Lavender Group Research Articles

The Effects of Lavender and Rosemary Extracts on Sore Throat and Hoarseness After Endotracheal Intubation in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

PurposeThis study aimed to compare the effects of lavender and rosemary extracts on sore throat and hoarseness after endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. DesignRandomized clinical trial. MethodsThis study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy at Bahonar Hospital in Kerman in 2021. The patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups: lavender, rosemary, and control. After general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, an anesthesiologist put sterile gauzes impregnated with 3 cc of rosemary and lavender extracts into patients’ throats in the intervention groups, while the control group received 3 cc of distilled water. After the surgery, the gauzes and tracheal tubes were removed and the patients were transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), their sore throat and hoarseness were measured and recorded during and 2 to 6 to 24 hours after recovery. A significance level of < .05 was considered. FindingsThe study results showed a significant difference in the severity of sore throat between the 3 groups 2, 6, and 24 hours after surgery; sore throat in the rosemary group and then in the lavender group was lower than that in the control group (P < .05). The results also indicated a significant difference in hoarseness intensity between the three groups 2 and 6 hours after surgery; hoarseness intensity in the rosemary and lavender groups was lower than that in the control group, but it was not different between 3 groups 24 hours after surgery (P < .05). ConclusionsRosemary and lavender extracts had a positive effect on sore throat and hoarseness. As these herbs cause no complications in patients and are available and inexpensive, further studies are necessary to confirm the use of these herbs during intubation.

Healing Advantages of β-Sitosterol Cream in Comparison with Lavender Essential Oil in Episiotomy Wounds

The pain intensity during the baseline visit among Lavender group were mild 3 (10%) , moderate 16 (53.3%), and sever 11 (36.7%), in comparison to β-sitosterol 1(3.3%), 16 (53.3%), and 13(43.3%) respectively , among control group were 3(3.3%), 15(50 %) and 14(46.7%) respectively. The pain intensity during day 7 visit among Lavender group were no pain 12(40%), mild 18(60%), and moderate 0(0%), in comparison to β-sitosterol 6 (20%), 19(63.3%), and 5(16.7%) respectively, among control group were 6(20%), 6(60%) and 18(60%) respectively, this difference was statistically significant. The pain intensity during day 14 visit among Lavender group were no pain 30(100%), and mild 0(0%), in comparison to β-sitosterol 26 (86.7%), and 4(13.3%), respectively. Regarding redness; was no redness among 16 (53.3%), 14(46.7%) mild redness, and moderate redness 0(0%) of the Lavender group in comparison to 10(33.3%), mild 18(60%), and moderate 2 (6.7%) among β-sitosterol group, and 2(6.7%), 20(66.7%) and 8(26.7%) among control group respectively, this relation were statically significant. Regarding edema; was no edema 21(70%), and mild edema 9(30%) among Lavender group in comparison to 12 (40%), mild 16(53.3%) among β-sitosterol group, and 6(20%), and 16(53.3%) among control group, this relation were statically significant. Discharge was none 10(33.3%), and 16(53.3%) among Lavender group in comparison to 4(13.3%), mild 24(80%) among β-sitosterol group, and 4(13.3%), and 12(40%) among control group, this relation were statically significant P value &lt; 0.05. Approximation was (good) closed wound sites among 14(46.7%), and mild approximation among 13(43.3%) of Lavender group in comparison to good 6(20%), mild 22 (73.3%) among β-sitosterol group, and 6(20%), and 18(60%) among control group. Lavender can be used as a suitable therapy for postpartum episiotomy wound care. There is no side effect found among the patients. β-sitosterol is also good in the treatment of the postpartum episiotomy wound but had lower effect than Lavender with higher price. Keyword: β-sitosterol versus Lavender in Episiotomy, β-sitosterol in Episiotomy, Lavender Essential Oil in Episiotomy Corresponding author: Rawaa Khalid Khalaf (rawaakalid7@gmail.com)

Lavender aromatherapy: Its effect on preoperative anxiety and propofol requirement for anesthesia

Background &amp; objective: Preoperative anxiety is a natural human psychology, and the physicians usually prescribe tranquillizers to allay the anxiety of their anxiety. Various other means have also been employed for this purpose. We aimed to investigate the impact of lavender aromatherapy on preoperative anxiety and propofol requirement at induction of anesthesia.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 108 female patients were enrolled in the study, and their anxiety levels were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at three different time points. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (Lavender Group) patients were given lavender aromatherapy via a cotton strip infused with two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil, while the patients in Group B (Control Group) had no aromatherapy.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the lavender aromatherapy significantly reduced anxiety in Group A (P &lt; 0.001) compared to Group B, and the mean differences of VAS scores for all anxiety assessments were also significantly reduced in Group A (P &lt; 0.000). In addition, the mean total amount of propofol required was significantly less in Group A than in Group B (118.46 ± 40.01 vs 140.38 ± 35.29 mg; P = 0.003), while the mean duration to reach loss of consciousness was similar in both groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that lavender aromatherapy can be a simple, safe, and cost-effective way to reduce preoperative anxiety and decrease the amount of propofol required for the induction of anesthesia. Therefore, the use of lavender aromatherapy may be a valuable addition to the preoperative care of patients undergoing elective surgeries.&#x0D; Abbreviations: APAIS- Amsterdam Preoperative and Information Scale; LOC- Loss of Consciousness; OT- Operation Theatre; OR- Operating Room; STAI- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS- Visual Analogue Scale&#x0D; Key words: Aromatherapy; Benzodiazepines; Lavender; Anxiety, Preoperative; Propofol; Anxiety / therapy; Anxiety Disorders&#x0D; Citation: Rahman RA, Vasu Dewan MM, Sayed Masri SNN, Mokhtar MN, Abdullah FH, Md Nor N. Lavender aromatherapy: Its effect on preoperative anxiety and propofol requirement for anesthesia. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(1):20−25; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i1.2376&#x0D; Received: April 26, 2023; Reviewed: November 22, 2023; Accepted: November 22, 2023

Alleviating effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and its major components on postherpetic pain: a randomized blinded controlled trial

BackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) causes severe pain which can lead to decreased quality-of-life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inhalation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil and its major components (linalool and linalyl acetate) on the pain in patients with PHN.MethodsThis study was performed at an outpatient clinic. Sixty-four patients with postherpetic neuralgia were randomly allocated to a control group (almond oil) or one of three experimental groups (lavender oil, linalool, or linalyl acetate diluted in almond oil at concentration of 1% v/v), and the participants inhaled the aroma by natural breathing. Quality, severity, and intensity of pain were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsSix patients discontinued the intervention for personal reasons; hence, data from 58 patients were analyzed (control group, n = 14; 1% lavender oil group, n = 15; 1% linalool, n = 15; 1% linalyl acetate, n = 14). Reduction in sensory pain was greater in the 1% lavender oil group, 1% linalool group, and 1% linalyl acetate group than in the control group (all P < 0.001). Reduction in affective pain was greater in the 1% lavender group (P < 0.001) and the 1% linalool group (P = 0.007) than in the control group. Decreases in pain severity and intensity were significantly greater in all three intervention groups than in the control group.ConclusionsInhalation of lavender oil and its major volatile components effectively reduced the quality, severity, and intensity of postherpetic pain, suggesting that lavender oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate may each be an effective intervention for reducing pain in patients with postherpetic neuralgia.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered on the Clinical Research Information Service. Registration number: KCT0007772, first registration 06/10/2022.

Comparative Evaluation between Lavender Essential Oil and Patchouli Essential Oil in Aromatherapy and Its Effect on Dental Anxiety in Children.

Dental fear and anxiety is the most common distressing problem for children. Management of dental anxiety in children is one of the most difficult tasks in dentistry. Recently, alternative and contemporary medical approaches such as aromatherapy have received much attention. The potential effects of essential oils such as lavender and patchouli have been found to reduce anxiety, improve mood, and increase sedation. Thus, the study was conducted to compare the evaluation of lavender and patchouli essential oils used in aromatherapy and their effect on dental anxiety in children. To compare the efficacy of lavender and patchouli essential oils in aromatherapy and its effect on dental anxiety in children. A total of 60 children between 6 and 12 years were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control group that received lavender and patchouli before dental treatment. Child anxiety was measured by using the Chotta Bheem-Chutki scale. A pulse oximeter was used to record the pulse rate. Data was tabulated and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. There was a significant reduction in anxiety score and pulse rate between the intervals. Statistical differences were observed in the lavender group compared to patchouli oil. The positive effects of both lavender and patchouli oil on children can be used to reduce anxiety in children. In our study, lavender oil showed slightly better results than patchouli oil. Tripathy S, Kohli A, Sharma K, et al. Comparative Evaluation between Lavender Essential Oil and Patchouli Essential Oil in Aromatherapy and Its Effect on Dental Anxiety in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):681-685.

The effect of lavender foot baths on postoperative pain and sleep quality in comparison with foot baths with warm water only—A prospective randomized controlled study

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of warm water (WW) foot bath with or without lavender oil for pain and sleep quality in the patients who undergone abdominal surgeries. Materials and methodThis study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled. The three study groups were defined as the control group (n = 44), the WW foot bath group (n = 46), WW foot bath with the lavender group (n = 40). Foot baths were done for 20 min with 40 °C every night for 3 days after surgery. Visual Analogue Scale and Richard–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire were used during data collection. ResultsA total of 130 patients, mean age 55.99 ± ± 13.05 years, 66 male (51 %), 103 of whom underwent abdominal surgery, were included in the study. When the patients during the postoperative three days were evaluated, decreased pain score and increased sleep quality both the WW and WW foot bath with lavender groups (p < 0.001). Noise-related sleep quality was detected to be lesser in the control group patients on the 3rd day (p < 0.001). ConclusionWW foot bath with or without lavender oil is an uncomplicated, economical, and effective complementary therapy to reduce postoperative pain and improve sleep quality. WW foot baths with essential oils are optionally available in clinics and can be used according to patients' preferences.

Changes in Salivary Oxytocin Level of Term Pregnant Women after Aromatherapy Footbath for Spontaneous Labor Onset: A Non-Randomized Experimental Study.

Aromatherapy is usually used to stimulate labor. However, its specific physiological effects have been scarcely examined. We evaluated whether an aromatherapy footbath increases oxytocin levels in term pregnant women. In this quasi-experimental study, low-risk term pregnant women in Japan underwent aromatherapy using a footbath (1) infused with clary sage and lavender essential oils, (2) infused with jasmine oil, or (3) with no infused oils (control group). The primary outcome was the salivary oxytocin level. The secondary outcomes were uterine contractions and cortisol levels. In the clary sage and lavender group (n = 28), the oxytocin level increased significantly after the footbath (p = 0.035). The jasmine group (n = 27) and control group (n = 27) exhibited trends toward a respective increase and decrease in the oxytocin level; however, the changes in the oxytocin levels between the clary sage and lavender group and the control group showed no significance difference. There were no significant differences in the changes in the uterine contractions and cortisol levels between the experiment and control groups. The changes in the oxytocin levels in the clary sage and lavender group did not differ significantly with those in the control group, possibly because of the small sample size. Further studies are required to examine the effects of repeated aromatherapy footbaths to stimulate labor.

Dental pain perception and emotional changes: on the relationship between dental anxiety and olfaction

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to determine to what extent olfactory aromatherapy reduces the intensity of dental pain and the level of dental anxiety. It also attempted to corelate between olfactory aromatherapy, stages of dental visits, and various dental procedures.MethodsFemale patients were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. Olfactory aromatherapy was performed using lavender oils. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the lavender group, in which patients inhaled 2% lavender vapors, and the control group, in which patients inhaled water vapors. Pain score, anxiety score, and changes in vital signs were among the predictable variables. Anxiety and pain were assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and visual analog scales (VAS). The vital signs were systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (Spo2). Variables were evaluated before inhalations, 20 min after inhalations, at the end of settings, and on the following day.ResultsEach group had 175 participants. Pain and anxiety scores were significantly reduced, and all vital signs improved, except for DBP. The MDAS, STAI, and pain scores are reduced by 3.4, 4.2, and 2.4 times, respectively, compared to the control group. Olfactory aromatherapy had the greatest impact during the phase of waiting rooms.ConclusionWhen compared to the control group, olfactory aromatherapy reduces anxiety scores three to four times more. Pain perception is reduced by twice as much as in the control group. It also significantly reduces the anxiety associated with minor to moderately stressful dental procedures.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) syrup as an adjunct to standard care in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: An open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with clinical signs characterized by fever, fatigue and cough. Our study aimed to assess the efficacy of a Persian medicine formulation, lavender syrup, as an add-on to standard care in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. In this clinical trial which was conducted in Gorgan (Iran), 84 male and female COVID-19 outpatients were randomly allocated to either lavender syrup receiving 9 ml/twice/day for 21 days with standard conventional care or control groups. The primary objectives were to assess the improvement of clinical symptoms, while the secondary objectives were treatment satisfaction and anxiety levels which were evaluated once a week for 3 weeks. Out of 84 participants, 81 were analyzed (41 in the add-on group). The comparison between groups for cough severity and anosmia showed a higher reduction in the lavender group. The effect size was 0.6 for cough relief. Other symptoms and the Hamilton total score decreased in both groups with no statistically significant differences between the groups. The lavender group showed greater patients' satisfaction score. Adjunctive therapy withlavender syrup could reduce coughandimprove the quality of lifein patients with COVID-19patients.

Comparison of Aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium and Lavender on Sexual Satisfaction in Breastfeeding Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aroma of Citrus aurantium and Lavender essence on sexual satisfaction in breastfeeding women. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial that was conducted on 180 breastfeeding women from January to May 2019. The participants were allocated to three groups of Citrus aurantium (n = 60), Lavender (n = 60), and control (n = 60) groups. Two groups of intervention used 2 drops of essential oil, twice a day, for 40 days as inhalation. The control group received almond oil in the same. The sexual satisfaction was evaluated using the Linda Berg's Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire before the intervention and 40 days after the intervention started. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 21, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After the 40 days of intervention, the mean score of sexual satisfaction was significantly higher in the Citrus aurantium and Lavender groups compared with the control group (59.3 ± 11.7, 59.3 ± 11.6 vs. 52.02 ± 11.5, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between Lavender and Citrus aurantium groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the aroma of Citrus aurantium and Lavender essence could significantly improve the sexual satisfaction of breastfeeding women. Therefore, it is recommended that health care providers should inform the breastfeeding women and advise them to use these interventions for increase of the sexual satisfaction. Trial Registration Number: IRCT20160427027633N3.

The effects of lavender oil and ice applications used in episiotomy care on episiotomy pain

Aim: The present study investigates the effects of lavender oil and ice applications on episiotomy pain and wound healing. Materials and Methods: This study was organized as a semi-randomized controlled type of research. A total of 96 term pregnant women who gave birth in the delivery service of Nazilli State Hospital and underwent episiotomy at birth, had a Visual Analog Skala (VAS) value greater than 3 and agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The patient information form, the Visual Analog Scale, and the REEDA Scale were used for data collection. The research data was analyzed using number, percentage, the chi-square test, the Kruskal Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, One-Way Anova test, Tukey HD test, and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Results: The mean VAS values of the groups before the application were 7.90±0.92 for the lavender group, 8.29±1.03 for the ice group, and 8.00±1.00 for the control group. In addition, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the VAS values between the groups after the application (p&amp;lt;0.05), and the mean VAS values in the intervention groups decreased (Lavender group 6.84±1.08, ice group 5.70±1.53). While there was no statistically significant difference in the mean REEDA recovery scores between the groups before the application (p=0.912), there was a statistically significant difference in the REEDA recovery scores of the intervention groups and the control group after the application (p=0.000). Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, lavender oil and ice applications used after labor reduce perineal pain and accelerate wound healing.

The Effect of Lavender on Anxiety and Hemodynamic Status Before Septorhinoplasy and Rhinoplasty

PurposeAnxiety is one of the most common problems before surgery and surgery of the nose is one of the most concerning and challenging surgeries among the plastic surgeries. The aim of this research is to consider the impact of lavender fragrance on anxiety and hemodynamics status before the septorhinoplasty and rhinoplasty. DesignParallel randomized control trial. MethodsThis research was done by testing thirty-four candidates who were about to have the surgery in two groups of lavender (intervention) and control. The anxiety before and after surgery was examined by the Speilberger State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire and the hemodynamics status. For the analysis, the T- Test, Mann Whitney Test and the χ2 Test were used. FindingsThe demographic features of the two groups were similar. Anxiety after the experiment was meaningful. The obvious anxiety in the lavender category was 25.8% and the controlled group had that decreased to 1.8%. The latent anxiety was reduced by 24.3% in the lavender group and increased by 8% in the controlled group. The systolic, diastolic and the heart rate after the intervention was less in the lavender group. ConclusionsDue to the ease of the inhalation of lavender and the lack of any report for the existence of any kind of side-effects for the prevention of anxiety during nose surgeries, it can be suggested that this approach can be effective for the controlling of the consistency of the patients’ hemodynamics.

Aroma trial: anxiety reduction during office procedural medicine using aromatherapy

To determine whether lavender aromatherapy, compared to placebo, during gynecologic (GYN) and urogynecologic (UROGYN) office procedures reduces participants’ post-procedure state anxiety score as measured by the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). To assess the intervention’s effect on participants’ satisfaction and perceived anxiety assessment and improvement. Women undergoing GYN and UROGYN office procedures who agreed to enrollment were randomized to lavender aromatherapy vs. placebo (water) delivered by a diffuser throughout the procedure. Participants and providers were blinded to study allocation. Participants completed the STAI form Y1 to measure baseline state anxiety levels before and after the procedure. The primary outcome was the change in STAI score. Following the procedure, women reported their satisfaction, patient global of impression of improvement (PGI-I) of procedural anxiety, and the degree to which their anxiety was addressed and helped by the lavender diffuser. Eighty-eight women, primarily Caucasian (69%), with a mean age of 57 years (SD 15), completed the study [44 in the lavender group and 44 in the water group]. Table 1 lists performed procedures. The decline in the STAI score was significantly higher for women assigned to lavender (M = -7.6, SD = 8.0) than for those assigned to water (M = -3.4, SD = 10.0). The mean difference in the delta STAI score for those assigned to lavender versus water was -4.2 (-8.1 to -0.3; p = .03). Further, compared to women assigned to water, those assigned to lavender were more likely to report improved PGI-I for procedural anxiety (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.09 – 6.28; p = .03), to report that their anxiety was addressed (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.02 – 5.58; p = .04) and that the diffuser helped (OR = 6.37, 95% CI: 2.73 – 14.86; p < .001). No difference in complete satisfaction was noted between those who did and did not receive lavender (79.6% versus 75%, respectively; p = 0.61). Diffused lavender aromatherapy during gynecologic and urogynecologic office procedures can lower women’s state anxiety levels and is associated with perceived improvement in procedural related anxiety.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) syrup on olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 infection: A pilot controlled clinical trial.

Objective:The effect of lavender syrup on COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been assessed in this study.Materials and Methods:This pilot clinical trial was conducted in Gonbad-E-Kavoos (Golestan province, Iran). Twenty-three outpatients with COVID-19 and OD in lavender group took 9 ml of lavender syrup/bid for 3 weeks along with the standard COVID-19 treatments and 20 patients in control group took only standard COVID-19 treatments. The severity of OD was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed by Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS software.Results:The mean± standard deviation of age was 36.6±9.1, and 42.6±10.4 years (p=0.05), and the duration of symptoms was 7.4±3.5, and 7.5±3.4 days (p=0.98) in the lavender and control group, respectively. The VAS score for OD decreased from 6.8±3.04 to 0.26±0.86 in the lavender group and from 5.3±3.4 to 1±2.61 in the control group. Although, VAS for OD was significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.001), the amount of VAS decrease was 6.6±2.9 scores in the lavender group, and 4.3±4 in the control group (p=0.03). No side effects were observed in the lavender group.Conclusion:The present study showed that lavender syrup is an effective treatment for COVID-19-induced OD. It is suggested to conduct further studies with larger sample size.

Using instant messaging applications to promote clinical teaching of medical students.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Telegram as an Instant messaging application in clinical teaching of medical students, especially clinical ward rounds. In this quasi-experimental study, Telegram as an Instant messaging application was employed. To do this, a Telegram group entitled as "Lavender" was created and then selected patients were divided between students and externs daily. After that, students and externs were asked to take medical histories, perform complete physical examinations, and then share their data in the Lavender group. Ultimately, to evaluate the effects of this intervention, two quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. From the students' point of view the highest average was associated with "Readiness for teaching round" (3.71 ± 1.34) and the lowest average was related to "Time-saving for studying about illnesses" (2.08 ± 1.44). In addition, medical trainees mentioned that reporting patients' daily medical histories and progress notes could create a reflective process. The suggestion made by many medical trainees was to select and discuss simpler cases who have more teaching points for them, while other trainees recommended focusing on common illnesses in the Lavender group. The use of messaging software applications such as Telegram in medical education has created a new paradigm, which could facilitate interpersonal interactions among trainees.

Efektivitas Aromaterapi Lavender dan Peppermint Terhadap Skala Nyeri Haid Pada Remaja Putri

Adolescent girls will experience changes in the reproductive system marked by menstruation. Menstruation experienced in adolescents is often accompanied by complaints of menstrual pain. Menstrual pain can interfere with daily activities, so it requires treatment to reduce menstrual pain. One way of handling that can be done is with aromatherapy. Lavender and peppermint aromatherapy is a treatment that uses lavender and peppermint essential oils which contain linalool and linalyl acetate which are useful for reducing menstrual pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy with peppermint on the menstrual pain scale in adolescent girls. The research design used was quantitative, quasi-experimental method with a two-group pre-test and post-test design with a sample of 14 respondents, 7 respondents in the lavender aromatherapy group and 7 respondents in the peppermint aromatherapy group. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling. The instrument used is a numerical rating scale (NRS). Data were processed by Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test. The results of this study indicate that lavender aromatherapy and lemon aromatherapy are effective in reducing menstrual pain scale with p value 0.001 (p &lt; 0.05). Levender aromatherapy and peppermint aromatherapy were effective in reducing menstrual pain scale, but there was no significant difference in reducing pain scale in both lavender and peppermint therapy groups.

Şok Dalga Litotripsi Uygulanan Hastalarda İnhaler Aromaterapinin Ağrı ve Anksiyete Üzerine Etkisi

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhaler aromatherapy on pain and anxiety during the shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) protocol. Material and Methods: This placebo-controlled prospective double-blind study included 120 patients who were scheduled to undergo SWL. Patients were randomly assigned a control placebo group 1 (n=40), the lavender group 2 (n=40), and the frankincense group 3 (n=40). The nebulizer (a rate of 2%) was prepared and operated on in the SWL room before the procedure. Data were collected using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-I). Results: Of the 120 patients included in the study, 67 (55.8%) were male and 53 (44.2%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 37.38±11.35 years. The mean stone size was 11.07±3.09 mm. There were no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of VAS scores of the patients after the procedure (p=0.557). While there was no statistically significant change in the STAI-I score in group 1 and group 2 after the procedure compared to the pre-procedure, a statistically significant decrease was detected in group 3 (p=0.030). The percentages of patients with changing STAI-I scores were compared, it was observed that the decrease in STAI-I score in group 2 and group 3 at a higher rate compared to group 1 (p=0.018). Conclusion: Frankincense reduced anxiety more significantly than lavender. Both had no significant effect on pain. Inhaler aromatherapy can be used in the SWL process to reduce anxiety and improve treatment compliance.

The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Techniques Training on Fear of Childbirth in Nulliparous Women With Insecure Attachment to Spouse

Background and Objectives: Delivery is a painful event, and the management fear of childbirth is of utmost importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy techniques training on fear of childbirth in nulliparous women with insecure attachment to spouse. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed in 2021 on 60 pregnant women in Birjand in the third trimester of pregnancy. Insecure attachment pregnant mothers were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided between three intervention groups 1 (Dialectical behavior therapy techniques training and Lavender aromatherapy), intervention group 2 aromatherapy with lavender and control group (aromatherapy with water). In order to collect data, demographic questionnaires, attachment to spouse and Harman fear of childbirth were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software version 25. Results: Intervention groups 1 (Dialectical behavior therapy techniques training and aromatherapy) In comparison with aromatherapy with lavender and control group showed significant effect on reducing fear of childbirth (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Dialectical behavioral therapy techniques combined with aromatherapy as an effective intervention to reduce fear of childbirth can be use in the health centers in pregnant women with insecure attachment to the husband.

Effectiveness of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on pain level and vital signs in children with burns: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundBurns are a source of pain, which cannot be fully treated with medications. ObjectivesThis study aims is to test the effectiveness of lavender oil inhalation aromatherapy applied before dressing change on vital signs and pain levels of children with burns. DesignThis randomized controlled study was held between May 2018 and May 2019. A total of 108 children who met the inclusion criteria were studied in three groups: Lavender-15 Group inhaled lavender oil for 15 min before dressing (n:36), Lavender-60 Group inhaled lavender oil for 60 min before dressing (n:36), and Control Group inhaled jojoba (placebo) oil for 15 min before dressing (n:36). Baseline pain levels and vital signs of the children were measured before inhalation. Pain levels and vital signs of the children were re-measured at the 1st and 30th minutes after dressing. ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups in terms of pain levels (p = 0.750) and vital signs before dressing. In post-dressing measurements, the number of respiration (after 1 min p = 0.000, after 30 min p = 0.000), heart rate (after 1 min p = 0.000, after 30 min p = 0.000), mean arterial blood pressure (after 1 min p = 0.010, after 30 min p = 0.000) and pain levels (after 1 min p = 0.000, after 30 min p = 0.000) were lower in the Lavender groups compared to the placebo group. DiscussionThe result of this research reveals that inhalation aromatherapy which applied before dressing in children with burns affects the reduction of pain levels and stabilization of vital signs.

Comparing the Effects of Lavender Oil and Olive Oil Massage on Pain due to Muscular Cramp during Hemodialysis

Background: Pain due to muscular cramp during hemodialysis is one of the most common problems experienced by patient undergoing hemodialysis, and is associated with poor outcomes of patients. The main aim of this study was to comparing the effects of lavender oil and olive oil massage on Pain due to muscular cramp during hemodialysis.&#x0D; Methods: In this random clinical trial, 60 hemodialysis patients were enrolled randomly and allocated to two groups with 30 members in Lordegan and Brojen hospitals, Shahrekord, Iran. The intervention included flora massage on the lower leg muscles so that the first group received olive oil massage (10 drops) and the second group received lavender oil massage (10 drops) for four weeks. After a tow week washout period, the groups were interchanged. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS (v.22) using repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test.&#x0D; Findings: Pain due to muscular cramp in the lavender group was significantly less than that of the olive oil group in the 2nd (p&lt;0.001), 3rd (p&lt;0.001), and 4th (P&lt;0.019) weeks of intervention.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pain due to muscular cramp in hemodialysis patients can be attenuated with lower leg massage using olive oil and lavender oil. Lavender oil was more effective than olive oil.