Latin American People Research Articles

Rotating-Hinge Total Knee Arthroplasty: Clinical and Radiographic Results from a Medium-Term, Multi-Center Study in a Latin American Population

Background: Hinged prostheses are a good choice in the setting of complex knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the results could be different in the Latin-American people. Methods: A retrospective follow-up was performed. Seventy-six patients underwent pTKA using hinged prosthesis from 2012 to 2017. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Functional results were assessed using Oxford Knee Score (OKS), OKS-APQ (Activity and Participation Questionnaire) and KOOS-12. Radiologic assessment was performed at each follow-up. In all the surgeries the rotating-hinge prosthesis solved the cases of complex knee surgery. Results: Seventy-six patients underwent pTKA using hinged prosthesis from 2012 to 2017. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Functional results were assessed using Oxford Knee Score (OKS), OKS-APQ (Activity and Participation Questionnaire) and KOOS-12. Radiologic assessment was performed at each follow-up. In all the surgeries the rotating-hinge prosthesis solved the cases of complex knee surgery. Hinge prostheses for complex knee arthroplasty in Latin-American people have a 10-year survivorship of 90.8% which is within the range of 51% to 92.5%, shown in a recent literature review of non-Latin American world population. Conclusions: Rotating Hinge prostheses are a good option for patients with major deformities, grade 3 ligament instability, neurological sequalae that compromises the knee joint and severe bone loss. The Latin-American population shows a similar behavior in terms of survivorship in comparison with the literature from the rest of the world. However, comparative studies with greater statistical power are needed to show more accurate conclusions. Level of Evidence: Level III

Different perspectives on Latin American identity

The given research article deals with the discussion of issues concerning the identity of the Latin American people by examining its history and cultural representations as well as modern perceptions. Latin American people had a mixture of cultures in their own identity, as many ethnicities, such as pre-Columbian civilizations, colonial Europe, Africans, and contemporary socio-political movements, influenced them. To undertake this investigation, the study explores diverse multicultural views originating from different regions and people from social, political, and ethnic origins to acquire a perfect understanding of what it means to be a Latin American individual. This is evident in demonstrating the influence of the colonial past, the rich heritage of indigenous and African communities, and the dynamic nature of identity in provoking the problems of the present day as characterized by globalization, immigration, and change in leadership. Based on the case studies of Brazil, Mexico, and Bolivia, the article emphasizes that despite the diverse members of the region’s population, the residents continue to strive to create a united Latin American subject. The conclusion reiterates the authors’ approach to embracing this complex history and the fight for social justice in creating a united and integrated Latin American people.

An Exploration of China’s Image Perception, Influencing Factors and Communication Strategies from a Latin American Perspective — An Empirical Study Based on the 2001–2023 Latin American Barometer

The world is undergoing a great change that has not been seen in a 100 years, and the international situation and international pattern are changing profoundly. In order to promote China’s “going out” and explore China–Latin America relationship to build a better national image, this paper, based on the 2001–2023 Latin American Barometer, 2001–2023 Pew Global Attitudes Survey, China Knowledge Network database and 2001–2023 Chinese government website’s reports on Latin America, government website’s reports on Latin America and Africa, tries to discuss Latin American people’s perceptions of China’s national image. This study mainly used Octopus, SPSS and other tools to crawl and analyze the data. The study found that there is a correlation between China’s national image and its national image.

Religion and Migration in Latin America and Among Latin American People in Other Parts of the World

Religion and Migration in Latin America and Among Latin American People in Other Parts of the World

Varying circumstances surrounding opioid toxicity deaths across ethno-racial groups in Ontario, Canada: a population-based descriptive cross-sectional study

IntroductionThe North American toxic drug crisis has been framed as an epidemic primarily affecting white people. However, evidence suggests that deaths are rising among racialised people. Accordingly, we sought to...

Molecular Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Humans of Latin America: A Systematic Review.

Blastocystis spp. are among the few enteric parasites with a prevalence that can reach up to approximately 80% in communities of developing countries. This systematic review updates and summarizes available literature on the molecular prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Latin American people. This work follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The literature revised covers from 1 January 2015 to 6 October 2023 in seven different scientific databases, and the material was selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to data found in the 36 selected articles, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in Latin America ranged between 5.8% (Bolivian rural communities) and 94.0% (Colombian general public). Generally, genomic DNA was extracted from approximately 200 mg fecal sediments using commercial kits, such as the QIAamp Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) or the Norgen Stool DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek Corporation, Thorold, ON, Canada). Subtype-specific primers (such as the couple of primers BhRDr-RD5) developed from unique sequences of the SSU rRNA gene were applied to Blastocystis subtyping. Ten specific subtypes (STs) were found as well as various mixed infections, and the most circulating Blastocystis STs were in the order ST3, ST1, ST2, and ST4. The most recent data about Blastocystis spp. molecular epidemiology and the STs in communities of Latin America are limited to studies from specific countries. Novel scientific data from the other countries are required to obtain a complete picture and truly understand the distribution and prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and the STs.

The impact of corruption in the development of Latin America

One of the most perverse effects of corruption is its impact in developing countries, specifically in Latin America, where corruption drags the region into poverty, social exclusion, political instability, inefficient governance, scarcity of public services, violation of human rights, and lack of justice for the most vulnerable people. Not to mention the impact of this phenomenon on economic growth. Every year US$1 trillion is paid in bribes, while an estimated US$2.6 trillion are stolen annually through corruption – a sum equivalent to more than 5 per cent of the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In developing countries, according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), many funds are lost due to corruption; it is estimated at 10 times the amount of official development assistance (ODA). The present article presents the consequences of corruption in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, where corruption not only affects the economic growth of the region, but also the income per capita and the social and human development of Latin American people. The article is divided into three areas with different sections. The first one shows the possibilities and resources of Latin America and the role of corruption to break the advance of the Latin American countries. The second one presents the effects of corruption in the public services mainly education and health. The third one exposes the consequences of corruption in the increase of inequality in the region. Finally, recommendations are presented, offering some key areas to be improved.

Latin American Social Integration as a Methodological Lens for Francis’s Teaching

Over the past ten years of Francis’s pontificate, a transversal axis cutting across all his writings is his appreciation for the importance of social integration in Latin America. For the pope, humanity must gradually move toward greater and better forms of encounter, integration, and inclusion—that is, toward the “Great Homeland.” His experiences in South America have led him to a contextually situated conviction about the importance of concrete encounter and inclusion that has transferred to his universal teaching and, in this sense, forged his pontifical teaching from the margins. Turning to a specific corpus of papal texts written for Latin American people, we will analyze the methodological assumptions of this whole program of integration thought for the global community.

The Quality of Life of Latin American Immigrants and Refugees in New Zealand

Introduction: This research explores how Latin American refugees and immigrants living in New Zealand define the quality of life. The main reason for conducting this investigation was the lack of academic research on Latin American refugees and Immigrants in New Zealand. Objective: The purpose of this research is to contribute to the development of research on Latin American people in New Zealand, to discover the factors de impact the quality of life of these people in New Zealand, and what can be done to improve their quality of life. Methodology: Ethnographic and autoethnographic were the methodologies used in this study. Also, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants. Results: The findings of this research show that the definitions of quality of life given by the participants are aligned with those of the academic literature. For example, the participants believe that quality of life means having sufficient financial resources to live with dignity. They also think that it is necessary to feel at peace, tranquillity, happy and safe to enjoy a true quality of life. Conclusion: In summary, this research presents the definitions of quality of life given by Latin American refugees and immigrants in New Zealand and the factors that contribute to quality of life.

Characterizing non-communicable disease trends in undocumented migrants over a period of 10 years in Italy

Undocumented migrants represent a large part of the population in Countries of the European Union (EU) such as Italy. Their health burden is not fully understood and likely to be related mainly to chronic conditions. Information on their health needs and conditions may help to target public health interventions but is not found in national public health databases. We conducted a retrospective observational study of non-communicable disease (NCD) burden and management in undocumented migrants receiving medical care from Opera San Francesco, a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Milan, Italy. We analyzed the health records of 53,683 clients over a period of 10 years and collected data on demographics, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments prescribed. 17,292 (32.2%) of clients had one or more NCD diagnosis. The proportion of clients suffering from at least one NCD increased from 2011 to 2020. The risk of having an NCD was lower in men than women (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.86–0.89), increased with age (p for trend < 0.001) and changed with ethnicity. African and Asian migrants had a lower risk than Europeans of cardiovascular diseases (RR 0.62 CI 0.58–0.67, RR 0.85 CI 0.78–0.92 respectively) and mental health disorders (RR 0.66 CI 0.61–0.71, RR 0.60 CI 0.54–0.67 respectively), while the risk was higher in Latin American people (RR 1.07 CI 1.01–1.13, RR 1.18 CI 1.11–1.25). There was a higher risk of diabetes in those from Asia and Latin America (RR 1.68 CI 1.44–1.97, RR 1.39 CI 1.21–1.60). Overall, migrants from Latin America had the greatest risk of chronic disease and this was true for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and mental health disorders. Undocumented migrants demonstrate a significantly different health burden of NCDs, which varies with ethnicity and background. Data from NGOs providing them with medical assistance should be included in structuring public health interventions aimed at the prevention and treatment of NCDs. This could help to better allocate resources and address their health needs.

The role of hat in the self-identification of Latin American peoples

The diversity of Latin American hats is determined by the climatic and geographical characteristics of the area of residence of different nations, as well as socio-economic factors, however, inter-ethnic ties play a key role, as well as the historically accumulated cultural experience of the ethnic group, which is reflected in the national costume. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the thesis that the headdress, in addition to protective, informational, aesthetic and other functions, has a function of self-identification and, as a result, an educational function, which consists in transfering from generation to generation the knowledge about national culture and history, as well as in the formation in the subconscious of younger generations of ethnodifferentiating and ethno-consolidating signs. To achieve this goal, methods of description, comparison and observation, classic for cultural research, as well as a hypothetical-deductive method are used. Studying the history of the emergence and peculiarities of hat-wear in a number of countries in Latin America, as well as comparing them with each other, it is concluded that the Latin American hats concentratively reflects the worldview of the people. It is a kind of cultural metasymbol, through which the transfer of spiritual values takes place and the mechanism of ethnocultural self-identification of the people is preserved. Being an element of the national costume, one of the forms of public consciousness, it reflects reality, but in a special way, being a carrier of both national and personal, as well as class cultural values. Wearing a hat is not just a tradition for Ecuadorians, Bolivians, Mexicans, Colombians and other peoples of the region. The headdress represents a symbol of the commonality of the nation.

Quality of Life of Latin-American People with Neuromuscular Disorders and Their Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire population, especially the population with chronic diseases. This study aimed to describe the quality of life of children and adults with neuromuscular diseases and their caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A observational correlational study was conducted. Forty-seven participants, including adults with NMD and caregivers of children with NMD, took part in the study. The WHOQOL-BREF and PedsQL 4.0 GCS and FIM scales were used. The PedsQL indicated a mean of 55.85 (SD = 22.05) for children, and a mean of 55.76 (SD = 16.72) for caregivers. Adults reported a mean of 67 (SD = 22.5) for their general perception of quality of life, and a M = 53 (SD = 28.25) for their perception on health. The results showed regular to low quality of life of all children, adults, and caregivers, mainly in the physical dimension for people with neuromuscular diseases, and in the concerns dimension for caregivers. These results warn about the physical and psychological vulnerability situation in which this population finds itself.

Decolonialismo e identidad cultural en América Latina: Herencia Bio-Psico-Social

Since the arrival of colonialism in America, it aimed to impose a new identity on the native inhabitants, a fact that affected all areas of life of the indigenous peoples. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the system of relationships developed in this struggle of the native peoples maintains a legacy that continues to influence the cultural identity of the Latin American peoples to this day. This is a documentary-type study, taking as an example the existence in Venezuela of a Psychopathic load, as a possible result of that inheritance imposed since colonial times. The theoretical review of several authors makes reference to this inherited psychopathic burden, which is expressed in events such as: homicides and other types of violence, in addition to some problems evident in daily social life. The results of the shared documentary analysis assume that this load of aggressiveness could have been inherited from conflicts generated from the first Spanish conquerors. However, other authors point out that the wars of independence broke with the continuity of our Identity. Finally, we reflect on initiating a change of attitude from the colonial/modernity relationship and strengthening the attitude towards the decolonial, which warrants abandoning and moving away from that social catastrophe that delves into non-human behavior and precisely taking a turn towards restoration of the subjective and material human nature.

Maracay espacio y memoria: Itinerario Cultural para el reconocimiento arquitectónico de la ciudad jardín en Venezuela

Itineraries constitute an interesting tool to promote the cultural wealth of Latin American peoples. In this research, field work is carried out with documentary support to carry out an essay on architectural recognition, as one of the dimensions within the cultural knowledge of the city of Maracay, located in the central north coastal region of Venezuela and cataloged as the garden city of this country, for its natural resources and pleasant climate. The work serves as a reference point to be applied in other spaces, standing out for the diversity of heritage and social interactions of the city as a cultural heritage. Constituting a way of carrying out historical tours to the extent that the description of the urban architectural cultural heritage is carried out.

Features of the historical self-identification of the “Philosophy of Liberation”: the role of the intellectual personality

This article examines the views of Latin American philosophers on the process of formation of the Latin American subject of history, its characteristic features, as well as the role of the intellectual in this process. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the position of the prominent Argentine philosopher A. A. Roig, and to compare his position with the position of another well-known representative of the philosophy of liberation (E. Dussel). In this paper therefore, Roig's works devoted to the philosophical interpretation of the process of formation and development of Latin American national thought are analyzed. It is established that in the writings of this thinker the activity of Latin American people appears as the activity of a single collective subject of history. During the study, we conclude that both philosophers (Roig and Dussel), come to the same idea in different ways: the intellectual identity of the Latin American collective subject of history is based on the history of interaction between the people of Latin America and Europe, unique in its dramatic nature and same for the entire continent. The work uses mainly the historical and bibliographic method, as well as the method of comparative analysis.

Family cluster of Chagas disease among Bolivian immigrants in Italy: High rate of maternal-fetal transmission

BackgroundChagas disease (CD) or American trypanosomiasis is a neglected anthropozoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi that affects 6–8 million people worldwide (mainly in Latin America), 30–40% of whom develop cardiac or digestive complications. Once confined to endemic areas of Latin America, CD has more recently become a global disease as a result of migration flows from endemic to non-endemic regions, particularly in northern America and Europe. Congenital transmission is a particular challenge as it may be sustained for multiple generations and perpetuate the infection even in non-endemic countries. MethodsSubjects were identified during a cross-sectional survey of CD among Latin American people living in Milan, Italy. Serology was carried out using tests based on either a lysate and a recombinant antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi. They were also tested by a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the 330 bp variable region of the T. cruzi kinetoplast minicircle genome and a commercial real-time PCR. ResultsWe here describe a Bolivian family cluster with seven affected people with at least two autochthonous congenital T. cruzi infection which was identified during the course of a CD screening programme. We also review the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of congenital CD, with particular emphasis on the challenges facing the control and management of such a complex and still largely hidden disease. ConclusionsOur experience confirms the need to screen for CD all family members once a case is diagnosed and shows the possible high rate of congenital CD also in non-endemic areas.

Nursing engagement in research priorities focused on health systems and services in Latin America countries

BackgroundA strong nursing research agenda in Latin America is fundamental to universal health coverage. Nursing science can make important contributions to the health of Latin American people through knowledge generation that directly informs nursing practice, professional education, and health policy.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional survey design to assess nursing involvement in health systems and services research in Latin America in five priority areas: Policies and education related to nursing human resources; Structure, organization and dynamics of health systems and services; Science, technology, innovation, and information systems in public health; Health policies, governance, and social control; and Social studies in the health field.ResultsNursing and midwifery participants (N = 856) from Latin American countries completed the survey. Respondents who reported conducting research focused primarily on Policies and Education related to Nursing Human Resources and Structure, Organization, and Dynamics of Health Systems and Services. Across the five priority areas, more nurses reported using research findings and/or being aware of research than conducting research.ConclusionsSurvey results indicate that nursing research in Latin America is currently disproportionately focused on nursing education and practice. More research focused on information technology, nurse’s impact on public health, and the threats posed by nurse migration is needed to better address health needs of Latin American populations.

Latin American Migrants in Australia: A Systematic Review of the Data and Literature

ABSTRACT Australia’s rapidly growing Latin American community is attracting increasing scholarly interest. This article builds a statistical and thematic profile of what we know from the scholarship about Latin Americans in Australia, and identifies key areas requiring further attention. Two methods were employed: (1) the first systematic review of the literature published to date on Latin American people in Australia; (2) a quantitative study of Latin Americans in Australia, using data extracted from the Australian Census 2016, and immigration information from 2016 to December 2019. Both focused on the question: “What do we know about the characteristics and adaptations of Latin American migrants in Australia, and what remains to be researched?” While there is considerable literature, many areas have been neglected. The most significant gaps are in the areas of political engagement; health and wellbeing (especially for children, men, and students); student experiences and pathways; gender; and trade and economics.

EBV associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: A comprehensive overview of clinical manifestations and novel therapeutic insights.

EBV is a ubiquitous virus that infects nearly all people around the world. Most infected people are asymptomatic and do not show serious sequelae, while others may develop Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive T and NK-cell lymphoproliferations characterised by EBV-infected T or NK cells. These disorders are more common in Asian and Latin American people, suggesting genetic predisposition as a contributing factor. The revised WHO classification classifies the lymphoproliferative diseases as: extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type (ENKTL), aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL), primary EBV-positive nodal T or NK cell lymphoma (NNKTL), systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of childhood (STCLC), systemic chronic active EBV infection (sys CAEBV), hydroa-vacciniforme (HV) andsevere mosquito bite allergy (SMBA). Recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Due to the infrequency of the diseases and broad clinicopathological overlap, the diagnosis and classification are challenging for both clinicians and pathologists. In this article, we aim to review the recent pathological findings which can be helpful for designing new drugs, clinical presentations and differential diagnoses, and suggested therapeutic interventions to provide a better understanding of these rare disorders.

The Trump Election and Attitudes toward the United States in Latin America

AbstractDid the election of Donald Trump have an immediate effect on trust in the US government in Latin America? While on the campaign trail, the Republican candidate used strong and derogatory language to describe Latin American countries and people and made policy proposals that could deteriorate US-Latin American relations. However, the effect of the Trump election on attitudes toward the United States might be null or minimal if Latin American citizens have strong priors and/or if they do not pay attention to political information. Therefore, it is not clear whether the 2016 election led to a rapid decline in trust in the US government in Latin America. Leveraging the timing of the field implementation of the 2016 wave of the AmericasBarometer in five Latin American countries, we estimate the effect of the 2016 presidential election on respondents’ attitudes using a regression discontinuity design in time. We find that the election of Trump substantively decreased respondents’ trust in the US government.