Late Filter Research Articles

High Density Impulse Noise Removal from Color Images by K-means Clustering based Detection and Least Manhattan Distance-oriented Removal Approach

Removal of impulse noise from color images is a stringent job in the arena of image processing. Impulse noise is fundamental of two types: Salt and pepper noise (SAPN) and Random valued impulse noise (RVIN). The key challenge in impulse noise removal from color images lies in tackling out the randomness in the noise pattern and in handling multiple color channels efficiently. Over the years, several filters have been designed to remove impulse noise from color images, but still, the researchers face a stringent challenge in designing a filter effective at high noise densities. In this study, a combination of K-means clustering-based detection followed by a minimum distance-based approach for removal is taken for high-density impulse noise removal from color images. In the detection phase, K-means clustering is applied on combined data consisting of elements from designated 5 × 5 windows of all the planes from RGB color images to segregate noisy and non-noisy elements. In the removal phase, noisy pixels are replaced by taking the average of medians of all non-noisy pixels and non-noisy pixels under 7 × 7 windows residing at least Manhattan distance from the inspected noisy pixel. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared up against the latest filters, on the basis of well-known metrices, such as Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural similarity index measurement (SSIM). Based on these comparisons, the proposed filter is found superior than the compared filters in removing impulse noise at high noise densities.

Attending, learning, and socioeconomic disadvantage: developmental cognitive and social neuroscience of resilience and vulnerability.

We review current findings associating socioeconomic status (SES), development of neurocognitive functions, and neurobiological pathways. A sizeable interdisciplinary literature was organized through a bifurcated developmental trajectory (BiDeT) framework, an account of the external and internal variables associated with low SES that may lead to difficulties with attention and learning, along with buffers that may protect against negative outcomes. A consistent neurocognitive finding is that low-SES children attend to information nonselectively, and engage in late filtering out of task-irrelevant information. Attentional preferences influence the development of latent inhibition (LI), an aspect of learning that involves reassigning meaningful associations to previously learned but irrelevant stimuli. LI reflects learning processes clarifying the relationship between neurobiological mechanisms related to attention and socioeconomic disadvantage during child development. Notably, changes in both selective attention and typical LI development may occur via the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (MsCL-DA) system. Chaotic environments, social isolation, and deprivation associated with low SES trigger stress responses implicating imbalances in the MsCL-DA and consolidating anxiety traits. BiDeT describes plausible interactions between socioemotional traits and low-SES environments that modify selective attention and LI, predisposing individuals to vulnerability in cognitive development and academic achievement. However, positive role models, parental style, and self-regulation training are proposed as potential promoters of resilience.

Review of some recent advances on filtration in pharmaceutical industry

Summary: Filtration is the removal of solids suspended in a liquid or gas by passage through a pervious medium on which the solids are retained. This review focuses on some advantages in different types of filters, sintered metal filters, nanofiltration, and their applications. Some advances in bag and belt filtration and advantages of self cleaning filters over the traditional manual and mechanical cleaning as well as fermentation, water purification and sterile filtration were also discussed. Thus advances in filtration technology include the development of continuous processes to replace old technology. Different self cleaning filters reduce product loss, improve flow consistency and require minimal operators’ impute. Thus, by using latest filters and filter media in pharmaceutical industry, time is reduced and better quality products are obtained.

A High-Performance Filter for Image Denoising Based on Local Features

A high-performance filter (HPF) is proposed for removing noises in corrupted images, where the local features are adopted to preserve the image local structures. Firstly, the Chebyshev’s theorem and fuzzy mean process are used to adaptively estimate the detection parameters. Secondly, the local statistics theory is used to estimate noisy pixels, which is based on Radon transform. Thirdly, the PSNR is used as the evaluation metric to show the advantage of the HPF, which is compared with latest filters, such as SBF, HPFSM and the classical filter SMF. Extensive experimental results show that the HPF achieves better performances in removing any kinds of noises (impulse, Gaussian, uniform and mixed), the computational complexity of the HPF is 5 to 11 times lower than the other filters.

Overview of industrial filtration technology and its applications

Filtration is a process where solid particles present in a suspension are separated from liquid or gas employing a porous medium. This article includes some advances in sintered metal filters, different types of filter media and their applications in various industries. Recent applications of ultra filtration and some advances in bag and belt filtration systems have also been discussed. This article also focuses on advantages of self cleaning filters over manual and mechanical cleaning. Thus, advances in filtration technology include the development of continuous processes to replace old batch process technology. Different self cleaning filters reduce product loss, required minimal operator intervention and improves flow consistency. Using programmable logic controllers in humidity ventilation and air conditioning system which often use sensors can cut installation and labor costs. On the global scale, we are surrounded by different filters. Thus by using latest filters and filter media it is possible to apply it in various food, starch and sugar industries, which reduces the time as well as give better quality products. Keywords: filter media, ultra filtration, bag filtration, belt filtration, HVAC system.