Lateral Enlargement Research Articles

Image Findings as Predictors of Fall Risk in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease.

This study examined computed tomography findings in patients with cerebrovascular disease and determined predictors for falls. Images of the head were divided into 13 regions, and the relationships between computed tomography findings and the presence or absence of falls were investigated. A total of 138 patients with cerebrovascular disease (66% men, aged 73.8 ± 9.6 years) were included. A comparison between the fall and non-fall groups revealed a significant difference in the total functional independence measure scores and imaging findings at admission. Logistic regression analysis showed that the thalamus (p < 0.001), periventricular lucency (p < 0.001), lateral hemisphere room enlargement (p < 0.05), and age (p < 0.05) were related to the presence or absence of falls. For the 42 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, the thalamus (p < 0.01), periventricular lucency (p < 0.05), lateral ventricle vicinity (p < 0.05), and posterior limb of the internal capsule (p < 0.05) were extracted as factors related to the presence or absence of falls. For the 96 patients with cerebral infarction, the thalamus (p < 0.001), periventricular lucency (p < 0.01), and anterior limb of the internal capsule (p < 0.05) were extracted as factors related to the presence or absence of falls. This study found a relationship between the thalamus, lateral ventricle enlargement, periventricular lucency, and falls. Fall prognosis can potentially be predicted from computed tomography findings at admission.

Effects of various extraocular muscle enlargement patterns on muscle diameter index in graves ophthalmopathy patients: a retrospective cohort study

Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) patients often undergo retrobulbar injection of glucocorticoids (GCs) as a common therapeutic approach. This study aimed to explore the impact of various patterns of extraocular muscle (EOM) enlargement on EOM changes following retrobulbar GCs injection in patients with GO. A retrospective analysis was conducted on GO patients who underwent retrobulbar GCs injections. Data pertaining to EOM diameter (EMD) and muscle diameter index (MDI) were collected from orbital computed tomography (CT) scans. The MDI change (ΔMDI) was calculated by comparing pre- and post-injection MDI values. The relationship between each pre EMD/MDI and ΔMDI was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 68 patients with GO were included in this study, accounting for 118 eyes. After retrobulbar injections of GCs, 84 eyes showed a decrease in the MDI, while 34 eyes exhibited an increase in MDI. A threshold effect was observed in the relationship between medial pre EMD/MDI and ΔMDI. When the medial pre EMD/MDI was less than 0.28, a higher medial pre EMD/MDI was associated with a smaller ΔMDI (β = − 25.21, p = 0.0175). However, when the medial pre EMD/MDI was greater than 0.28, no significant association was found between pre EMD/MDI and ΔMDI. There was a negative correlation between medial + lateral pre EMD/MDI and ΔMDI (β = − 11.76, p < 0.0189). A higher medial + lateral pre EMD/MDI was associated with a greater decrease in MDI. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between superior rectus muscle-levator complex (SRLC) pre EMD/MDI and ΔMDI (β = 11.92, p = 0.040). The higher the value of SRLC pre EMD/MDI, the greater the ΔMDI. There was an association between pre EMD/MDI and changes in EOMs after retrobulbar injection of GCs in GO patients. In patients with predominantly enlarged medial rectus muscles and severe degrees of enlargement, retrobulbar injection of GCs should be assessed for its benefit; a combination of medial and lateral rectus muscle enlargement is beneficial for the shrinkage of EOMs following retrobulbar injections; the involvement of the SRLC rectus muscle may be a disadvantageous pattern of shrinkage of EOMs following retrobulbar injections.Trial registration This study is retrospectively registered. We have registered this study with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR2200063429).

The influence of a combined aerator on aeration characteristics

Aerators with sharp lateral enlargements and bottom drops generally cause adverse effects in spillway tunnels with a mild base slope, including serious cavity back flow and water wings striking the tunnel roof. Taking RM Hydropower Station’s spillway tunnel as its example, this paper proposes a new type of combined aerator characterized by a “variable base slope” longitudinally and a transverse “sharp enlargement plus straight section.” This not only increases cavity stability, resulting in more effective aeration, but also inhibits the development of water wings, contributing to an improved pattern of water flow. In addition, this paper systematically explores the influence of the flip bucket (drop), gently sloping section, and steeply sloping section of the “variable base slope” aerator upon the aerated cavity and summarizes the rules according to which the sharp lateral enlargement and diffusion angle influence the formation of water wings. This offers technical solutions, with theoretical support, for the design of aerators in spillway tunnels with a mild base slope.

Lateral (left-right commissural) root enlargement may reduce risk of coronary artery obstruction from transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation.

Lateral (left-right commissural) root enlargement may reduce risk of coronary artery obstruction from transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation.

Unilateral Carotid Body Tumour: A Case Report

The carotid body, which is located bilaterally on the medial side of the carotid bifurcation, is the largest group of paraganglia in the head and neck. Chemoreceptor cells in the carotid bulb give rise to uncommon tumours known as Carotid Body Tumours (CBTs). The authors describe a case of a CBT in a 40-year-old woman who had a painful, pulsatile, lateral neck enlargement on the right side that had been developing over time. Due to the numerous difficulties and problems brought on by their high vascularity and close proximity to cranial nerves in the neck near the carotid bifurcation, they pose a surgical challenge. Based on the patient's medical history, the results of clinical and radiological examinations, and the successful surgical removal of the tumour, the diagnosis was suspected. The results of histological analysis supported the diagnosis of a CBT.

Mouse vaginal development with lateral enlargement at late embryonic stages and caudal elongation after birth.

Müllerian ducts give rise to the oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina. During female reproductive tract development in mice, the bilateral Müllerian duct epithelium grows caudally until reaching the urogenital sinus epithelium. This is followed by further caudal growth with the reduction of the urogenital sinus epithelium. Finally, the vaginal epithelium of adult mice is entirely derived from the Müllerian duct epithelium. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying mouse vaginal development via cell proliferation, apoptosis, and lineage analyses. We found that at the late embryonic stages, apoptosis occurred at the attachment site of bilateral Müllerian duct epithelia below the cervix, resulting in bilateral lumen traffic. The Müllerian duct epithelium was enclosed by the urogenital sinus epithelium at their boundary region on embryonic day (E) 16.5, whereas the Müllerian duct epithelium encased the urogenital sinus epithelium at postnatal day (P) 0 through lateral enlargement. Lateral Müllerian duct enlargement was accompanied by focal ERK activation within the curved epithelial tips and the specific localization of mitotic nuclei on the luminal side of the Müllerian duct epithelial layer at E17.5. Descent of the Müllerian duct epithelium and shortening of the urogenital sinus epithelium occurred rapidly after birth, accompanied by cell proliferation in the Müllerian duct epithelium and its peripheral mesenchymal tissues as well as intense apoptosis in the urogenital sinus epithelium around their boundary region. Urogenital sinus epithelium was localized at the base of the vagina at P7. In conclusion, the mouse vagina develops laterally at the late embryonic stages and caudally after birth.

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery.

Microneedle (MN) patches have considerable potential for medical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, point-of-care diagnostics, and vaccination. These miniature microdevices should successfully pierce the skin tissues while having enough stiffness to withstand the forces imposed by penetration. Developing low-cost and simple manufacturing processes for MNs is of considerable interest. This study reports a simple fabrication process for thermoplastic MNs from cycloolefin polymers (COP) using hot embossing on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft molds. COP has gained interest due to its high molding performance and low cost. The resin master MN arrays (9 × 9) were fabricated using two-photon polymerization (TPP). A previous gap in the detailed characterization of the embossing process was investigated, showing an average of 4.99 ± 0.35% longitudinal shrinkage and 2.15 ± 0.96% lateral enlargement in the molded MN replicas. The effects of bending, buckling, and tip blunting were then examined using compression tests and also theoretically. MN array insertion performance was studied in vitro on porcine back skin using both a prototype custom-made applicator and a commercial device. An adjustable skin stretcher mechanism was designed and manufactured to address current limitations for mimicking skin in vivo conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) was developed to simulate single MN insertion into a multilayered skin model and validated experimentally using a commercial Pen Needle as a model for the thermoplastic MNs. Margins of safety for the current MN design demonstrated its potential for transdermal drug delivery and fluid sampling. Experimental results indicated significant penetration improvements using the prototype applicator, which produced array penetration efficiencies as high as >92%, depending on the impact velocity setting.

Landslide dam breaching and outburst floods: A numerical model and its application

The damages caused by the breach of landslide dams can be mitigated by making an emergency plan based on the fast and accurate forecast of the resultant outburst floods. This study proposed an advanced physically-based breach model, which can effectively predict the breach evolution and the outflow hydrograph. Variations of soil erodibility along the dam depth are specially considered in this model. To avoid infinite occurrence of soil erosion, an arctangent erosion model is proposed to calculate the erosion rate, two advantages of which against the existing erosion models are demonstrated: better representation of the erosion process and simplified requirement of only one input parameter. The rate of the breach lateral enlargement is considered to vary along the depth, and the breach shape is regarded as a rectangle. The breach model is applied in two case studies of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and the Baige landslide dam. The predictions of breaching geometric parameters and the outflow hydrographic parameters agree well with the field observations. Comparing with the two widely-used landslide dam-break models, the proposed numerical method predicts changes of the lake level and the breach bottom more accurately. Results also prove the importance and necessity of considering soil erodibility along the dam depth. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is also conducted. It can be found that the parameter related to the arctangent erosion model significantly affects the breach evolution and the associated outflow hydrograph, while the influences of the broad-crested weir flow formula and the lateral enlargement rate is not that obvious. The numerical results are not sensitive to the velocity step adopted in the numerical scheme, facilitating the application of the model in the rapid risk assessment for landslide dams.

Preoperative and postoperative prognostic factors of patients with stage II/III lower rectal cancer without neoadjuvant therapy in the clinical trial (JCOG0212).

BackgroundThe JCOG0212 trial was a randomized controlled trial comparing mesorectal excision alone to mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection for stage II/III lower rectal cancer patients without clinical lateral lymph node enlargement. This study aimed to identify clinicopathological prognostic factors for relapse-free survival and overall survival of lower rectal cancer in the trial.MethodsProspective data were selected from 663 patients with complete data. Uni and multivariable Cox regression model was applied to evaluate the preoperative and the combined preoperative and postoperative factors, respectively. Preoperative factors included age, sex, performance status, clinical T, clinical N and operative procedures. Postoperative factors included histological grade, pathological T, number of metastatic lymph nodes and number of dissected lymph nodes. No patient received neoadjuvant treatment.ResultsRegarding preoperative factors, multivariable analysis revealed that performance status 1 (vs. 0: HR 2.079, P = 0.0041) and cT4a (vs. cT2–3: HR 2.721, P = 0.0002) were independent risk factors for relapse-free survival, and those for overall survival were male (vs. female: HR 1.660, P = 0.0228) and cT4a (vs. cT2–3: HR 2.486, P = 0.0473). The only independent preoperative risk factor common for relapse-free survival and overall survival was cT4a. Taking preoperative and postoperative factors together, the number of metastatic lymph nodes was the only independent risk factor common for relapse-free survival and overall survival.ConclusionsClinical stage II/III lower rectal cancer patients with cT4a should be a target of therapeutic development of neoadjuvant therapy. Postoperatively, intensive chemotherapy should be investigated for patients with more metastatic lymph nodes.

Heat transfer model for electrochromatography in transverse electric field

Joule heating caused by electric currents is a major problem in scale-up electrochromatography. Here, to predict the temperature effects of lateral electric field electrochromatography and the process conditions required, a mathematical heat transfer model was established, which took into account the physical characteristics, including the electrical conductivity, of the porous medium and the ceramic plate in the gel chamber. The temperatures calculated using this model were within 4 °C of the experimentally measured results. For the lateral enlargement simulation of short columns (4 cm), it was found that when the width was enlarged to > 3 cm, the outlet temperature on the center line did not increase with increasing width. The electric field strength of 1700 V/m was maintained by increasing current strength according to the column size; further, when the gel chamber was enlarged to 0.075 × 0.075 × 0.1 m3, its internal temperature can be controlled within 16 °C under certain operating conditions, and an electric field strength of 1700 V/m can be obtained in the gel chamber.

Analysis of the wind flow and fire spread dynamics over a sloped–ridgeline hill

This paper presents results from a computational and laboratory investigation of wind flow and fire spread over an isolated sloped-ridgeline laboratory-scale hill under various slopes with the wind blowing perpendicularly to the ridgeline. The results show two situations of unexpected or unusual fire behaviour; one is a lateral spread of the fire front over the windward face into a down-ridge direction resulting from a strong near-surface flow component parallel to the ridgeline. The other behaviour is a lateral enlargement of the fire front near the ridgeline over the leeward face in an up-ridge direction resulting from a flow parallel to the ridgeline. Comparison with reference fire spread rates and wind flow observations highlight the importance of the interaction between terrain-modified flow mechanisms and the fire in which they result in accelerated flows that drive the indicated unexpected behaviour.

Numerical Study of Fluctuating Pressure on Stilling Basin Slab with Sudden Lateral Enlargement and Bottom Drop

A stilling basin with sudden enlargement and bottom drop leads to complicated hydraulic characteristics, especially a fluctuating pressure distribution beneath 3D spatial hydraulic jumps. This paper used the large eddy simulation (LES) model and the TruVOF method based on FLOW-3D software to simulate the time-average pressure, root mean square (RMS) of fluctuating pressure, maximum and minimum pressure of a stilling basin slab. Compared with physical model results, the simulation results show that the LES model can simulate the fluctuating water flow pressure in a stilling basin reliably. The maximum value of RMS of fluctuating pressure appears in the vicinity of the front of the stilling basin and the extension line of the side wall. Based on the generating mechanism of fluctuating pressure and the Poisson Equation derived from the Navier–Stokes Equation, this paper provides a research method of combining quantitative analysis of influencing factors (fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient, and fluctuating vorticity) and qualitative analysis of the characteristics of fluctuating pressure. The distribution of fluctuating pressure in the swirling zone of the stilling basin and the wall-attached jet zone is mainly affected by the vortex and fluctuating flow velocity, respectively, and the distribution in the impinging zone is caused by fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient and fluctuating vorticity.

Effect of growth ring angle on lateral enlargement of compressed Cryptomeria japonica wood impregnated with polyethylene glycol

The lateral enlargement perpendicular to the compressive direction for small thin boards of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated to evaluate the effects of density and compressive directions to the radial (plane-sawn board) and 45 degrees of tilt to the radial (45º sawn board). Samples were impregnated with 200 and 20,000 molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG). The enlargement perpendicular to the fiber direction with deformation was obtained for heartwood and sapwood specimens treated only with PEG20,000. The compression ratio of specimens treated with PEG 20,000 exceeded the void volumes regardless of the wood density. Enlarged specimens of both sapwood and heartwood showed the inflection points in the force-compression ratio curve and no correlation between the compressive directions and lateral enlargement of specimens. In the local area showing the largest deformation, however, a weak positive correlation from plane-sawn boards and weak negative correlation from 45º sawn boards between the angles of compressive direction to growth ring and lateral enlargement were derived. Microfocus X-ray computer tomography in these areas showed the different morphological compressive deformations. The cells in the 45º sawn board were forced out due to each cell moving, whereas the radially arranged ones in the plane sawn board buckled under compression.

A quantitative risk analysis model for cascade reservoirs overtopping: principle and application

Quantitative and effective flood control operation of cascade reservoirs under emergency conditions can guarantee the safety of dams, reduce the social loss caused by flood disaster. A quantitative and practical risk analysis model of cascade dams overtopping breach (DAMSBREACH) has been developed based on the improvements to the analytical method of single dam breach. A single dam breach module, a flood routing module, a cascade dam overtopping and warning module have been assembled in the DAMSBREACH for predicting cascade dams overtopping flood and risk warning. The main improvements include a hyperbolic soil erosion model, the circular slip surface used in lateral enlargement modeling, and a numerical algorithm that uses velocity increment and allows straight forward calculation for the breach flood hydrograph. The DAMSBREACH is applied to Xiaerxia–Dawei–Shuangjiangkou of three cascade dams, which located in the upper reaches of Dadu river in southwest of China. The results show that only under the condition to open all release structures of Shuangjiangkou reservoir while Dawei dam starts to break, Shuangjiangkou reservoir will not be overtopped and the highest water level reaches 2507.56 m that is lower than the elevation of dam crest 2510.00 m. The integrated risk of cascade reservoirs has a direct relationship with the initial water level, uncertainty flood from the upstream, the discharge capacity and warning time of the reservoir. The risk analysis model of cascade dams overtopping break can help the decision-makers choose the best operation mode according to the characteristic of the reservoir under different emergency operating conditions.

Dam breach analysis for the Hongshiyan barrier lake

This paper presents a hyperbolic erosion rate model and a calculating circular slip surface method of lateral enlargement, and obtain a numerical analysis method of the relative stability dam-breach flood analysis. This paper develops a DB-IWHR procedure based on this principle, preparing a dam breach flood procedure is simple, easy to understand and use program in Excel 2010 spreadsheet. This improves this program, and writes a flood regulation calculation program, forming a complete program of dam breach flood and flood regulation. This paper calculates Hongshiyan barrier lake breach flood flow and the reservoirs downstream impacts.

Evaluation of barrier lake breach floods: Insights from recent case studies in China

AbstractHistorically, China has experienced frequent barrier lake breach hazards, and several cases have been monitored during their occurrences using complete breach flood hydrographs. These have enabled the analysis of dam breaches to be improved by merging hydraulics and soil mechanics expertise. Some novel improvements to analytical methods have also been published. This study presents the authors' proposed hyperbolic soil erosion and lateral enlargement models, together with a numerical algorithm that enables easy calculation of the breach flood hydrograph. In general, the peak flows calculated using this improved method agree with field measurements and are less sensitive to input parameters. The research outcomes are presented on an Excel spreadsheet (DB‐IWHR, online download available), and these are self‐explanatory with minimal tutorials. This software will be of particular use in an emergency situation, when it is necessary to quickly evaluate the breach flood. This study reviews four large‐scale barrier lake breaches; the Yigong breach which documented a peak flow close to 100,000 m3/s and the recent Baige breaches featuring burst recurrences over a month‐long period.This article is categorized under: Science of Water&gt; Water Extremes Engineering Water &gt; Planning Water

A crystal-growth boundary-fusion strategy to prepare high-quality MAPbI3 films for excellent Vis-NIR photodetectors

Rendering high-quality perovskite films is integral for excellent performance of optoelectronic devices and highly challenging as well. Here, we establish a two-round pressure-assisted solvent-engineering (TPS) strategy to achieve remarkable enhancement in grain size (~400 μm2), crystallinity, orientation and, especially, boundary fusion. Crystal growth and boundary welding of MAPbI3 grains are mainly attributed to pressure-enhanced ion diffusion and defect elimination, which facilitates lateral enlargement of grains and formation of ultra-smooth film. Dramatic diminution of trap density determines long carrier lifetime and improved lateral charge transport, as demonstrated by the superior performance of MAPbI3-based photodetectors, e.g. ultrahigh on/off ratio (~106), good stability, fast response, high responsivity and high detectivity (1.3 × 1014 Jones). When upconversion nanoparticles are uniformly assembled on the high-quality MAPbI3 films, interestingly, the hybrid device exhibits dominantly elevated photoelectric capability in near infrared range (NIR, 980 nm) with long-term stability in ambient air. The results and method pave a novel way for ongoing fabrication of efficient and stable optoelectronic devices based on high-quality perovskite films.

A comparative study of high-quality C-face and Si-face 3C-SiC(1 1 1) grown on off-oriented 4H-SiC substrates

We present a comparative study of the C-face and Si-face of 3C-SiC(111) grown on off-oriented 4H-SiC substrates by the sublimation epitaxy. By the lateral enlargement method, we demonstrate that the high-quality bulk-like C-face 3C-SiC with thickness of ~1 mm can be grown over a large single domain without double positioning boundaries (DPBs), which are known to have a strongly negative impact on the electronic properties of the material. Moreover, the C-face sample exhibits a smoother surface with one unit cell height steps while the surface of the Si-face sample exhibits steps twice as high as on the C-face due to step-bunching. High-resolution XRD and low temperature photoluminescence measurements show that C-face 3C-SiC can reach the same high crystalline quality as the Si-face 3C-SiC. Furthermore, cross-section studies of the C- and Si-face 3C-SiC demonstrate that in both cases an initial homoepitaxial 4H-SiC layer followed by a polytype transition layer are formed prior to the formation and lateral expansion of 3C-SiC layer. However, the transition layer in the C-face sample is extending along the step-flow direction less than that on the Si-face sample, giving rise to a more fairly consistent crystalline quality 3C-SiC epilayer over the whole sample compared to the Si-face 3C-SiC where more defects appeared on the surface at the edge. This facilitates the lateral enlargement of 3C-SiC growth on hexagonal SiC substrates.

PD24-08 PROSTATIC URETHRAL LIFT (PUL) SYMPTOM AND SEXUAL FUNCTION RESULTS MAINTAINED IN THE TREATMENT OF ALL TYPES OF PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT INCLUDING OBSTRUCTIVE MIDDLE LOBE

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The evidence showing that the Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) delivers excellent results with low morbidity has been based on studies of men with lateral lobe enlargement ...

Incremental Maxillomandibular Advancement: The Relationship Between Skeletal Advancement and Airway Volume

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive episodes of supra‐laryngeal airway collapse during sleep, causing increased airflow resistance and reduced respiration. Obstruction and reduced volume mainly occurs in the retropalatal (RPS) and/or retroglossal space (RGS). The most effective surgical treatment (save tracheostomy) is maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). During MMA, the skeletal framework is modified, thereby reducing airway collapse upon inspiration. A clear mechanistic understanding of MMA surgery describing airway dimensions and resulting volumetric increases does not yet exist. The primary objective of the study was to define volume changes during incremental MMA. The secondary objective was to measure where maximal airway tissue movement occurs.MethodsAn oral surgeon performed MMA on three fresh cadaveric heads (n=3). The mandible and maxilla were advanced by four implanted distraction devices (KLS Martin Inc.). The devices were bilaterally advanced by 2mm increments to 14mm to encompass the full range of clinical advancements. Computerized tomography (CT) scans, (0.6 mm isotropic, Siemens, O‐arm), were taken at baseline (no advancement) and each advancement level (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14mm). For the primary objective, total airway volume and linear anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) 2D dimensions of the RPS and RGS were analyzed at each incremental advancement using Amira™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific). To address the secondary objective, translation of airway tissues, radiopaque microbeads (800 μm, Ortech) were implanted at borders of the RPS and RGS using a syringe and endoscope and their movement was tracked through each advancement.ResultsDuring incremental MMA, airway volume increased at each increment compared to baseline. For 0–2, 2–4 &amp; 4–6mm, normalized volume increases were incrementally larger with each advancement [mean0–2mm = 20.3 ± 22.8%; mean2–4mm = 34.9 ± 13.8%; mean4–6mm = 62.4 ± 17.2%]. Consistent volumetric increases occurred during the advancements from 6mm to 10mm [mean6–8mm = 50.8 ± 27.0%; mean8–10mm = 45.6 ± 28.7%]. Preliminary analysis (n=1) shows that during early MMA (2mm–6mm), lateral dimensions increased at a greater magnitude compared to later advancements (8–14mm). Microbead migration supports these findings while highlighting airway wall movement.ConclusionWhile volumetric increases occur at each advancement, the greatest relative change occurs at the advancement from 4–6mm. Relative volumetric increases show a consistent increase in airway volume with each incremental advancement throughout 6–10mm. Lateral wall widening is the chief mechanism for early volume change, at advancements between 2–6mm, while AP dimensions are affected at 8–14mm advancements. The relationships between 2D (AP/LAT) changes and 3D (volume) demonstrate that volume change in initial advancements are primarily due to lateral enlargement. Depending on OSA severity, clinicians may exploit these relationships when performing MMA.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.