Latent Acidosis Research Articles

Effects of dietary protein-load and alkaline supplementation on acid-base balance and glucose metabolism in healthy elderly.

Metabolism is controlled by macro- and micronutrients. Protein-rich diets should lead to latent acidosis at tissue level with further negative implications. Food supplements with alkaline salts are available and popular pretending to prevent these changes. Within a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial we tested the hypotheses that (1) a 4-week protein-rich diet induces a latent tissue acidosis and (2) an alkaline supplement can compensate this. Acid-base balance and important metabolic parameters were determined before and after 4 weeks of supplementation by peripheral blood samples, indirect calorimetry and muscle microdialysis before and after a protein-rich test meal. Fourty volunteers were randomised 1:1 to either verum or placebo supplements. Protein-rich diet by itself did not significantly affect acid-base balance. Alkaline supplementation increased plasma bicarbonate concentration without changing pH. Postprandial increases in serum glucose and insulin tended to be lower for verum vs. placebo. Resting and postprandial energy metabolism, and carbohydrate and fat oxidation did not differ significantly before and after supplementation in both groups. In muscle, postprandial glucose uptake and aerobic glucose oxidation were significantly higher for verum. In addition, verum significantly increased serum magnesium concentrations. Four weeks of protein-rich diet did not significantly influence acid-base balance. However, alkaline supplementation improved systemic and tissue acid-base parameters and oxidative glucose metabolism.

Entsäuerung mit einer Orthomolekularkombination zur Revitalisierung

Die latente Azidose hat zunehmende Bedeutung bei vielen Krankheiten. In dieser Praxisstudie wurde an 10 Probanden eine in der Praxis bewährte Orthomolekularkombination im Hinblick auf Veränderungen im Säure-Basen-Geschehen untersucht. Als Messmethoden dienten die venöse Bluttitration und der Urin-Test nach Sander. Es zeigte sich, dass klinische Verbesserungen mit scheinbaren Verschlechterungen der Messwerte einhergehen. Diese Veränderungen müssen als Reinigung der Matrix gesehen werden. Die applizierte Orthomolekularkombination hat einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Grundgeschehen in der Matrix.

Dose effect of live yeasts on rumen microbial communities and fermentations during butyric latent acidosis in sheep: new type of interaction

AbstractSix ruminal cannulated Texel sheep were used to assess the dose response and the effect of live yeasts (Levucell® SC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077) on the prevention of induced ruminal latent acidosis. The sheep received, in a replicated 3×3 Latin-square design, an acidotic diet (wheat +lucerne hay, 60:40 (dry matter (DM) basis); starch: 410 g/kg DM) without yeast (control group; L0 treatment), supplemented with 0·2 g/day yeast (4×109colony-forming units (c.f.u.) per day corresponding to producer recommendations; L1 treatment) or with 2 g/day yeast (4×1010c.f.u. per day; L10 treatment). The following measurements were carried out: food intake, ruminal pH, ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate and ammonia (NH3) concentrations, protozoal and lactate-utilizing bacterial counts, relative proportions of two main bacteria implicated in lactate metabolism (a lactate-producing species, Streptococcus bovis, and a lactate-utilizing species, Megasphaera elsdenii) using specific 16S-rRNA-targeting oligonucleotide probes, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and of polysaccharidases involved in plant cell wall (xylanase, carboxymethylcellulase) and starch (amylase) degradation. The acidotic diet (L0) induced a butyric (12 mol per 100 mol total VFA) rather than lactic (<4 mmol/l) ruminal latent acidosis. Ruminal pH, fermentative patterns, lactate-metabolizing bacteria (concentration, LDH activity) and polysaccharidase activities were similar between treatments (P>0·1). Yeast supplementation tended to increase ruminal protozoal population (P<0·1) and intake of animals (P<0·1). The recommended yeast concentration (L1) was sufficient to ensure these effects. The yeast's action may differ according to the nature and function of the micro-organisms involved and the type of fermentative pattern favoured (protozoa/butyrate v. lactate-metabolizing bacteria/lactate and propionate) during ruminal acidosis in sheep.

Le contrôle de l’acidose ruminale latente

Le principal critère d’évaluation de l’acidose du rumen est le pH moyen mesuré pendant plusieurs heures après le repas. D’autres critères ont été proposés, cependant ils restent très corrélés au précédent et ne fournissent pas d’information plus pertinente.
 Différentes mesures peuvent être effectuées sur les aliments, ou les régimes alimentaires, pour évaluer le risque d’acidose ruminale. Au niveau des aliments, il est ainsi possible de mesurer leur pouvoir tampon propre, leur fermentescibilité in vitro, ou la chute de pH induite, et la dégradabilité à court terme (4h) in sacco de leur MS. D’autres critères peuvent être utilisés, il s’agit en particulier de la teneur en amidon dégradable pour les matières premières amylacées. Enfin, le bilan cation-anion peut aussi être évalué au niveau des aliments et être utilisé pour évaluer une facette du pouvoir acidogène des aliments. Au niveau des régimes, la fibrosité représente un facteur essentiel de risque d’acidose ; il y a en fait deux composantes de fibrosité, la fibrosité chimique, quantifiée par la teneur en NDF (NDF/MS > 35 %), la fibrosité physique évaluée par la taille moyenne des particules (TP > 4 mm), ou la proportion de MS retenue à un tamis de 2 mm (P2 > 40 %). Il est possible de chercher à combiner ces deux types de critères. Les critères de fibrosité sont très importants dans la mesure où ils déterminent l’activité masticatoire et, de ce fait, le recyclage des tampons ainsi que le flux liquidien ruminal, critères plus déterminants de l’acidose que ceux qui prédisent la production des AGV. D’autres aspects interviennent de façon non négligeable dans le risque d’acidose, il s’agit en particulier du niveau d’ingestion ainsi que du rôle de certaines populations microbiennes du rumen telles que les protozoaires. Outre les facteurs relatifs aux aliments et aux rations, il est possible d’envisager des supplémentations de substances préventives, c’est en particulier le cas des substances tampons et de certaines substances probiotiques.
 L’ensemble des équations et recommandations proposées permettent de tenir compte de différents critères pour prévenir le risque d’acidose latente.

Ruminal fermentative parameters and blood acido-basic balance changes during the onset and recovery of induced latent acidosis in sheep

Four ruminal cannulated Texel wethers were used to study the long-term effects of an acidotic diet on ruminal parameters and blood acid-base status. The short-term events around feeding and the recovery of the animals were followed after this nutritional disturbance. Sheep were limit-fed consecutively a control diet H (100% hay) (one week), an acidotic diet W (60% wheat + 40% hay) (2 weeks), and again the control diet (2 weeks). Mean, minimum and maximum ruminal pH were lower, and the time and area under pH 6.0 were higher (P 0.05). All ruminal parameters, except for ammonia, recovered to initial levels during the H diet redistribution (P < 0.05) while blood parameters decreased (pH, P < 0.05; bicarbonates (HCO3 - ), total CO2 content (TCO2), base excess in whole blood (Beb) and in extra cellular fluid (Beecf), P < 0.01). This decrease, initiated during the distribution of the acidotic diet, suggests a mobilization of body alkaline reserves and a longer recovery time in blood than in the rumen. We observed a non-lactic but butyric latent acidosis, linked to Entodiniomorph proliferation, suggesting an intermediate stage before the onset of acute lactic acidosis.

ACID-BASE BALANCE OF NEW-BORN INFANTS

The acid-base equilibrium of new-born infants has proved a fertile field for research. Interesting differences exist between the new-born infant and the adult. In the first paper of this series, Hoag and Kiser 1 showed that the serum of the new-born infant has a lower carbon dioxide content and a higher chloride content than that of the normal adult. Other authors have reported similar decreases in the carbon dioxide content of the serum. Kane and Kreiselman 2 found an average value of 47.7 per cent by volume for the carbon dioxide content in the cord blood of forty-seven infants. Leenhard and Chaptal 3 demonstrated that there is a decrease in the bicarbonate of the blood of young infants. Halfer 4 found a latent acidosis in the new-born infant as manifested by a decrease in the carbon dioxide content of the blood, which usually persisted during the first two weeks of