Latent Conflict Research Articles

Cross-Cultural Women's Dialectics to Promote Gender Equality Within SDGs and Reducing Potential Conflict in Manado

Objective: The aim of this research is to verify the findings obtained from the previous research, as well as to explore the role of women in promoting gender equality and within the process of preventing conflict, especially in Indonesia's patriarchal culture. Theoretical Framework: the main concept using in this research is the findings of the previous year's research revealed that in general there were three factors that led to latent conflict, religious factors, political factors and economic factors. This research also uses dialectic communication theory. Method: The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study research approach. Research data was obtained through focus group discussions with community leaders to obtain solid results. Results and Discussion: The research results show that experts or sources confirm that the three conflict factors are latent, namely: religion, politics and economics. Then the role of women is still very limited, because women do not have much space to move in public spaces, although this does not reduce the role of women in efforts to prevent conflict and maintain harmony in society. Research Implications: The findings from the research can be used as a reference in creating policy texts regarding how to maintain peace by prioritizing the role of women in society in Indonesia. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by explaining latent factors that can become potential conflicts and how to prevent them through a cross-cultural dialectical process carried out by women.

Implementing a novel process for solving contentious conservation problems: The genetic status of K'gari wongari (Fraser Island Dingoes) as a case study

SummaryMany conservation problems remain intractable because of conflicting views between policymakers, managers, researchers, conservationists and community stakeholders. Novel approaches to resolving these conflicts are required to achieve conservation outcomes that are more broadly acceptable. The conservation and management of K'gari wongari (Fraser Island's Dingoes) is emblematic of such a situation. Here we describe the successful implementation of a novel approach to advancing one such formerly intractable issue – assessing the genetic health and status of the island's Dingoes to resolve latent conflicts and assist protected area managers with their conservation activities. We developed a participatory, independent approach centred on community workshops to identify research priorities, expert workshops to identify appropriate research methods, then the commissioning of independent scientific research to address community priorities in accordance with the experts' suggested methods. The overall aim of the project was to provide managers with robust and policy‐ready information on the genetic health and status of the Dingoes – information that also met community expectations and was widely supported by subject matter experts. The participatory approach of the project achieved this aim and was completed successfully and satisfactorily for all involved despite the occurrence of some expected challenges and necessary compromises. Here we describe the background to the problem, how the project was designed, the key challenges the project faced during implementation, and the key learnings from the exercise, thereby highlighting its innovative features as a participatory conflict resolution process. This process could be applied to advance other conservation problems hampered by conflicting stakeholder views.

Multidimensional conflicts over disarmament and international security: analyzing speeches in the First Committee of the UN General Assembly

Abstract In this article, we explore the rhetorical space structuring the debates in the United Nations General Assembly's (UNGA) Committee on Disarmament and International Security. To this end, we unfold states' speeches by combining three established methods. First, we estimate terms' relevance for latent topics structuring the debates with structural topic modeling. Second, we estimate topic-specific positions based on the Wordfish algorithm. Third, we map these positions onto a lower-dimensional rhetorical space using principal component analysis. We identify two latent conflicts. First, a debate over conventional weapons with states emphasizing security interests on the one end and humanitarian interests on the other. Second, a conflict over weapons of mass destruction that divides defenders and challengers of the status quo.

Understanding the involvement/exclusion paradox in disaster volunteering from a field-theoretical perspective

In disasters, volunteers who have not been affiliated to official disaster response organisations are likely to enter the scene. Although such unofficial responders (UR) are increasingly recognised as a valuable resource in both research and practice, their full utilisation, integration, and cooperation with the official response (OR) is rare. Although researchers have increasingly examined the barriers and drivers of UR involvement, this “involvement/exclusion paradox”, coined by Harris et al. (2017), remains puzzling. Applying a field-theoretical perspective, this paper argues that disasters are critical moments in which the field itself is put under pressure at multiple focal points. For instance, UR who enter the scene and try to become involved jeopardize the field: they increase the number of involved agents, increase the competition over symbolic profit, and question the definition of proper disaster response. Taking a case-study of a mudslide disaster in the Austrian Alps, this paper examines the strategies by which OR tame pressure associated with UR. Three strategies were revealed: boundary definition, boundary defence, and boundary opening, which aim at establishing and upholding boundaries by increasing both their robustness and elasticity. The findings contribute to a theoretically underpinned understanding of UR involvement and encourage critical reflection on the relations between UR and OR by revealing tensions and latent conflicts.

The Republic of South Ossetia in the Context of Regional Security Threats

The article analyzes the security problems in the South Caucasus. The emphasis is placed on the key security threats to the Republic of South Ossetia, which is actually in a state of latent conflict with Georgia. The article uses the method of situational analysis (sitanalysis), which involves considering the problem at the applied level, identifying all the factors that influence the formation of the situation. The author considers that the most important part of the situational analysis is the development of practical recommendations in order to implement a favorable forecast and, if possible, avoid an unfavorable course of events.According to the author’s main conclusions, the Republic of South Ossetia is currently facing a number of serious external threats to its national security in the South Caucasus. The existing threats, challenges and risks for South Ossetia in the South Caucasus region tend to increase, both in local and regional variants. According to the author, efforts should continue to create a sustainable security architecture in the South Caucasus in order to prevent any violent scenarios for resolving existing contradictions and achieving sustainable peace and stability in the region.

Managing the interfunctional war: Mitigating the negative effects of conflict between sales and marketing

Despite their joint responsibility for creating, communicating, and delivering customer value, relationships between marketing and sales (M&S) functions are often suboptimal and fraught with conflict. Yet, the complex nature of M&S conflict, as well as conflict management techniques, have been insufficiently explored. We collect data from 252 M&S managers at large US firms to test a moderated mediation conceptual model. This study explores M&S latent conflict and manifest conflict and empirically tests the link between them. We also examine flexible conflict intervention (FCI) as a mitigating factor in a conditional relationship between task conflict and firm performance. We find that both competition for resources and relative functional identification positively predict M&S task conflict, while divergence of goals has no such effect. Moreover, FCI attenuates the harmful effects of task conflict on firm performance. This study benefits practitioners and researchers with new insights regarding conflict management solutions at the M&S interface.

SCHILLER’S MOTIFS IN THE IMAGE OF LENSKY IN A.S. PUSHKIN’S NOVEL EUGENE ONEGIN

When creating the image of Lensky, Pushkin combined two concepts of how Schiller was perceived in Russian culture of the 1820s: “sublime”, freedomloving, idealistic (as a figure of Sturm und Drang) and “pseudo-romantic”, elegiac, dating back to translations of Schiller’s elegies and ballads by Zhukovsky. At the same time, Pushkin himself in Eugene Onegin, obviously, does not completely separate them and does not oppose them, updating one or the other if necessary. The projection of both in the novel ranges from ironic reduction to sympathetic acceptance, which, along with their latent conflict with each other, creates a dialectical tension of Lensky’s image. It is Schiller’s motifs that give this image depth. In the draft versions, the exposition of Lensky’s image, the expressiveness and passion of his nature, rebellion and political engagement of the poet are much more strongly emphasized. But the author, while working on the text, “shifts” the image of Lensky towards a dreamy elegiac, while maintaining a recognizable Schiller appearance. The description of Lensky’s ideals moves entirely along the lines of Schiller’s philosophy and creativity. In this regard, the article for the first time examines possible reminiscences to the image of Lensky from Schiller’s poems “Die Hoffnung”, “Die Ideale”, “Die Freundschaft”, “Der Triumph der Liebe”, “Das Geheimnis der Reminiszenz. An Laura”, “Die Künstler”, “Das Glück”, “Das Ideal und das Leben”, “Der Flüchtling”. Having parodied the tradition of “dull” elegy on the example of Lensky’s dying poems, the author unexpectedly places two similar elegies as lyrical digressions. Despite the predominance of the Byron ideological and artistic context in the novel and Pushkin’s apparent irony in relation to the Schiller tradition, it represented for him a possible reference point for the development of Russian literature.

Evaluation of collaborative water governance in the Cinambo Sub-watershed, Bandung City (case study: Wetland Park Cisurupan)

The “Wetland Park Cisurupan” Retention Area development program is one of the multi-stakeholder collaboration programs in the Cinambo Sub-watershed initiated by Bandung City Public Works Agency. This retention area is expected to reduce water runoff to Gedebage Sub-Region. Collaborative governance efforts carried out at Wetland Park Cisurupan need to be evaluated to serve as lessons for stakeholders and as follow-up recommendations. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the extent to which the Cisurupan Wetland Park development program in the context of the cinambo sub-watershed has implemented the principles of collaborative water governance. To achieve this goal, this research uses qualitative descriptive methods. Data processing uses data sourced from primary data, namely observation, interviews, collecting big data from social media in the form of WhatsApp chat groups “Cisurupan Temporer”, “Strategic plan Cisurupan”, and “Cisurupan 4 october” as well as Instagram posts with the hashtag #wetlandparkcisurupan, interviews, then secondary data from government agencies and the internet. Based on the measurement of 23 indicators of collaborative water governance in the sub-watershed, it can be concluded that the Wetland Park Cisurupan program is sufficient to meet the principles of collaborative water governance in the sub-watershed. Communication between stakeholders in this collaboration, which is seen from WhatsApp and Instagram, is considered effective for coordination, increasing public participation, and avoiding latent conflicts becoming manifest by being open to the collaboration process. Facilitative leadership is one of the keys to consistency in collaborative governance.

Mathematical Models of Migration Balance and Migration Attitudes in Armenia

The purpose of the study is to provide a quantitative explanation of the migration balance and migration attitudes in Armenian society. A linear regression model has been constructed to explain the dependence of the migration balance on variables at the macro level, including annual GDP growth, the internal and external political state of Armenia. Data from the Armenian Statistical Service on statistics of border movements and annual GDP growth were used. The foreign policy state is represented by a variable taking the values “Truce”, “War”, and “Intense War”. The internal political state is represented by a variable taking the values “Open conflict”, “Latent conflict”, “Balanced”, “Positive expectations”, and “High expectations”. Based on the model, an estimate of the migration balance for 2023 was calculated. According to a sociological survey conducted in November 2022 using the structural modeling method (Structural Equation Modeling), two models were built that explain migration attitudes in society through the socio-economic characteristics of the respondent and characteristics of his political culture, including: the presence of a labor migrant in the family, the age of the respondent, approval of the 2018 revolution in Armenia, the realization of expectations from the revolution, a sense of political competence, political subjectivity and patriotism. The results of the study can be used to forecast the migration balance and migration attitudes in the society, as well as strategic planning and management of migration processes in Armenia.

Whether or Not to Open the Pandora’s Box: An Analysis of Latent Conflict in Vulnerable Neighbourhoods with High Socio-Cultural Diversity in Spain

ABSTRACT Worldwide, vulnerable neighbourhoods of large cities are often the scene of collective violent conflicts linked with migration and ethnic minorities’ struggles for social justice. However, urban conflicts of this kind have not taken place in Spanish cities with high immigration rates, even though the country has been deeply affected by two recent socioeconomic crises (2009 and 2020). This article reports findings of a study aimed at understanding what lies behind this apparent social peace. The research methodology was based on an analysis of secondary socio-economic and socio-relational data from the Spanish Institute of Statistics and from key national surveys and reports. Results confirmed that immigrant population living in the country are strongly segregated in the lower strata of the labour and socioeconomic structure and have been disproportionately affected by the crises. However, research findings also pointed to the existence of strong closed support networks where social capital has been effective at palliating members’ disadvantage and unrest. Drawing on the Theory of Rupture Frames, we argue that this is a fragile and unsustainable social peace, rooted in social injustice, and anticipate that unless actively prevented, uncontrolled conflict will eventually emerge in main cities’ neighbourhoods in Spain.

Kepemimpinan Berdasarkan Kecerdasan Emosional Di MA Yayasan Pondok Karya Pembangunan Sentani

Leadership with high EQ will be able to motivate themselves, then resonate with those around them. For a leader, emotional intelligence is an absolute requirement. Again, it is very unfortunate that our education is poor in concepts in helping to develop emotional intelligence (EQ), for students and university students. EQ training is essential to foster a dialogical, democratic, and participatory climate because all require emotional maturity in understanding and accepting differences. Ethnic, religious, and cultural plurality will become a source of latent conflict if it is not accompanied by the growth of dialogical culture and empathy. Research on Leadership Based on Emotional Intelligence at MA Yayasan Pondok Karya Pembangunan Sentani is a type of qualitative research, namely research that is not only ambitious to collect data in terms of quantity, but also wants to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena that have been recorded. For example, exploring whether or not leaders are effective based on emotional intelligence (EQ). The results found that the Head of Madrasah MA Yayasan Pondok Karya Pembangunan Sentani was able to be firm and authentic, able to talk openly about his emotions or beliefs about the vision that guided them. They are receptive to constructive criticism and feedback, they also know when to ask for help and where to focus on growing new strengths.

Re‐thinking policy and (multi‐level) governance failure: What went wrong and why in the reception of Ukrainian refugees in Italy?

AbstractFollowing the outbreak of the war in Ukraine and the arrival of 170,000 refugees, the already fragile Italian refugee system was forced to undergo major re‐structuring and expansion. Re‐organisation included the adoption of partially new multi‐level governance relationships, as well as political instruments. Despite the widespread positive attitude of public opinion toward the Ukrainian refugees and the bipartisan support for their reception, the outcome of the policy has been not in line with the goals the proponents set out to achieve. In fact, there have been delays, poor assistance to those who have offered to host, and, in the end, a partial waste of the economic and human resources which were devoted to the reception itself. The purpose of this article is to investigate the origin and development of the “vices” of this process, departing from the interpretive lens on policy and governance failure. Our findings consolidate the theoretical challenge to the reductive binary rhetoric on success and failure, and the classic view of failure confined to formulation and implementation. In addition, the article shows that multi‐level governance dynamics are strongly relevant in explaining the “vices” of policies, particularly highlighting the role, until now largely disregarded, of the latent conflicts between the actors involved. The study has benefited from 38 semi‐structured interviews with political actors, including third‐party organisations and public actors, the analysis of political documents, and local and national media.

Framing Theory Perspective of Identity and Narratives of Conflict in Nigerian Media

The first casualty in any conflict situation is often the nature of communication among the conflict actors. Perhaps, that is why conflict is commonly referred to as “breakdown in communication.” In this direction, this study examines framing theory perspectives of identity and narratives of conflict in Nigeria media. Conflict is naturally attractive and a source of news for the media. It is “the bread and butter” of journalism. Since independence in 1960, Nigeria has suffered some of the most obstinate conflicts, most of them constructed from differences in religious and ethnic identities. Religious and ethnic nationalism has led to conflicts about control of state power, unequal allocation of resources, economic decline, and religious clashes. In this context, the media have an important role to play in promoting honest, accurate, and timely information about the issues that will reduce tension, create the conditions for equitable development and reduce the level of ignorance and fear that contribute to misunderstanding and hostility in society. This presumption confers on the media the ability to either escalate or de-escalate conflict situations. This study, therefore, focuses on identity and media narratives of conflict, triangle and levels of conflict analysis, manifest and latent conflict management, including the role of the media in managing and resolving conflict.

Negotiating autonomy in the public sector and nonprofits “collaborations” in politically contested fields

AbstractNonprofits are increasingly involved in cross‐sectoral collaborations with the public sector. However, we know little about the dynamics behind these collaborations and what happens to them in politically contested fields where actors may have divergent positions. In this article, a multi‐country comparison of data gathered from semi‐structured interviews (n = 68) with representatives of nonprofits involved in the labor market inclusion of newcomers is presented. Our findings indicate that, in politically contested fields, the possibility of participating in cross‐sectoral collaborations (political autonomy) is influenced by nonprofits' financial and ideological autonomy. Welfare models and migration regimes play a fundamental role in shaping the inclusion of these organizations in collaborations, and in most cases, the collaborations are based on latent conflicts. Our article discusses that if the costs of autonomy associated with cross‐sectoral collaborations are not offset, the collaboration in a politically contested field becomes a liability for nonprofits (and their beneficiaries).

A GIS-based approach to identifying communities underserved by primary health care services-An Afghanistan case study.

Afghanistan has been in an active state of conflict and war for twenty continuous years. Social services like health and education have been badly affected, facing issues such as service disruption, brain drain, and generalized instability. Health indices that provide proxy indicators for general population wellness, such as maternal health, child mortality, and immunization coverage, show that the health services available to the Afghan population are sub-optimal. Investment in social service and interventions has increased. The World Bank and the United Nations through its agencies (The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations' Children's Fund (UNICEF) are providing social support through targeted and strategic programs. However, the topographic and environmental realities of Afghanistan, with its broad mountain coverage, propensity toward natural disasters, and latent conflict, has made data and information gathering arduous. Since data is essential for measurement and management, the WHO Health Emergencies (WHE) information management unit at WHO Afghanistan has delivered an innovative form of data analysis, specialized and targeted at providing improved information on communities that are not adequately covered by health services. Deploying a geographical information system (GIS) approach, the WHE team has collated primary and secondary data from a combination of datasets to produce a far-reaching piece of analysis. The analysis of underserved communities in hard to reach, remote locations, provides a live, evidence-based information product. This provides a working tool that is essential to primary health programming and intervention in Afghanistan. The estimates show that approximately 9.5 million individuals in 22,181 villages across 34 provinces are underserved by primary health services. This paper is presented to explain the underpinning methodology.

Conflict and crime. Restorative justice in Italy.

The article presents a socio-legal analysis of the Legislative Decree (Lgs.D.) of 10 October 2022, n.150, implementing the law of 27 September 2021, n.134 (so-called "Cartabia reform"), which provides for the introduction in Italy of a comprehensive framework regulation of restorative justice. The central theme of this paper is precisely the conflict connected to a crime, the offender-victim relationship and restorative justice in the light of the aforementioned decree. As Luhmann observes, the omnipresence of conflicts in society is self-evident. Even the crime produces a conflict or, at times, is the extreme expression of a pre-existing and sometimes latent conflict. The problem that arises is, therefore, that of the control and management of conflicts. These are usually managed by the law, but, given its limitations, it is increasingly necessary to encourage the use of restorative justice programs. On an interpersonal level, conflict triggers a negative mechanism of hostility and disavowal of the other, which either wraps itself in an explosive vortex, or deviates, becoming the pretext for abandoning the only form of communication that conflict makes possible, as Luhmann observes, the one based on "no". The Italian regulatory intervention certainly appears relevant, albeit with some critical issues, and to be kept under observation for future application developments.

Who should be allowed to host sporting mega-events? On the public acceptance of criteria to justify hosting decisions

ABSTRACT Criticism has accompanied some of the most recent decisions of international sports organisations for the staging of Olympic Games or FIFA World Cups. Many hosts – from Russia and China to Qatar – have been heavily criticised in Western countries (e.g. Germany) for political and societal grievances up to and including calls for protests and boycotts. This raises several questions concerning the public acceptance of hosting decisions: What criteria does the public consider to be most important when hosting decisions are made? What role should be given to political vs. sports-related criteria? Which population groups are more likely to prioritise political criteria over sports-related criteria? The paper provides insights into these questions based on a representative survey (N = 1,002) from Germany. Results show that Germans consider political and sustainability criteria as of highest importance for justifying hosting decisions. The findings also reveal a latent conflict between political criteria and sports-related criteria. Support for prioritising political considerations (instead of sporting criteria) when making hosting decisions comes from younger, female, politically engaged and politically left individuals, but much less strongly from the core group of media sports consumers.

An Integrated Approach to the Conceptualisation and Measurement of Social Cohesion

The core sociological subject of ‘social cohesion’ (hereafter SC) has re-emerged as a key concept in the social sciences. On the one hand, SC is thought to be influenced by a society’s degree of inequalities and the quality of its welfare state. On the other hand, SC is thought to be instrumental in its own right to other factors such as economic growth, institutional quality, and individual well-being. In recent years, a few attempts have been made to measure SC empirically. Many current indices have not been sufficiently theoretically substantiated, and do not consider the importance of different ‘social levels’ when explaining and measuring SC as both cause and effect of other correlates. Very often, SC is simply defined as a ‘social quality’ or a quality of a collective. As a result, measures are often aggregate macro-indices leading to a loss of the information base of any social ‘units’ below the macro-societal-level. Contributing to this important methodological debate, this paper provides a conceptual reformulation of SC. Hence, when assessing SC based on a multi-dimensional index, it is insightful and feasible to evaluate both its internal variation as well as its holistic validity. In fact, it is proposed that these two aspects of measurement stand in direct relationship to one-another. The paper starts out with a discussion of SC as a ‘social fact’ in the Durkheimian sense. In addition, three bridging propositions on the measurement of SC are advanced: (a) SC as outcome or consequence at the level of individual attitudes and orientations (‘micro’); (b) SC as degree of dissimilarity and presence of latent conflict within a society at the level of salient social categories (‘meso’), and (c) SC as predictor, social determinant and hence antecedent at the societal-level (‘macro’). Using all rounds of the European Social Survey with a very large sample size, the advantages of this approach are illustrated by singling-out the important link between socio-economic inequalities, social cohesion and individual subjective well-being in a path of action.

KONFLIK PENGUASAAN DAN PENGUSAHAAN SUMUR TUA MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO, JAWA TIMUR

The conflict of control and exploitation of old oil and gas wells in Bojonegoro Regency is a latent conflict between the people or groups of miners and Pertamina EP Asset IV Field Cepu, which is latent and difficult to resolve. This normative legal research, supported by in-depth interviews, aims to find the legal aspects of control and exploitation by the people and the multiple conflicts that occur as well as ideas for their resolution. The results show: 1) Pertamina EP's control and exploitation of old wells is based on statutory regulations, while the control and exploitation by the people is only based on customary law. 2) Differences in perception between Pertamina EP can be settled through: a) legalizing, facilitating requirements and shortening the bureaucracy for licensing upstream and downstream activities by the people; b) reducing the ambiguity attitude of Pertamina EP which does not want to work on old wells but still hopes for the results; c) Pertamina EP, the Regional Government and Perhutani should continue to provide guidance, supervision.

Oppositional Genealogy of Ḥanābilah towards al-Ma’mūn’s Miḥna Policy: Nomos and Authority Conflict

While consolidating democracy in Muslim-majority countries like many Arab countries today, the problem of opposition between the people and the rulers still leaves a latent conflict. The opposition is not new in the Islamic world. In this context, the Ḥanābilah oppositional movement against the al-Ma'mūn's miḥna policy finds its significance here. The article aimed to determine the genealogy of the Ḥanābilah opposition to the al-Ma'mūn's miḥna policy and to correct the Weberian perspective in reading socio-religious movements, mainly the movement carried out by the Ḥanābilah ulema community by offering a socio-convergent perspective. This article is more a religious research than research on religion. The data in this study were sourced from books written by Ibn Ḥanbal and other relevant books. Data were analyzed using data display, data verification, and conclusions techniques. The results show that Ibn Ḥanbal's opposition to the miḥna is motivated by maintaining theological orthodoxy and protecting the authority of the Sunni ulema. Ḥanābilah's oppositional actions are more related to the conflict of authority. This convergence thesis is in line with the blurred approach of Edmund Burke and Adonis or the double-edged sword theory of Alberto Melluci. Opposition as part of efforts to construct a civilized political system which is not only seen from an opposing side but also as a sparring partner in carrying out the function of amr ma'rūf nahy munkar 'commanding right and forbidding wrong' to the government to realize good governance.