Building upon an evaluation of the distinct advantages and limitations of anchor rods and anchorage plates, this paper introduces an integrated anchor-tensioning system that combines these elements in series. This innovative approach significantly enhances the pullout bearing capacity of the overall anchorage system. Based on the hyperbolic model of the distribution of lateral friction resistance of the anchor solid and the Winkler′s foundation model of load transfer of the anchorage plate, the theoretical analysis method for the analysis of the pullout bearing capacity and deformation of the combined anchorage system was established, and an approximate analytical equation for the relationship between pullout force and displacement was obtained. The results from indoor model tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses were compared, verifying the reliability of the theoretical methods employed. The findings of this study significantly advance the discourse on the innovation of structural support configurations, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency of anchor-pull support systems.