Latency Effects Research Articles

The Effects of Latency and In-Game Perspective on Player Performance and Game Experience

Previous work shows that high latency, a prolonged delay between player in- and system output, negatively affects player experience and performance. However, previous work also comes to contrary conclusions about how the in-game perspective alters the latency sensitivity of video games. Currently, it is unclear if the in-game perspective independently modulates latency's effects. To investigate how a game's in-game perspective interacts with latency, we developed a shooting game incorporating three perspectives (First-Person-, Third-Person-, and Bird's-Eye-View). In a study, participants (N = 36) played with two levels of latency (low and high) and the three perspectives. We show that latency reduces performance and experience, independent of the perspective. Moreover, Bayesian analysis suggests that the in-game perspective does not interact with latency and does not affects performance or experience. We conclude that more robust means to categorize latency sensitivity of video games than the in-game perspective are required.

High throughput and energy efficient FIR filter architectures using retiming and two level pipelining

Abstract A methodology to improve the throughput and energy efficiency of finite impulse response (FIR) filters through the effective application of retiming and two-level pipelining is presented in this paper. Improving throughput and energy efficiency of the filter while minimizing latency and hardware complexity is a challenge to be addressed. Two-level pipelining bifurcate the multiplication and addition operations. Retiming is applied to break addition operation. The basic architecture of a 64-tap filter consists of 4-tap pipelined retiming delay generation sub filter (PRF), a 4-tap pipelined sub filter (PSF) and 7 numbers of 8-tap pipelined sub filters. The critical path delay (CPD), effective latency (ELT), power-delay product (PDP) and area-delay product (ADP) of the proposed filter-1 is improved by 35%, 33.97%, 38.06% and 29.67% in comparison with the recent high throughput retimed filter (HTF1) for a filter length of 64. Cadence software with gpdk 45nm standard cell library is used for the design and implementation. An ECG denoising low pass filter is developed using the proposed filter-1 and performed simulation using modelsim.