primarily due to behavioral inconsistency on the part of the perpetrator (i.e., the crime for which there is a wrongful conviction appears to be significantly different from the rest of the series) leading to linkage blindness? 5-To what extent does police misconduct and other investigative issues play a role in mishandling of the offense as a one-off as opposed to part of series? Data for this study included 43 violent sexual series where a proven wrongful conviction was present for at least one of the crimes. Results suggest that thorough investigation, evidence testing, and the ability to reopen cases after similar incidents can reduce wrongful sexual assault convictions. Distinguishing between group and solo offending, stranger and acquaintance offenses, and developing investigative models that account for serial crime behavior change can improve investigative accuracy.

Organized crime behavior of shell-company networks in procurement: prevention insights for policy and reform

AbstractIn recent years, the analysis of economic crime and corruption in procurement has benefited from integrative studies that acknowledge the interconnected nature of the procurement ecosystem. Following this line of research, we present a networks approach for the analysis of shell-companies operations in procurement that makes use of contracting and ownership data under one framework to gain knowledge about the organized crime behavior that emerges in this setting. In this approach, ownership and management data are used to identify connected components in shell-company networks that, together with the contracting data, allows to develop an alternative representation of the traditional buyer-supplier network: the module-component bipartite network, where the modules are groups of buyers and the connected components are groups of suppliers. This is applied to two documented cases of procurement corruption in Mexico characterized by the involvement of large groups of shell-companies in the misappropriation of millions of dollars across many sectors. We quantify the economic impact of single versus connected shell-companies operations. In addition, we incorporate metrics for the diversity of operations and favoritism levels. This paper builds into the quantitative organized crime in the private sector studies and contributes by proposing a networks approach for preventing fraud and understanding the need for legal reforms.

Causes and Consequences of Corruption in Schools: The Role of Prevention and Control Promoted by Leaders’ Moral Impetus

We explored the moderated mediating effect of the causes of corruption in schools on its consequences through prevention and control promoted by leaders’ moral impetus. We surveyed 81 Taiwanese elementary and secondary schools; 1,024 school principals, administrative staff, teachers, and parents completed valid questionnaires, which we analyzed using structural equation modeling. Corruption prevention and control promoted by leaders’ moral impetus partially mediated the relationship between the causes and consequences of corruption. Plundering (non-criminal form) increased and law-breaking behavior (criminal form) weakened the intensity of corruption prevention and control promoted by leaders’ moral impetus. Educational leaders should use moral leadership to decrease plundering and establish whistleblowing mechanisms on social media to support corruption prevention and control to hinder law-breaking behaviors.

Spatial-temporal meta-path guided explainable crime prediction

Exposure to crime and violence can harm individuals’ quality of life and the economic growth of communities. In light of the rapid development in machine learning, there is a rise in the need to explore automated solutions to crime prevention. The increasing availability of both fine-grained urban and public service data has driven a recent surge in fusing such cross-domain information to facilitate crime prediction. By capturing the information about social structure, environment, and crime trends, existing machine learning predictive models have explored the dynamic crime patterns from different views. However, these approaches mostly convert such multi-source knowledge into implicit and latent representations (e.g., learned embeddings of districts), making it still a challenge to investigate the impacts of explicit factors for the occurrences of crimes behind the scenes. In this paper, we present a Spatial-Temporal Meta-path guided Explainable Crime prediction (STMEC) framework to capture dynamic patterns of crime behaviours and explicitly characterize how the environmental and social factors mutually interact to produce the forecasts. Extensive experiments show the superiority of STMEC compared with other advanced spatial-temporal models, especially in predicting felonies (e.g., robberies and assaults with dangerous weapons).

PREVALENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN VIOLENT CRIME BEHAVIOUR: CLERKED CLIENTS LIST, FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, KEFFI

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and violent crime is unprecedented in the national health emergency sectors especially FMC, Keffi health in a box. Psychiatric clients were recorded among the psychiatric cases in the clinic in federal medical centre, Keffi. The cardinal objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and ways to curtail incidences of psychosocial disorders in the mental behaviour process of the clients under examination. The current states of disturbance of psychiatric patient clinic were characterized by schizophrenia disorder, anxiety disorder, depression disorder, alcoholic, antisocial personality disorder and mental illness and violent crime behaviour. Clinical depression and bipolar disorder were characterized by profoundly sad mood, overwhelming feelings of self-blame, guilt, and worthlessness, appetite disturbance in a recurrent thought of death or suicide. The study revealed that the effective prevalence and treatment for psychiatric clients will enhance management of the psychosocial disorder and the recovering of health well- being of the psychiatric patient’s clinic. The study concluded and recommends that the psychiatric disorders and violent crime were assessed through medical examination and national registers with reported incident psychotic symptoms. The pattern of inner experience and behaviour of violent crime is a significant health problem causing severe medical and social problems, considerable human suffering a huge economic cost. The prevalence of crime rates may supply more information about criminal behaviour than crime registers because of the high rate of unregistered less severe violent crime and therefore underestimate the psychiatric disorders and criminal behaviour.

The effectiveness of Friends program training on behavioral disorders of children with separation anxiety disorder

Aim: The current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of Friends program training on behavioral disorders of children with separation anxiety disorder. Method: The current research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research includes all children referred to behavioral disorders treatment clinics in the west of Tehran. The sampling method was available and was done on 7 to 12-year-old children with separation anxiety disorder, and they were randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and 15 second (control) groups. Then the experimental group underwent intervention for 10 sessions, 2 sessions of 30 to 45 minutes per week. The research tools included Achenbach's Child Behavior Inventory and Asghari Nikah et al.'s Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy Intervention Protocol (2012) as well as the Friends training program designed by Barat (1990) and finally data were analyzed using the covariance analysis method and SPSS version 21 software. Results: The results showed that the training of Friends program for behavioral disorders of anxiety/depression (F=11.04, P<0.001), isolation/depression (F=10.21, P<0.001), physical complaints (F=10.08, P<0.001), social problems (F=11.41, P<0.001), thinking problems (F= 9.17, P<0.001), attention problems (F= 11.75, P<0.001), Law-breaking behavior (F=9.81, P<0.001) and behavior (F=10.16, P<0.001) of children with separation anxiety disorder were effective. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that Friends program training can be used to improve the behavioral disorders of children suffering from separation anxiety disorder

The effectiveness of the program based on mentalization and mindfulness (mother and child) in behavioral and emotional problems of primary school children

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the program based on mindfulness and mindfulness (mother and child) in behavioral and emotional problems of primary school children. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The sampling method was voluntary. The volunteers of the experimental group were given a pre-test before the implementation of mentalizing interventions, and after the intervention, a post-test and the control group did not receive any intervention, but they also took a pre-test and a post-test. The sample group of first and second year primary school students had behavioral problems. The experimental group was trained in mindfulness sessions in eight sessions (Burdick, 2014). The research tool included the Achenbach-Child Behavior Inventory (Achenbach and Rescorella, 2007). In this research, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to check the difference in means and data analysis was done with the help of SPSS 24 software. Results: The results showed that mentalization-based treatment on children's behavioral problems in the areas of anxiety/depression (F=78.35, P<0.001), withdrawal/depression (F=16.95, P<0.001) P < 0), physical complaints (F=19.65, P<0.001), thinking problems (F = 60.34, P<0.001), law-breaking behavior (F=12.86, P<0.001) and aggressive behavior (F=79.61, P<0.001) were effective. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the program based on mindfulness and mindfulness (mother and child) can be used to reduce the behavioral and emotional problems of primary school children.

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL AUDIT, RISK MANAGEMENT, WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM AND BIG DATA ANALYTICS ON THE FINANCIAL CRIME BEHAVIOR PREVENTION

This study provides a critical review of the literature that examines and analyses how Fraud Prevention mediates the Effect of Internal Audit, Risk Management, Whistle Blowing System and Big Data Analytics on the Prevention of Financial Crime Behaviour. The problem discussed in this study is the limited strategic formulation in risk management, internal audit, whistleblowing system and big data analytics for early detection for fraud prevention and prevention of financial crime behavior in Indonesia, especially the problem of fraud that occurs in the Sumatra Regional Government, namely in Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, South Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, Jambi, West Sumatra, Bengkulu and Lampung. Various kinds of scientific studies that have been carried out provide clues that the skills mismatch on the impact of fraud and financial crime behavior is still a fundamental polemic that will continue to hamper the productivity and competitiveness of various economic and industrial sectors in Regional Governments in Indonesia. To prepare for the emerging discourse, this research refers to 90 articles published in leading academic journals, discussing related topics from the early 1990s to 2021. Therefore, the formulation of the problem in this study: (1) How does Internal Audit influence prevention fraud, (2) How does Risk Management influence fraud prevention, (3) How does Whistleblowing system influence fraud prevention, (4) How big data analytics influence fraud prevention, (5) How fraud prevention mediates the influence of Internal Audit, Risk Management, whistleblowing system and big data analytics to prevent financial crime behavior.

Images of criminal behavior of Thug crime according to the Provisions of Jordanian legislation

Abstract The Jordanian legislator was keen to criminalize thug crime under the Jordanian amended Penal Code No. 10 of 2022 by adding a new article, Article (415) bis, after it was found that traditional legal texts are no longer sufficient to achieve deterrence and restraint, as they are limited to certain types of crimes, such as threats, extortion and robbery. This study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The Jordanian legislator was alerted to the noticeable spread of thug crime and tribute payments in recent years, especially after the case of the Zarqa boy. As this crime intimidated citizens and is seen as a flagrant threat to their security and safety. The best option was to amend the Jordanian Penal Code by adding a text criminalizing thug crime and tightening the penalty to punish anyone who was tempted to infringe on people or their property. The most important recommendations of this study are to appoint a special type of urgent judiciary to consider cases of thug crimes, or making its jurisdiction to the State Security Court, besides allocating their own prisons in reform and rehabilitation centers due to their criminal danger. Keywords: Criminal behavior, Crime, thug, Legislation.

Addressing Hate Crime in the 21st Century: Trends, Threats, and Opportunities for Intervention

Hate crimes, often referred to as bias-motivated crimes, have garnered greater public attention and concern as political rhetoric in the United States and internationally has promoted the exclusion of people based on their group identity. This review examines what we know about the trends in hate crime behavior and the legal responses to this problem across four main domains. First, we describe the legal framework and recent attempts to expand hate crime protections beyond historically disenfranchised groups. Second, we examine recent trends and patterns of hate crime victimization. Third, we review what is known about those who perpetrate hate crimes and those who experience hate crime victimization. Finally, we examine the efficacy of efforts to respond to and prevent hate crime. This review examines a wide range of bias-motivated harms and suggests how future research and policy can be more inclusive of victimization extending beyond traditionally understood hate crimes.