Latent Forces Research Articles

The two faces of hierarchy: CEO power and TMT learning diversity in technology venture innovation

AbstractThe relationship between top management team (TMT) members’ learning behavior and the innovation strategy of technology ventures remains unclear, especially when complicated by social hierarchies within the team. We draw on organizational learning theory to theorize that diversity in TMT members’ learning behavior has both positive and negative latent effects that produce an inverted U-shaped relationship between TMT learning diversity and a firm’s radical innovation strategy. Building on the social hierarchy literature, we also suggest that CEO power moderates this relationship by altering the latent forces: structurally powerful CEOs neutralize the benefits of TMT learning diversity, turning the link between learning diversity and radical innovation strategy predominantly negative, whereas prestigiously powerful CEOs neutralize the costs of TMT learning diversity, turning its relationship with the firm’s radical innovation strategy predominantly positive. Longitudinal, multi-source data from 77 TMTs support our model. The findings contribute to the research on learning and social hierarchies by illustrating how hierarchies rooted in different sources of power have different effects on the relationship between TMT learning diversity and innovation strategy.

Philosophy of Accelerationism: A New Way of Comprehending the Present Social Reality (in Nick Land’s Context)

Modern types of social reality require updated ways of comprehending them. The research is devoted to a new analytical form of understanding modernity that has recently emerged - accelerationism, still rarely discussed in Russian philosophy. The representatives of accelerationism call for a radical and rapid acceleration of socio-economic and technological processes in capitalist societies. The article reflects some ideas of the Manifesto for an Accelerationist Politics by Alex Williams and Nick Srnicek, after which the accelerationist trend in philosophy and social sciences intensified and gained clear theoretical guidelines. The Manifesto’s ideas about accelerating technological evolution as a means of resolving social conflicts, about unleashing all the latent forces of capitalist production to achieve a state of post-capitalism, denying a return to the Fordist type of production and calling for the restoration of the future as such, are highlighted. The Manifesto and the works of Nick Land, the founder and the most prominent representative of accelerationism, present the position of creating a new program and the very style of thinking with regard to changing the capitalist system along the vector of acceleration. The article pays attention to the interpretation of Gilles Deleuze’s and Félix Guattari’s concept of “deterritorialization” in Land’s works. It emphasizes the focus of accelerationism on the future as a kind of realization of the paradoxical thesis of “looking back from the future.” The content of Land’s accelerationist theory shows the fundamental concepts of K-space (cyberspace), K-war (cyberwar), time and reality, technocratic future of society as Techno-Capital Singularity, expansion of capital as opposed to its reterritorialization. The meaning of Land’s idea of an acceleration of capitalism and the transition to a more progressive future through the collapse of outmoded structures and phenomena of the existing system of capitalism and its technological basis is deduced.

Common Bubble Detection in Large Dimensional Financial Systems

Abstract Price bubbles in multiple assets are sometimes nearly coincident in occurrence. Such near-coincidence is strongly suggestive of co-movement in the associated asset prices and is likely driven by certain factors that are latent in the financial or economic system with common effects across several markets. Can we detect the presence of such common factors at the early stages of their emergence? To answer this question, we build a factor model that includes I(1), mildly explosive, and stationary factors to capture normal, exuberant, and collapsing phases in such phenomena. The I(1) factor models the primary driving force of market fundamentals. The explosive and stationary factors model latent forces that underlie the formation and destruction of asset price bubbles, which typically exist only for subperiods of the sample. The article provides an algorithm for testing the presence of and date-stamping the origination and termination of price bubbles determined by latent factors in a large-dimensional system embodying many markets. Asymptotics of the bubble test statistic are given under the null of no common bubbles and the alternative of a common bubble across these markets. We prove the consistency of a factor bubble detection process for the origination and termination dates of the common bubble. Simulations show good finite sample performance of the testing algorithm in terms of its successful detection rates. Our methods are applied to real estate markets covering eighty-nine major cities in China over the period January 2005 to December 2008. Results suggest the presence of a common bubble episode in what are known as China’s Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities from June 2007 to February 2008. There is also a common bubble episode in Tier 3 cities but of shorter duration.

Educational actions with women from an association of recyclable materials

The objective of this study was, based on a previous investigative process, to carry out educational actions with women from a recyclable materials association, with a view to the promotion and protection of health. The study is associated with an action research project. This manuscript address the final stages of the method, which are related to the interventions in the participants’ reality. To this end, regular health education workshops were conducted between March/2021 and July/2022, based on a previously designed and organized plan with the women from the association of recyclable materials. The results of this study demonstrate that health education transcends preconceived mental schemes and previously agreed schedules. It involves interactive and dialogical skills to try to influence the users’ behavior, as well as the mobilization of latent forces, in which each subject perceives himself as the protagonist of his own history. The authors conclude that education and health promotion require proactive leadership in the defense of life and health, through integral and effective dialogue with the various social actors.

Dreamlands: stories of enchantment and excess in a search for lost sensations

This paper reflects on the search for a lost, obscure piece of experimental architecture that appeared on the west coast of Scotland in the late 1960s. Encouraged by cultural geography’s efforts to recuperate storytelling as a valid mode of inquiry and to adopt a more enchanted, affirmative disposition to our endeavors, we develop a geographical story intended to draw out how enchanted experiences gained through curiosity and an openness to contingencies can serve as a vital force for sustaining geographical ways of being, doing and knowing with the world. This account focuses on our encounters with various research sites that we identify as ‘dreamlands’ to express the idiosyncratic, unregulated, unexpected sensations of wonder and delight that such places evoked, the excessive materialities they revealed and the imaginative processes they elicited. We argue that such dreamlands are not as superfluous as might be assumed by their uncanny absence from the polished end-products of scholarship, and instead, allude to the latent forces of enchantment to which geographers might become better attuned when conducting and crafting their research.

Arte y poesía en Cura Malal: un corral de piedras donde el paisaje y la comunidad resisten

From the artistic, poetic, archival and, fundamentally, collective actions promoted by the members of the Proyecto Hermosura in the territory of Cura Malal, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and, in turn, from the visual and archaeological work of one of its members and inhabitants of the place, Mercedes Resch, it is possible to read two important movements in this article. On the one hand, the processes of modernization and historical transformation in the community and in the rural-mountain landscape of Cura Malal; on the other, the processes of recovery and preservation of a sense of community and landscape that these historical transformations have left as ruins but that, at the same time, emerge as latent forces when we place our critical lense on them. Art and poetry are, in this way, individual and collective actions capable of making that survival visible, as well as protecting the community of Cura Malal and its natural environment from disappearing.

A unified psychological space for human perception of physical and social events

One of the great feats of human perception is the generation of quick impressions of both physical and social events based on sparse displays of motion trajectories. Here we aim to provide a unified theory that captures the interconnections between perception of physical and social events. A simulation-based approach is used to generate a variety of animations depicting rich behavioral patterns. Human experiments used these animations to reveal that perception of dynamic stimuli undergoes a gradual transition from physical to social events. A learning-based computational framework is proposed to account for human judgments. The model learns to identify latent forces by inferring a family of potential functions capturing physical laws, and value functions describing the goals of agents. The model projects new animations into a sociophysical space with two psychological dimensions: an intuitive sense of whether physical laws are violated, and an impression of whether an agent possesses intentions to perform goal-directed actions. This derived sociophysical space predicts a meaningful partition between physical and social events, as well as a gradual transition from physical to social perception. The space also predicts human judgments of whether individual objects are lifeless objects in motion, or human agents performing goal-directed actions. These results demonstrate that a theoretical unification based on physical potential functions and goal-related values can account for the human ability to form an immediate impression of physical and social events. This ability provides an important pathway from perception to higher cognition.

Economic Transition and the Evolution of City-Size Distribution of China’s Urban System

The evolution of city size distribution in China has gained a great deal of scholarly attention. However, little is known about the effect of economic transition on the reorganization of city size distribution in China. Using an urban hierarchy with cascade structure model, we decompose Zipf’s law into two exponential functions that provide a new way of examining the dynamic processes of urban system evolution. This study aims to investigate the dominating latent forces that affect China’s city size distribution through mathematical modeling of the hierarchical scaling laws based on census data of 1982, 1990, 2000, and 2010. A number of features of China’s city size distribution are found. First, the size distribution of Chinese cities displayed a clear trend of evolving toward the Zipf distribution, which is the result of economic transition from planned to market. Second, the rank-size pattern still deviates slightly from the standard Zipf distribution, as indicated by the narrow scaling range and departure of the scaling exponent from the theoretically expected value. We argue that the top-down state regulation is a critical cause of deviation of China’s city size distribution from Zipf’s law.

Integrating Domain Knowledge in Data-Driven Earth Observation With Process Convolutions

The modelling of Earth observation data is a challenging problem, typically approached by either purely mechanistic or purely data-driven methods. Mechanistic models encode the domain knowledge and physical rules governing the system. Such models, however, need the correct specification of all interactions between variables in the problem and the appropriate parameterization is a challenge in itself. On the other hand, machine learning approaches are flexible data-driven tools, able to approximate arbitrarily complex functions, but lack interpretability and struggle when data is scarce or in extrapolation regimes. In this paper, we argue that hybrid learning schemes that combine both approaches can address all these issues efficiently. We introduce Gaussian process (GP) convolution models for hybrid modelling in Earth observation (EO) problems. We specifically propose the use of a class of GP convolution models called latent force models (LFMs) for EO time series modelling, analysis and understanding. LFMs are hybrid models that incorporate physical knowledge encoded in differential equations into a multioutput GP model. LFMs can transfer information across time-series, cope with missing observations, infer explicit latent functions forcing the system, and learn parameterizations which are very helpful for system analysis and interpretability. We consider time series of soil moisture from active (ASCAT) and passive (SMOS, AMSR2) microwave satellites. We show how assuming a first order differential equation as governing equation, the model automatically estimates the e-folding time or decay rate related to soil moisture persistence and discovers latent forces related to precipitation. The proposed hybrid methodology reconciles the two main approaches in remote sensing parameter estimation by blending statistical learning and mechanistic modeling.

Russia in travelogues of Nikos Kazantzakis and Kostas Varnalis

This article is dedicated to compilation of travelogues “Ταξιδεύοντας. Ρουσία” (Journey to Russia) by N. Kazantzakis and “Τι είδα εις την Ρωσσίαν των Σοβιέτ” *What I discovered in Soviet Russia) by K. Varnalis. Similarity of theme of the texts (both authors describe their impression of visiting Russia as the reporters of the large Greek newspapers) allows tracing the impact of subjective factors upon the author’s perception of Soviet Russia and its representation in both texts. The research is based on the parallel review of the theme of both writings and the applied means of creation of the image of Russia. The conducted analysis demonstrates that Nikos Kazantzakis sees Russia and social experiments of the Soviet government in the mystical sense, perceiving the political coup and shift of power in the country as a testimony to the struggle of latent forces that move the human history. Kostas Varnalis in his notes appears as a communist-pragmatic, viewing Russia as an example of establishing just and perfect human society, success of which proves the failure of the bourgeois world order. The travelogues under consideration are insufficiently studied and have not been translated into the Russian language. Their parallel analysis is carried out for the first time, which defines the scientific novelty of this research.

Common Bubble Detection in Large Dimensional Financial Systems

Price bubbles in multiple assets are sometimes nearly coincident in occurrence. Such near-coincidence is strongly suggestive of co-movement in the associated asset prices and likely driven by certain factors that are latent in the financial or economic system with common effects across several markets. Can we detect the presence of such common factors at the early stages of their emergence? To answer this question, we build a factor model that includes both I(1) and mildly explosive factors to capture normal and exuberant phases in such phenomena. The I(1) factor models the primary driving force of market fundamentals. The explosive factor models latent forces that underlie the formation of asset price bubbles, which typically exist only for subperiods of the sample. The paper provides an algorithm for testing the presence of and date-stamping the origination of price bubbles determined by latent factors in a large-dimensional system embodying many markets. Asymptotics of the bubble test statistic are given under the null of no common bubbles and the alternative of a common bubble across these markets. We prove consistency of a factor bubble detection process for the origination date of the common bubble. Simulations show good finite sample performance of the testing algorithm in terms of its successful detection rates. Our methods are applied to real estate markets covering 89 major cities in China over the period January 2003 to March 2013. Results suggest the presence of three common bubble episodes in what are known as China's Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities over the sample period. There appears to be little evidence of a common bubble in Tier 3 cities.

Metaphor as a methodological tool: identifying teachers’ social justice dispositions across diverse secondary school settings

This article investigates the social justice dispositions of teachers and principals in secondary schools as inferred from their metaphoric expressions. Drawing on a Bourdieuian account of disposition, our focus is the use of metaphor as a methodological tool to identify and reveal these otherwise latent forces within our data. Our analysis shows evidence of redistributive, recognitive and activist conceptions of social justice. We argue that these three social justice dispositions may be insufficient to meaningfully address persisting inequalities in the school system and that a capability-based social justice disposition – absent in our data – is needed. We conclude by highlighting that: social justice dispositions can change; a valid interpretation of metaphors requires ‘contextual stabilization’; and metaphors for social justice are differently constructed in different contexts, influenced by the different social, cultural and material conditions of schools.

Synthesis, characterization, and micellar behaviors of hydroxyethyl cellulose-graft-poly(lactide/ε-caprolactone/p-dioxanone)

In response to the shortage of petroleum resources and the growing need for sustainable development, cellulose-based amphiphilic copolymers have emerged as a new generation of value-added functional nanostructures from biomass resources. In this article, 17 amphiphilic hydroxyethyl cellulose-based graft copolymers with different side chains, including poly(lactide), poly(e-caprolactone) and poly(p-dioxanone), were synthesized via homogeneous ring opening polymerization in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The resultant copolymers can self-assemble into micelles with a low critical micelle concentration that varies in the range of 0.03–0.24 mg/ml. TEM observations revealed the obtained micelles had a spherical and well-distributed morphology, and DLS analysis showed the nanoscaled sizes were between 40 and 150 nm. These HEC-based micelles can be used as nano-sized vesicles and have great latent forces in drug delivery systems.

Of divinatory connaissance in South-Saharan Africa: the bodiliness of perception, inter-subjectivity and inter-world resonance

Branching out from recent perspectives on divination in Africa, this study explores a fresh approach that engages in a constructive dialogue between local knowledge practices and Western-derived human sciences. A first section positions this essay within an emerging debate over the perspectival ontological turn in anthropology – in line with Viveiros de Castro (2004) – which holds that people's culture-specific ontology – such as, envisaging some propensity in the fabric between the human, things, fauna, flora and inter-worldly force-fields – is most explicitly voiced in the divinatory oracle and expressed in the ensuing healing and societal redress. The study then outlines the post-Lacanian matrixial model, defined by Ettinger (2006), that re-examines the originary processes unlocking, and inter-connecting in, the matrixial borderzone between body and psyche of mother and foetus or infans. A second section then focuses on the oracular scrutiny typically employed by the mediumistic Yaka diviner in southwestern DR Congo. Such practice, it is contended, induces the diviner to sense out in the consulting kin group the bewitching force-effects and the unspeakable in the inter-generational realm. The oracle unconceals some unguessed fate in the client's inter-generational line, in particular the inter-corporeal embeddedness of latent memory traces and forces of ill-bearing. Third, the study will conclude by evaluating – along the terms of the local culture's genius – the perspectivist stance and matrixial model.

Some Problems of Psychological Counseling and Guidance System in Turkey

Abstract Student personality services are the most important part of the guidance and counseling services. These services are the best indicator which school is just not a place that provides students’ academic development. To provide consulting services is very important for the student's self-realization, become aware of the latent forces and establish healthy relationships with other people as a social entity. Turkey is influenced by USA to create a system of guidance and psychological counselling. The staff who carries out this work in public school, is called as Guidance Teacher. There are some problems, which are qualitative and quantitative deficiencies, about regarding the execution of works by Guidance Teachers. In this study, the findings, found by using litterateur scanning method, are reviewed. Especially qualitative deficiencies are addressed on the basis of guidance teachers.

The signature of the city: abandonment and dreaming in colonial Williamsburg and Ottawa

Exploring the themes of abandonment and dreaming in relation to two North American capital cities, this interdisciplinary narrative essay examines the Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's influence on the planning and architecture of Ottawa in relation to his frequent visits to Colonial Williamsburg, the restored former capital of Virginia. At the invitation of John D. Rockefeller Jr., King became a regular guest in Williamsburg during the 1930s and 1940s culminating in the conferral of an honorary degree by the College of William and Mary in 1948. The records of these visits provide a diagnostic used to conceptualize the 'signature' of the capital city. In abandonment and in dreaming, capital cities are especially exposed to latent forces of nature and of 'museumification'. These two forces created a tension that complicated attempts by King and Rockefeller to leave permanent architectural legacies in the signatures of their respective capitals.

Global financial crisis: causes and perspectives

PurposeThis study aims at examining the current global financial crisis, by emphasizing its main causes and perspectives to define the way they can be avoided in the future. The paper argues that there is a need for a new International Financial System with the function of coordinating and guiding the different national and supranational institutions.Design/methodology/approachThis article used complexity theory and viable system approach.FindingsThe findings suggest they are implicit features of these kinds of markets, due to their high uncertainty and hyper‐competitiveness, rather than temporary deviation from normal equilibrium. In this way, financial markets can be thought as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), which may precipitate in disorder and chaos because of a seemingly mild event, which activates latent forces and leads to emerging and unpredictable consequences. The orientation of international partners is to move towards a new international financial system, where the stabilization of financial system does not pass only through the bodies created in Bretton Woods, but through the endowment of new rules and new structures.Research limitations/implicationsThe research faces with evolutionary issues and it is impossible to know the total value of toxic derivatives still circulating in the world. Furthermore, the banks are still using the innovative finance to generate short‐term profits and shareholders' value.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest some measures to limit future instability and crises, and to reduce their negative consequences.Originality/valueThe paper provides a new methodology to examine the financial crises and the way to limit them.

Rhetorics of Transformation in Rimbaud's Illuminations

This article considers the figure of the poet as described in the second of Rimbaud's lettres du voyant as a 'multiplicateur de progrès'. The poetic 'multiplication' to which Rimbaud refers is not intended to reflect a calculated conduct, but to suggest an uncontainable, multidirectional activity that is at variance with the uniform spatio-temporal patterns of 'Progress'. Rimbaud's Illuminations consistently reappropriate, fragment and redeploy a progressive or utopian rhetoric common to many nineteenth-century popular movements and doctrines of social reform. For Rimbaud, this rhetoric of social transformation holds a peculiar potential to solicit an economy of residual energies and the latent forces of the collectivity. It thus serves an important constitutive function in the Rimbaldian prose poem, projecting a highly suggestive vision of physical and social interaction and a miscellany of slogans, catchwords and images of social harmony that Rimbaud fragments and redeploys to catalyze the processes of imaginative ferment.

A Study of the Five Aggregates (khandha) on the Basis of the Text-critical Investigations of Early Buddhism

It is to be reconsidered how to study Early Buddhism. I stress the importance of the text-critical investigations and demonstrations.It seems peculiar to Buddhism from early on that our human existence is analytically grasped as consisting of five aggregates (khandha), i. e. the sensible (rupa), sensation (vedana), conceptual image (sañña), mental and physical latent forces (samkhara) and cognition (viññana). But there are other orders of aggregates. According to the traditions of the Vedanta, i. e., Sankara and others (ad Brahma-sutra 2.2.18) the order is rupa-vijñana-vedana-samjña-samskara, and according to Jaina-tradition, i. e., Haribhadra-suri (Saddarsana-samuccaya 1.5) it is vijñanam vedana samjña samskaro rupam. Harivarman's Chengshi lun _??__??__??_ (vol. 3, T. 32, No. 1646, 261a7-) which was translated by Kumarajiva in 412 enumerates rupa-vijñana-samjña-vedana-samskara. In the fifth century Buddhaghosa in his Visuddhimagga (PTS ed. 45215-) explained the five aggregates in the same order as that of Sankara's enumeration. So Sankara and others must have had some credible Buddhist sources.I investigate original and developed meanings of each of the five aggregates, and lastly consider the original and developed meaning of nama-rupa (name and form) which is looked upon as the cause (samudaya) of cognition (viññana) It means originally name and personal looks, then mind and body, and is explained as being composed of five aggregates or four aggregates except cognition.

Soviet interrepublican capital transfers and the republics' level of development, 1966?1991

We suggest the following interpretation of the results obtained. In the 1960s and 1970s, Soviet investment policy, directly countered the tendency towards economic divergence between the republics. Gradually, however, the aim ofoutput maximization gained in importance with respect to that ofequality. In the late 1970s, Soviet planners began to regard their economic growth rates as insufficient. Capital redistribution from rich to poor was done away with so as to improve overall Soviet economic performance, and interrepublican economic inequality began to rise soon after. After 1985, the effort to accelerate Soviet economic growth (output maximization in a dynamic setting) came to be referred to by the termuskoreniye. By increasing interrepublican economic inequality, this policy released latent centrifugal forces. We may cautiously conclude that the dissolution of the Soviet empire should be attributed not only toperestroika, but also touskoreniye. In the near future, capital transfers can be expected to come to a complete halt. As a result, interrepublican inequality will increase further still.