Enhancing the lateral force resistance of residential structures through innovative prefabricated designs is crucial for improving structural resilience and safety. This study presents an innovative design for prefabricated concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) column trusses with V-shaped or Z-shaped configurations to enhance the lateral displacement and ductility of residential buildings under lateral forces. The CFT-column truss is a prefabricated system featuring two square CFT columns connected to H-section beams using fish plates. Additionally, the beams and columns are linked to a web truss component made of double-angle sections. To assess their failure patterns and characteristic capacities, two large-scale specimens were subjected to lateral monotonic loads. The test results indicated that both V-shaped and Z-shaped trusses exhibited exceptional performance. The V-shaped trusses demonstrated significant improvements in yield stiffness and ductility, increasing by approximately 22 % and 31 %, respectively. However, the yield and peak bearing capacities of these trusses were reduced by about 10 % and 6.75 %, respectively. Furthermore, a theoretical model was developed based on the observed test failure modes and verified through finite element (FE) analyses. The predictive results of the theoretical model were compared to a group of FE models, demonstrating their suitability for accurately estimating bearing capacities and yield stiffness with a high level of agreement.