Latifolia Extract Research Articles

Synthesis of Ag and AgCl Nanoparticles Using Klasea latifolia and Klassa leptoclada Extracts and Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of the Synthesized Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Properties of the Extracts

Background: In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions, and other stabilizing agents. Methods: This study performed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Klasea latifolia and Klasea leptoclada. objective: In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure), and other stabilizing agents. Herbs, including flavonoids and other water-soluble active metabolites, could also be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles at room temperature. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Klasea leptoclada and Klasea latifolia extracts. Results: Nanoparticles were characterized using the SEM, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and EDS methods. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using the agar disk-diffusion and well-diffusion. The antioxidants of the herbs were investigated using the DPPH and FRAP methods, and the IC50 of the extracts was determined as well. The results showed that, although no chlorinated compounds were added to the reaction medium, in addition to silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical (size: 27-38 nm) and had uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles and extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Many plants have been used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, but the advantage of using the extract of K.latifolia and K. leptoclada was that in addition to synthesizing silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized.

Chemical characterization and biological activity of Molineria latifolia root extract as dermal antiaging: Isolation of natural compounds, in silico and in vitro study

Premature skin-aging is a disorder in human skin tissue caused by the effects of environmental factors. It is important to prevent and treat this disorder using natural ingredients. One of them is the Molineria latifolia plant, which is reportedly anti-aging. This study aims to characterize the chemical content of M. latifolia extract and evaluate its biological activity as a skin anti-aging. The 70% ethanol extract of M. latifolia roots was fractionated by a chromatography column using a solvent based on a gradient. The fractions obtained were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-elastase activities. The active fraction was purified, and its chemical structure was characterized. The compounds were assessed for anti-aging activity in silico using 2Y9X and 3HGN proteins and continued with in vitro evaluation. The isolation results obtained six secondary metabolite compounds, namely 2,6 dimethoxy-benzoic acid (1), curculigoside-A (2), curcapital (3), syringic acid (4), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl-2,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate or curlatifolia-SN (5), and luteolin (6). Compound 5 is newly phenolic discovered and has not been reported in previous research. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 interact best with 2Y9X (tyrosinase) and 3HGN (elastase) proteins in silico based on the obtained binding affinity. In vitro activity shows that compounds 3, 5, and 6 have strong to very strong activity inhibiting 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, tyrosinase, and elastase. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 inhibit tyrosinase through a mixed inhibition mechanism, while elastase inhibits competitively. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 are phenolic derivatives with the best anti-aging activity, which can be used as anti-aging skin agent for future development.

Phytochemical profiling and anticancer potential of gardenia latifolia extracts against arsenic trioxide induced liver fibrosis in rat model.

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an environmental contaminant that may cause hepatic injuries. As2O3-induced liver injuries are detected as an underlying cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) around the globe. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of Gardenia latifolia (GL) extracts against oxidative stress and apoptotic activity in HCC-induced rats and to explore in silico molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds of G. latifolia. The present study was designed to investigate the hepato-protective effect of ethanol and n-hexane extract of G. latifolia. Phytochemical analysis was performed using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the identified metabolites were used for computational docking analysis. The binding potential and inhibitory effect of the identified metabolites against inflammatory markers were assessed. Fifty male albino rats were selected for the in vivo study and were randomly divided into five groups, with 10 rats in each group. Group I is the control group. Hepatotoxicity was induced in groups II, III, IV, and V with 350mg/kg/day of As2O3. Group II was taken as positive control, Group III and IV were treated with ethanol and n-hexane extract of G. latifolia, respectively, and Group V was treated with cisplatin 3.0mg/kg/day. At the end of treatment, different stress and liver biomarkers were also analyzed. The quantitative phytochemical profiling revealed a high content of total flavonoid and tannins found at 5.731 ± 0.1856mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g and 86.31 ± 14.20mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g in G. latifolia n-hexane extract, while a significant concentration of TFC was 276.821 ± 2.19mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, in ethanolic extract. GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 26 metabolites in ethanol extract while 32 metabolites in n-hexane extract, respectively. Both the extracts restored the abnormal levels of stress markers (p < 0.05) in Groups III and IV, and were comparable to the comparative control group V, which was given cisplatin as the standard drug. The histopathological examination revealed the regeneration of hepatocytes, dilated sinusoidal cells, necrosis, and distorted hepatic architecture observed in arsenic trioxide hepatotoxic liver. Among the top most identified metabolites from GC-MS analysis, stigmasterol exhibited -8.3 and -7.1kcal/mol in silico binding affinities against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin (IL-6), respectively, while Dasycarpidan-1-methanol exhibited the best binding affinities of -6.8 and -7.2kcal/mole against matrixmetalloprotinease (MMP)-3 and heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90), respectively. 6-AH-cAMP showed the best docking score of -7.5kcal/mol for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) macromolecule. Metabolite Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate represented drug like properties so it was further analyzed by MD simulation and stable dynamic nature of protein ligand complex was evaluated. In conclusion, the effective therapeutic potential of G. latifolia extracts targeted oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant activities and inhibiting inflammation and liver complications at early stages. Further research on the molecular level may further explore the anticancer potential of this plant against various types of cancers.

Diverse mitochondrial effects, antiplasmodial and anti-inflammatory potentials of Costus afer (Ker Gawl), Nauclea latifolia (Sm) and Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Pierre) in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

ObjectivesThis study reported the antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory and mito-protrective effects of Costus afer (CA), Nauclea latifolia (NA) and Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) methanol extracts in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. MethodsAir-dried CA, NA and SJ were extracted with methanol. Antiplasmodial activity of these extracts were monitored using chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei. Heme and hemozoin contents, interleukins and C-reactive protein as well as mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening, lipid peroxidation (mLPO) and F0F1 ATPase activity were determined by spectrophotometry. Phytochemical constituents were determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Results and ConclusionsCA, NL and SJ decreased percentage parasitemia to 0.25 ± 0.07; 0.30 ± 0.14 and 0.25 ± 0.07% relative to control (8.60 ± 0.15%) in the chloroquine-sensitive model and to 0.40 ± 0.14; 0.30 ± 0.14 and 0.45 ± 0.07, respectively as against 10.88 ± 0.26% of the infected control in the chloroquine-resistant model. In chloroquine-resistant model, NL decreased mLPO (0.41 ± 0.04) F0F1 ATPase (0.15 ± 0.02 mmol pi/mg protein /min) while CA enhanced mPT pore opening at 100 mg/kg,and SJ (50 mg/kg) reversed parasite-induced mPT pore opening (1.66 vs 9.4 folds). The NL increased heme, decreased hemozoin, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, while SJ dose-dependently increased IL-10. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that coumaric acid, divaricatinic acid, diocin and aferiosides A and C were present in CA, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 18, 19-dihydroangustine, jatrorrhizine, 17-epinaucleidinal, strictosamide and quinovic acid 3-O-rhamnoside in NL and quinic acid, jatrorrhizine and mabioside B in SJ. While the three medicinal plants have varying antimalarial effects, their decoction will be better for a synergistic purpose.

Chemo-profiling of aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia using GC-MS

This study is aimed at ascertaining the chemical profile of an aqueous Nauclea latifolia extract using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The plant extract underwent GC-MS analysis, and the mass spectra of the components were compared with that from the National Institute of Standards and Technology library (NIST). GC-MS analysis revealed 18 compounds from the aqueos extract of N. latifolia. Among them, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester, oleic acid and benzamide-2-bromo-N-[2-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-benzoxazolyl] were found to be the most prevalent compounds with percentage areas of 16.93%, 14.01%, and 9.18%, respectively. Whereas, 5-methyl-2-phenylindolizine with a percentage area of 0.66% was the least abundant compound. Some of these phytocompounds present in the aqueous extract of N. latifolia possess several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antimalarial properties. Hence, the aqueous extract of the leaf of N. latifolia can serve as a potential source of treatment in ethnomedicine.

Citrus species hydroalcoholic extracts are promising alternatives for the sustainable coffee red mite (Oligonychus ilicis) management?

The coffee red mite, Oligonychus ilicis, is an important pest for Conilon coffee, Coffea canephora. This study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal potential of Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus latifolia peels hydroalcoholic extracts against O. ilicis. The citrus peel extracts at concentrations of 0.10, 0.17, 0.30, 0.51, 0.87, and 1.50 % w v-1 were sprayed on O. ilicis and its mortality was evaluated. Data were subjected to Probit analysis (p≤0.05) with the R statistical software and the LC50 and LC90 were calculated. O. ilicis mortality was dose-dependent on the concentration of the citrus peel hydroalcoholic extract. The slope coefficients of the O. ilicis mortality curves as a function of the concentration of extracts were 2.6057 and 1.4498 for C. aurantifolia and C. latifolia extracts, with LC50 and LC90 of 0.173 and 0.537% w v -1, for the first, and 0.048 and 0.368% m v -1, for the second, respectively. C. latifolia presented more phenolics and tannins in its composition than C. aurantifolia. C. latifolia and C. aurantifolia extracts showed an effective acaricide effect against O. ilicis, being a promising alternative for coffee red mite management.

Curcuma latifolia Roscoe extract reverses inflammatory pain in mice and offers a favorable CNS safety profile

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCurcuma latifolia Roscoe, a plant in the Curcuma genus, has been used as a food additive and folk medicine in Thailand to treat pelvic pain and improve premenstrual syndrome. Although it has been used for centuries, no scientific studies have proved its potential effects on inflammatory pain and central nervous system (CNS) safety profiles.Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of the ethanolic extract of C. latifolia rhizome on inflammatory pain in mice, together with its CNS safety profiles. Materials and methodsFirst, network pharmacology was employed to identify the role of bioactive constituents in C. latifolia on inflammatory pain. In addition, in vitro pharmacology was also evaluated to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of C. latifolia extract at cellular levels in activated macrophages and microglia. Furthermore, the efficacy of the plant extract in attenuating formalin-induced pain-like behaviors in mice was evaluated. Mice were orally administered the extract (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) followed by the measurement of formalin-induced pain-like behaviors. The LABORAS automated behavioral analysis and rotarod test were used to assess potential CNS side effects of C. latifolia extract (500 mg/kg) in mice. ResultsThe results demonstrated that major bioactive constituents present in C. latifolia have the ability to regulate multiple targets, biological processes and pathways associated with inflammatory pain as assessed by network pharmacology. C. latifolia modulated peripheral and central immune cells via reducing proinflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, and IL-6). C. latifolia extract improved formalin-induced pain-like behaviors in a dose-dependent manner during phase II of the formalin test. The efficacy of the plant extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg was comparable to that of the positive control (indomethacin 10 mg/kg). Furthermore, the highest therapeutic dose of the extract did not affect motor coordination, exploratory behaviors, general behaviors, and overall well-being of mice, indicating no development of potential CNS adverse effects after administration of the extract. ConclusionThese findings provide novel perspectives on using C. latifolia extract for pain management, considering its therapeutic efficacy and CNS safety.

Tricin-enriched Zizania latifolia ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through AMPK-dependent pathways.

This study aimed to identify and elucidate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of tricin-enriched Zizania latifolia (Z. latifolia) extract (ETZL) against free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation in vitro and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet and fructose diet (HFD/F) in vivo. ETZL treatment significantly lowered body weight gain and decreased adipose tissue, lipid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in HFD/F-fed mice. ETZL acted on phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and anti-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1 (SREBP)/fatty acid synthase (FAS) signaling to inhibit de novo adipogenesis and increase fatty acid oxidation. In addition, treatment with ETZL increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels to activate the antioxidant pathway. FFA-induced oxidative stress and fatty acid accumulation in HepG2 cells confirmed the improvement in fat accumulation through the AMPK and Nrf2 pathway activities of ETZL. These results suggest that ETZL ameliorates NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and defending against oxidative stress via AMPK-dependent pathways.

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, in vitro and in silico studies of active compounds of Curculigo latifolia extracts as promising elastase inhibitor

Curculigo latifolia is a plant in the Hypoxidaceae family commonly used in herbal medicine. The study objective was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-elastase properties of C. latifolia extracts in vitro and silico as a candidate for antiaging active ingredients. This study identified secondary metabolites of the hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and ethanol extracts (EE) from the root (R), stem (S), and leaf (L) organs by LC-ESI-MS and evaluated in vitro antioxidant and inhibitor elastase activity. An antioxidant evaluation was performed using ABTS, Beta Carotene Bleaching (BCB), and Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Evaluation of anti-elastase was carried out using elastase and followed by an in silico study of molecular docking using the target protein elastase (1B0F). Fifteen C. latifolia metabolites were identified in C. latifolia extracts, most of which were phenolic compounds. In antioxidant testing, REE, REAE, SEE, and SEAE extracts showed potent antioxidant activity based on the ABTS, BCB, and FRAP methods. In anti-elastase testing, it was found that SEE, REE, REAE, and RHE extracts gave powerful inhibition of elastase activity (in the ranges of 16.89 to 27.91 µg/mL). The in-silico study demonstrated the potential of the identified metabolites to bind to the target protein 1B0F involved in remodeling the skin aging process. This research concludes that the extracts from C. latifolia have the potential to serve as an active antiaging source.

ANALYSIS OF ACETONE, CHLOROFORM AND DIETHYL ETHER EXTRACTS OF ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM L., ARTEMISIA ARMENIACA LAM. AND ARTEMISIA LATIFOLIA LEDEB.

This paper presents the results of the analysis of acetone, chloroform and diethyl ether extracts of three types of wormwood: Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia armeniaca Lam. and Artemisia latifolia Ledeb., performed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. β-myrcene was found in chloroform extracts of A. absinthium and A. latifolia from biologically active substances; in extracts of A. armeniaca and A. latifolia, pinene; 3,6-difluoro-4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methiamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol, ethyl palmitate, β-phellandrene are specific for A. absinthium; for A. armeniaca, herniarin and d-limonene; for A. latifolia, γ-sitosterol and farnesol. In acetone extracts of all three types, such biologically active substances as γ-sitosterol, phytol were found; extracts of A. absinthium and A. armeniaca revealed α-cubeben; in extracts of A. armeniaca and A. latifolia – vitamin E; in extracts of A. absinthium and A. latifolia – azafrin. Specific for these extracts of A. absinthium were β-phellandrene, estafiantin, β-elemen, yangambin, β-santalol, caryophyllene, lycopene; for A. armeniaca, α-phellandrene and γ-element; for A. latifolia – hematoporphyrin and laminitol. In the diethyl ether extract of A. absinthium, such biologically active substances as arborescin and yangambin were found; in the extract of A. armeniaca – D-limonene; A. latifolia extract contains hematoporphyrin. Based on the data obtained, it should be assumed that preparations of these plant species may have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity.

In vitro ultra violet (UV) protection of curculigo latifolia extract as a sunscreen candidate

Curculigo latifolia is a local plant from the Amaryllidaceae tribe, which the community in empirical medicine has widely used. This study aims to determine the bioactivity of C. latifolia extract as a sunscreen carried out in vitro to obtain scientific data to be developed as a raw sunscreen material. The dried simplicia powder from the roots, stems, and leaves of C. latifolia was extracted by graded maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol (70% v/v) to obtain an extract. Each extract from plant parts was observed for the sunscreen profile in absorbing UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) rays with a UV spectrophotometer. Each extract was tested for UV protection with several test parameters, i.e., the percentage of erythema, pigmentation transmission, and sun protective factor (SPF). The results of sunscreen profiles in absorbing UVB and UVA showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts in roots, stems, and leaves could absorb UVB, and some of the extracts absorb UVA. Leaf hexane extract (LH) gave the highest UVB and UVA absorption of 1.192 and 1.804, respectively, compared to other extracts. The extract showed the ability to protect against erythema and pigmentation with the categories of fast tanning (root ethanol, stem ethanol, stem hexane, and root hexane extract), total block (root, stem, and leaf ethyl acetate extract), and regular suntan (leaf hexane extract). The results of SPF parameters showed that leaf hexane extract (LH), root ethyl acetate (REA), stem ethyl acetate (SEA), and leaf ethyl acetate (LEA) at a concentration of 250 ppm gave an ultra-protective effect with an SPF value of 23.65, 16.5, 22.5 and 23.03 respectively. The test results show that the extract of C. latifolia has the potential as a sunscreen with ultra-protection against UVA and UVB rays.

Correction to: Sunlight-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zizania latifolia extract: toward antimicrobial applications

Correction to: Sunlight-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zizania latifolia extract: toward antimicrobial applications

HPTLC quantification, assessment of antioxidant potential and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. &amp; C.A. Mey.) DC. and its major compounds

Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) species have long been the topic of many phytochemical, analytical, and biological studies since various species of the Scorzonera genus have been widely used as food and medicinal purposes. Apart from its traditional use to relieve pain, promote wound healing, treat helminth infections or women infertility, Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. & Mey.) DC is also used for its antidiabetic activity. We aimed to investigate antidiabetic activity of the aerial parts of the title plant and its major secondary metabolites (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, 7- O -methylisoorientin, isoorientin, swertisin, chlorogenic acid, 4,5- O -dicaffeoylquinic acid and hydrangenol-8- O - β -glucoside) isolated from aerial parts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Blood glucose levels were measured four times: before the treatment, after 1 st , 2 nd , and 4 th hours of sample treatments (100 mg/kg i.p.). S. latifolia extract displayed notable decline after 4 hours of administration. Among the metabolites; swertisin, 7- O -methyl-isoorientin, and hydrangenol-8- O - β -glucoside were associated with significant reduction on blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Due to the strong relationship between oxidative stress and diabetes, antioxidant activity of S. latifolia was additionally tested. Furthermore, 4,5- O -dicaffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and swertisin contents as major components of the extract were quantified by HPTLC-densitometry, as their biological effects can be attributed to their phenolic contents.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO SCREENING OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ANOGEISSUS LATIFOLIA LEAVES

Objective: To evaluate and compare anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of Anogeissus latifolia leaves Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated using nitric oxide radical inhibition activity assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using erythrocyte membrane stabilization, inhibition of protein denaturation, and proteinase inhibitory activity the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The biochemical parameters were evaluated in the blood, which included the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase values and in the liver, which includes the estimation of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. Results: The methanolic extract caused a significant dose depended on the reduction of inflammation when compared with the aqueous extract of Anogeissus latifolia. The anti-inflammatory activity of all groups was found to be comparable to the standard indomethacin group. The maximum percent inhibition in paw edema was found in methanolic extract of Anogeisuss latifolia at a dose of 500 mg/kg was 53.33%, with significant anti-inflammatory activity p&lt;0.001. Conclusion: The leaf extract of Anogeissus latifolia possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The therapeutic effect of Anogeisuss latifolia extracts will encourage its use in the treatment of inflammation.

Feasibility of a culture-specific Moroccan Smell Identification Test (MoroSIT): a proposal using the case of Parkinson disease

Introduction: Olfactory problems are frequent in Parkinson disease. Their early onset relative to motor problems makes them a potential biomarker for the disease, yet no culture-specific standardized tests exist in Morocco. Aim: To use indigenous plant extracts generated in our laboratory to investigate olfactory impairment in patients with Parkinson disease. Method: Our study is a cross-sectional case-controlled analytical investigation in a group of 69 patients with Parkinson disease and another group of 66 healthy volunteers in order to assess odor threshold, odor identification, and odor discrimination in these two groups using Mentha pulegium and Lavandula latifolia extracts. Results: We found a marked decrease of the threshold of odor detection in patients compared to controls (p&lt;0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the ability to discriminate odors, with more patients with Parkinson disease unable to distinguish between odors (p&lt;0.001). For the odor identification test, 70% of control subjects versus 36% of patients were able to correctly identify the test products. The difference was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Our study points to the potential for the elaboration of a standardized smell identification screening battery using indigenous products with which patients are familiar.

Sunlight-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zizania latifolia extract: toward antimicrobial applications

Sunlight-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zizania latifolia extract: toward antimicrobial applications

Flower Extracts from Ornamental Plants as Sources of Sunscreen Ingredients: Determination by In Vitro Methods of Photoprotective Efficacy, Antigenotoxicity and Safety.

Plants are sources of sunscreen ingredients that prevent cellular mutations involved in skin cancer and aging. This study investigated the sunscreen properties of the extracts from some ornamental plants growing in Colombia. The UV filter capability of the flower extracts obtained from Rosa centifolia L., Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Schult, and Ipomoea horsfalliae Hook. was examined. Photoprotection efficacies were evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor and critical wavelength. UVB antigenotoxicity estimates measured with the SOS Chromotest were also obtained. Extract cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were studied in human fibroblasts using the trypan blue exclusion and Comet assays, respectively. Major compounds of the promising flower extracts were identified by UHPLC–ESI+–Orbitrap–MS. The studied extracts showed high photoprotection efficacy and antigenotoxicity against UVB radiation, but only the P. latifolia extract showed broad-spectrum photoprotection at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The P. latifolia extract appeared to be safer for human fibroblast cells and the R. centifolia extract was shown to be moderately cytotoxic and genotoxic at the highest assayed concentrations. The I. horsfalliae extract was unequivocally cytotoxic and genotoxic. The major constituents of the promising extracts were as follows: chlorogenic acid, ecdysterone 20E, rhamnetin-rutinoside, cis-resveratrol-diglucoside, trans-resveratrol-diglucoside in P. latifolia; quercetin, quercetin-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and kaempferol-rhamnoside in R. centifolia. The potential of the ornamental plants as sources of sunscreen ingredients was discussed.

Toxicological assessment of enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia extract: Oral toxicology and genotoxicity in rats

Zizania latifolia Turcz. has long been used as a food source in Southeast Asia. The grains, stems, and leaves of Z. latifolia and its major component, tricin, have also been studied to determine their biological activities. Previously, we hydrolyzed the aerial part of Z. latifolia using an enzyme mixture to maximize the tricin content of the Z. latifolia extract. However, the safety of enzyme-treated Z. latifolia extract (ETZL; DermaNiA™) has not yet been determined. In this study, we performed an in vivo 90-day repeated-dose evaluation and genotoxicity study to assess the toxicological potential of ETZL. EZTL did not exhibit genotoxicity in the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay, or in vivo micronucleus test. Moreover, no changes in body weight or hematological and serum biological parameters were observed in male or female rats under high-dose EZTL treatment (5000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) for 90 days with a 4-week recovery period. Significant changes were noted in the forestomach, kidneys, and adrenal glands in the test groups, but these changes, or tendency for recovery, were not observed in the recovery group. Based on these data, the no adverse effect level was determined to be 1250 mg/kg bw/day in rats.

Object recognition memory and anti-anxiety potentials of stem-bark extract of Nauclea latifolia (African peach), taurine and vitamin E on Albino rats exposed to water immobilisation stress

Memory loss is a typical symptom of generalized anxiety disorder, a condition that affects millions of individuals. Memory loss with anxiety can be quite distressing, but if you can find strategies to address the anxiety, your memory may improve as well. In this study, the effects of Nauclea latifolia extract, taurine and vitamin E supplementation on object identification and stress-induced anxiety in Albino rats exposed to water immobilisation stress were investigated. 24 rats weighing between 100 and 120 grams were employed. The control group (A), received 1ml/kg pure water. Vitamin E was given to Group B at a dosage of 0.2 ml/kg. Group C received 200mg/kg taurine, while Group D received 200mg/kg Nauclea latifolia extract. For three weeks, the administration was completed. The rats were famished for 24 hours before the stress process began. The rats were sedated with chloroform vapour, and then restrained using a hardwood board (25 by 18 cm) with the four limbs fixed sideways, then dipped for two hours in water up to the xiphoid level. During the training phase, the taurine group examined the novel object the most (64.9 percent), followed by the Vitamin E group (63.90 percent), when compared to the Nauclea latifolia (52.75 percent) and the control groups (54.76 percent). The consolidation phase similarly, revealed that, taurine and Vitamin E groups explored the novel object the most (71.52 percent) and (70.05 percent) accordingly. In the anxiety model, Nauclea latifolia, taurine and vitamin E groups showed significant increase in time spent on closed arms. This study has shown that, when rats are treated to water immersion restraint stress, administration of Nauclea latifolia extract, taurine, and vitamin E, may decrease stress-induced anxiety-like behaviours. The significance of this study is that, administration of taurine, vitamin E and Nauclea latifolia extract may prevent stress-induced memory impairment.

Zizania latifolia and Its Major Compound Tricin Regulate Immune Responses in OVA-Treated Mice.

Tricin, a flavone belonging to the Gramineae family, has been confirmed to be the primary compound in a Zizania latifolia extract (ZLE) that prevents allergies. Various allergic reactions occur because of the unbalanced differentiation of T help cells (Th) and the consequent overproduction of IgE. Therefore, the regulation of Th1 and Th2 responses by T helper cell differentiation is essential for suppressing allergic responses. This study confirmed the immunomodulatory effects of ZLE and the major compound tricin in an OVA-sensitized mouse model. The IgE and OVA-specific production of tricin and ZLE in plasma were investigated in OVA-sensitized mice. The effects of tricin and ZLE on the amount of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and transcription factors released in splenocytes were investigated in OVA-sensitized mice. The skin roughness and the number of mast cells were confirmed by staining the skin surface with H&E and toluidine blue. Tricin and ZLE reduced the plasma IgE and OVA-specific-IgE levels significantly compared to the OVA group. On the other hand, tricin and ZLE promoted the release of the Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ and inhibited the release of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, -10, -13, and -5) in OVA-sensitized mice. Tricin and ZLE induced T-bet and NFATc2 expression, and-down regulated GATA-3 levels. The skin roughness and the number of mast cells decreased in the OVA-immunized mice. Overall, the data indicate that tricin and ZLE may prevent allergy-related diseases through immunomodulation.