Late Start Research Articles

State of Israel – Republic of Korea relations in a historical perspective and at the present stage

This study delves into the evolution and current state of relations between the State of Israel and the Republic of Korea. It aims to uncover the key factors driving their socio-political and economic ties, and project their future interaction. Through examining Israeli and Korean sources, the research reconstructs the historical development of their relationship, highlighting key points for understanding their progress. The structure of the article meets the task of reflecting the most significant factors for the relationship between the two countries. The research methods and reviews of existing literature on the topic are considered. The retrospective analysys of the development of Israel-South Korea's political and diplomatic relations is done. It sheds light on the Arab-Israeli conflict's role as a past hurdle in their rapprochement. Moving forward, the study examines the United States' influence as a significant external factor, highlighting similarities and differences in US policy towards both nations. Finally, the analysis shifts to the economic dimension of their cooperation. Beyond exploring basic patterns in their economic ties, the study delves into their collaboration in the sphere of innovation, holding significance for both countries. The authors conclude that despite their relatively late start in collaborating, Israel and South Korea possess substantial potential for growth in their diplomatic, political, and economic relations.

Clinical insights into Invasive Aspergillosis in Mexican children with cancer

Abstract Background In the last years Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) has become the most frequent invasive fungal infection (IFI) affecting children with hematological malignancies. This complication results in the delay of cancer treatment and/or poor prognosis mainly due to late diagnosis and late start of antifungal treatment. Therefore, antifungal prophylaxis and preemptive approaches have been proposed for these patients based on risk factors and local epidemiological data. For this reason, we performed a unicenter, descriptive and prospective study to determine the frequency and clinical course of IA in hospitalized cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. Methods we included events of fever and neutropenia of hospitalized patients with cancer and either with persistent febrile neutropenia (PFN: fever for >96h with total neutrophil count of <500cells/mm3) or profound prolonged neutropenia (PPN: total neutrophil count of <500cells/mm3 for >7 days). Informed consent was requested prior inclusion and follow up of these events was performed with weekly measurement of serum galactomannan antigen (until the recovery of neutrophil count), lung computed tomography (CT) and/or sinus and/or central nervous system (CNS) imaging, depending on clinical findings, and if feasible bronchoscopy to obtain bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained; with this information diagnosis of IA was classified as possible, probable, and proven, according to the EORTC/MSG guidelines. This protocol was approved by the hospital’s research and ethics committees (INP 041/2021). For data analysis categorical variables were presented as frequencies and numerical variables as median and range. Statistical analysis was made with X2 and U Mann Whitney tests. Results Seventy events were included, 14 (20%) had IA diagnosis; 2 possible, 11 probable and 1 proved. Median of age was 10.2y (5.5 – 17) and 64.3% were male. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the main oncologic diagnosis (71.4%), 35.7% during induction phase; followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia (21.4%). 92.9% of events with IA presented as PFN (p=0.001) with a fever duration of 3.5 days (1-8) (p=0.004). Pulmonary disease was evident in all events with IA, two had disseminated infection. In 5/14 events serum galactomannan antigen was positive in the first measurement. Only 8 events underwent bronchoscopy: BAL was positive in 6 and 4 had positive culture with Aspergillus spp. Lung CT scan showed different findings, lobar/segmental consolidation and nodule with halo sign were the most common; 85.7% of cases presented with more than one radiological sign (p=0.003). Voriconazole monotherapy was given to 78.5% of IA cases and 21.4% required combined antifungal therapy (added caspofungine or liposomal amphotericin B) due to disseminated disease or severe clinical course. Intensive care admission resulted with statistical significance for the events with diagnosis of IA (64.3% p= 0.019). Within the IA events survival at 60 days was of 78.6%. Conclusion Frequency of IA was high among our high risk cancer patients. This study demonstrates the importance of a complete work up for invasive fungal infection in high-risk patients with persistent febrile neutropenia. The information obtained is of great use for the implementation of pre-emptive approaches and antifungal prophylaxis in this patient population.

Use of oblique view in periacetabular osteotomy and delayed postoperative weight bearing reduce delayed union in the ischium after one year

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of using both the postero-anterior and oblique image intensifier views intra-operatively and late start of post-operative partial weight-bearing (PWB) in reducing the incidence of delayed union in the ischium at one year after curved periacetabular osteotomy. We evaluated computed tomography images to clarify the incidence of delayed union at the osteotomy sites at one year post-operatively for 117 hips in 104 patients. Fifty-eight hips in 54 patients with use of both the postero-anterior and oblique image intensifier views intra-operatively and late start of post-operative PWB were assigned to the oblique view and late PWB group (OL group) and 59 hips in 50 patients with use of only the postero-anterior image intensifier view intra-operatively and early start of post-operative PWB were assigned to the control group (C group). In univariate analyses, the incidence of delayed union in the ischium at one year post-operatively was significantly lower in the OL group (3.5%) than in the C group (22%). Use of both the postero-anterior and oblique image intensifier views during curved periacetabular osteotomy and late start of PWB were effective for reducing delayed union of the ischium at one year post-operatively.

Representations of Music and the Dance in Late Roman Art

Music and the dance are an important theme represented in various artistic media of the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods, including mosaic pavements and decorative arts such as silver metalwork, woven textiles, and carved ivories. A popular aspect of this theme is imagery of the Dionysiac thiasos, with members of the wine god’s entourage making merry by dancing and sounding crotala or cymbal tongs, as we see in a fragmentary mosaic from the House of the Dionysiac Thiasos at Augusta Traiana – Beroe. A similar effect occurs in either an expanded or a somewhat reduced format in pavements from Argos and Madaba. Besides mosaics, this subject also appears on Late Antique silver plate made for display, such as objects in the Mildenhall Treasure from Roman Britain and related works. Coptic textiles used to ornament private houses as colorful wall hangings feature lively dancers and musicians, and these figures may or may not have a mythological identity. Other non-mythological representations of music and the dance appeared in domestic and public settings. An outstanding example is the well-preserved Mosaic of Female Musicians that decorated a house in Mariamin, Syria, and that assembles an impressive group of instrumentalists and a dancer. One observes a pipe organ (hydraulis) along with a cithara, an aulos, and an acetabulum, consisting of a series of metal bowls struck with a baton. Elsewhere there are depicted a pantomime performance with an organ accompaniment, visible in a mosaic from Noheda, Spain, as well as music-making and dancing in the context of the circus. The latter subject appears on a consular diptych, and on the base of the Obelisk of Theodosius in Constantinople. We finally note that the pipe organ was later adopted for use in the church liturgy, reflected in an illustration in the Utrecht Psalter of 9th-century date. If the latter work of art is a copy of a Late Antique manuscript, as some scholars believe, then the pipe organ’s adoption for Christian ceremonial practice should be dated earlier than originally thought.

Research on the Innovative Path of Ideological and Political Education Psychology

Ideological and political education psychology is a discipline that applies psychological theories and methods to study the psychological activity patterns of ideological and political education teaching objects, and belongs to a branch of applied psychology. Due to the late start of ideological and political education psychology, there are still unresolved issues in its current development status. How to achieve innovative development of ideological and political education psychology is a problem that ideological and political education workers in the new era should consider.

Overcoming challenges in conducting early phase breast cancer prevention trials: Bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens vs waitlist control

BackgroundThe combination of bazedoxifene 20 mg (BZA) and conjugated estrogens 0.45 mg (CE) marketed as Duavee® is approved for vasomotor symptom relief and osteoporosis prevention. Our pilot study suggested it had potential breast cancer risk reduction, and we proposed a multisite Phase IIB primary prevention trial assessing change in breast imaging and tissue risk biomarkers. By the time funding was acquired in February 2021, Duavee® was unavailable with an uncertain return date. A redesign was needed to salvage the study. MethodsThe basic trial design was minimally altered. Women age 45–64 at elevated risk for breast cancer with vasomotor symptoms and no menses for at least 2 months have mammography, phlebotomy, and benign breast tissue sampling before and after 6 months of intervention. However, instead of Duavee® (single pill) vs placebo, women are randomized to 6 months of BZA + CE vs Waitlist. Those initially randomized to Waitlist can receive BZA + CE after 6 months. The primary endpoint is between arm difference in change in a fully automated measure of mammographic density with blood and tissue-based secondary endpoints. OutcomesAccrual initiation was delayed due to contractual difficulties surrounding BZA importation during COVID-19 and deploying a fully automated method (Volpara®) to assess the primary endpoint. To accommodate this delay, a mid-grant no cost extension along with amended eligibility requirements were employed. 61/120 participants needed were entered in the initial 27 months of accrual and 37 months of funding. Despite a late start, accrual is likely to be completed within the funding period.

202 Football Cooperative, a community-based physical activity social intervention for men: The development of an implementation strategy for scale-up

Abstract Purpose Gender-sensitised health promotion strategies are crucial for men for several reasons including; Addressing male-specific health issues, Improving mental health, and promoting healthy lifestyles. Football Cooperative (FC) provides social games aimed at enhancing overall health and well-being among men and has the potential to return benefits including decreased blood pressure, heart rate, and fat mass, which presents solutions to address existing challenges in men’s health. This study aims to evaluate FC and gain insights into operating characteristics, both internally and externally, and learn from good practices, to develop a scalable implementation strategy for FC. Methods The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided qualitative data collection from various stakeholders for this study, including; Interviews (n = 26), Ad hoc Interviews (n = 9), and Focus Groups (n = 3). Ethnographic data was collected through researcher participation in weekly games and completing reflective logs (n = 8). Data was recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed via thematic analysis. This analytical approach was guided by CFIR and in collaboration with a multi-disciplinary research team. Results Six main determinants were identified from the data including 1: Culture defined by inclusivity and diversity, developing community, creating a pressure-free environment and embracing values such as respect, 2: Game Characteristics - which are the structure of how games are implemented, 3: Motivations to Participate - which are the key factors that bring men to FC games, 4: Benefits of Participation is concerned with the positive benefits the games have on their lives, 5: Facilitators of Participation defined by anything that makes games accessible to men, and 6: Barriers to Participation is defined by anything that make participation challenging. Conclusions Various elements are essential to replicating FC at new sites and their inclusion should form a final strategy. Bringing the FC Culture to new venues, avoiding late start times, and ensuring flexibility when working with new stakeholders regionally are important, as are branding and communication alignment. Volunteer recruitment and management are at the core of FC and policy to support this is critical, as is the accessibility of games in terms of price, ability, and ease of joining games. Funding South East Technological University & UEFA

Barriers to Early Mobilization after Spine Surgery

Introduction There has been increased interest in reducing a patient’s length of stay in the hospital. One of the critical factors towards a patient’s prolonged stay is delayed ambulation, which in turn leads to a higher risk of complications such as ileus, atelectasis, and urinary retention. The purpose of this pilot study is to identify barriers to in-hospital mobilization Methods Thirty patients undergoing 1-2 level lumbar fusion were identified and data on demographics, medical history and surgery were collected. The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was administered while they were awaiting surgery, in the recovery room and during post-operative day one (POD-1). Whether they were mobilized on the first day after surgery or not and the reasons why there was a delay in ambulation were also collected. Results Of the 30 patients in this pilot study, only 9 ambulated on POD-1. There were no differences in age, sex, American Association of Anesthesiologists grade, body mass index, smoking status, operative time, estimated blood loss, recovery room stay or MMSE at any time point between patients who were mobilized and those who were not. The most common reason for not mobilizing was the lack of a floor bed (11), followed by a late surgery start (4) and being on complete bed rest (3). Other reasons included incomplete orders (1), no therapist available (1) and presence of neurologic deficit pre-op (1). Discussion Early patient mobilization is largely dependent on hospital administrative factors rather than patient characteristics or surgical parameters.

Research on the Construction of a Curriculum System of Asset Appraisal Major under the Background of Artificial Intelligence

The integration of artificial intelligence technology is reshaping the future of the asset valuation industry, and the efficiency and accuracy of asset valuation can be significantly improved through online data collection, intelligent conversion, and automated valuation of AI asset valuation systems. Due to the late start of asset appraisal majors in universities in China, the problem of the imperfect curriculum system of asset appraisal majors is gradually exposed. Colleges and universities must reform the current curriculum system, add more courses related to AI automatic valuation technology, add more practical content to help students master more evaluation methods, and cultivate new compound asset evaluation talents.

Value stream mapping in the preparation of patients for surgery A study of a private hospital in Turkey

BackgroundDue to the equipment used in the health system, drugs, and the need for specialized health personnel, the operating rooms are the most costly, and time is the most valuable resource. From this point of view, the study was aimed to raise awareness about Value Stream Mapping, which is one of the problem-solving practices in nurses, and to practice with a sample VSM study (eliminating non-value-creating activities, creating flow in processes, and avoiding delays due to the preparation of the surgery in the pre-op period with continuous improvement). MethodsObservational action research. The research, Value Stream Mapping, which is one of the lean methods, was carried out in a private hospital between December 2019 and March 2022. A total of 59 patient flows were observed in three stages. First, the current situation map was drawn. Value-added and non-value-added time was determined. The problems experienced in the current situation were determined and suggestions were developed for their solution, kaizen studies were carried out. Onset time and delays in minutes were monitored for all first cases on a daily basis. ResultNon-value-added activities were reduced from 102 min to 52 min on average. In particular, the quality increased from 0 % to 36 %. "If patients were not in the operating room within 10 min of the scheduled start time, this was considered a late start". While the rate of starting the surgery on time at the first observation was 0 %, this rate increased to 70 % at the end of the study. ConclusionsImproving the pre-op preparation process was effective in increasing the percentage of surgery that started on time in the operating room. It is thought that value stream mapping can be a useful method for improving on-time starts in the operating room.

Consequences and Explanatory Factors of Late Start to Prenatal Consultation by Pregnant Women at the MAZIBA Reference Health Center, in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction: It is undeniable that the NPC plays a crucial role in the development process of nations; “because maternal and neonatal deaths, which hinder economic growth and cause global losses in productivity, can be avoided thanks to ANC, which is all the more effective if it is early and regularly repeated. This consultation effectively contributes to avoiding “complications of pregnancy and its consequences, which are a major challenge for the health of women of childbearing age; and the leading global cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in this target, especially in developing countries. This research seeks to determine the repercussions and explanations explanations of the beginning late arrival of women to prenatal consultation. Method: This study is quantitative of the cross-sectional descriptive correlational type, carried out at the MAZIBA health and maternity center, more precisely in the Bonhomme district, in the commune of Matete, city of Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, during the period from January 29 2022 to April 8, 2023. It used the survey method, combined with the interview technique and a survey questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Results: The late onset of CPN remains a major public health issue in the study region. The late arrival of pregnant women at the CPN is influenced by different variables such as neglect, fatigue, distance, lack of financial means, high cost of care, poor reception, lack of space, lack of chairs or benches. The consequences linked to late arrival at the ANC are on two levels: the consequence for the pregnant woman and for the fetus. In the pregnant we obtained an average of 18.7% and 31.3% in the fetus. This study demonstrated that there is a significant statistical relationship between It also appears that there is a significant statistical relationship between personal, socio-economic, organizational, cultural factors and the consequences in the fetuses (p = 0.00. P=0.01, and p=0.00). Conclusion: Thus, healthcare professionals have the opportunity to provide ongoing education on the importance of starting prenatal care visits early to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes, taking into account all the elements mentioned.

STANDARD AND BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL OSTEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN (THE OSCAR STUDY): A SINGLE-CASE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Purpose and BackgroundGuidelines recommend biopsychosocial care for chronic, complex musculoskeletal conditions, including non-specific low back pain. The aims were: 1/ to assess how patients with low back pain respond to osteopathic treatment, both before and after an osteopath has completed a Biopsychosocial Pain Management (BPM) course; and 2/ to assess if it is feasible and acceptable for osteopath participants to receive weekly SCED data and use it to guide patient management.Methods and ResultsA multiple baseline single case experimental design trial (clinicaltrials.gov, on 18/10/2021, ID number NCT05120921) with 11 UK osteopaths was conducted. Patients were randomised to early, middle or late treatment start dates. Statistical analysis assessed the change between baseline, intervention and follow-up periods. Primary outcomes were the Numeric Pain Rating (NPR) and Patient Specific Function Scales (PSFS), measured during the baseline, the 6-week intervention, and during a 12-week follow-up period.At baseline, the osteopaths reported stronger biopsychosocial attitudes to pain, compared to biomedical beliefs (PABS: 34 behavioural scale; 29 biomedical scale). Overall, patient participants showed daily increases in symptoms during the pre-treatment phase (+0.24/day, p<0.001), and daily decreases during treatment (−2.94 over the treatment phase, p<0.001), which continued post-treatment (−3.36 over 12 weeks, p=0.04). Similar improvements were observed for function.ConclusionOsteopathic care was shown to help patients with persistent low back pain. Patient recruitment was challenging because of the randomisation. With further development, the method shows feasibility as a means of enhancing research activity among practising clinicians.Previous presentations or publications of the workThe protocol was published (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100660) and presented at SBPR in 2022. The results were presented to an osteopathic conference in October 2023.Ethics approval was received from the University College of Osteopathy Research Ethics Committee.Conflicts of interestsJerry Draper-Rodi receives fees from the sales of the e-learning course on the biopsychosocial management on the UCO CPD platform.Sources of fundingThe research was funded by the Osteopathic Foundation.

The effectiveness of plant protection products against Lobesia botrana Den. U Schift. in Zakarpattya

Goal. To establish the effectiveness of chemical protection of vineyards against pests, taking into account the peculiarities of their biology, distribution, harmfulness, seasonal dynamics of flight in Zakarpattya Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in accordance with the generally accepted methods in entomology and viticulture in 2021—2022 on the basis of Chateau Chizay LLC. The dynamics of the pest’s flight were studied in the field using the pheromone monitoring method using «Atrakon» pheromone traps and synthetic sex pheromones from the company «Csalomon» (Hungary). The research was conducted on Muscat, Chersegui, Sovignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sovignon, Merlot, Rhine Riesling, and Pino Blan varieties. In 2022, in the vineyards of Chateau Chizay LLC, Zakarpattia Oblast, chemical plant protection agents were tested against grape leaf curl: Karate Zeon 050 CS, SK (liambda-tsyhalotryn, 50 h/l), 0.65 l/ha, Korahen 20, KS (khlorantraniliprol, 200 h/l), 0.15 l/ ha, Mavrik, EV (tau-fliuvalinat, 240 h/l), 0.2 l/ha, Voliam Fleksi 300 SC, KS (tiametoksam, 200 h/l + khlorantraniliprol, 100 h/l), 0.3 l/ha according to generally accepted methods. Results. Prolonged spring cooling in 2022 delayed the start of the flight of the first generation of cluster leafhopper, which began only in the first days of May. The second generation of this pest has been actively developing since the end of June. Grape damage on different varieties ranged from 2.1% on Muscat to 8.0% on Pino Blan. In the control (not treated with insecticides) plots, this indicator averaged 96.1%. The yield in the farm by variety averaged about 8 t/ha and ranged from 7.1 t/ha for the Muscat variety to 9.0 t/ha for the Merlot variety. In the control plot, the yield was low, only 1.4 t/ha. The effectiveness of protective measures on all grape varieties reached 90.5%. Conclusion. It was established that the protracted spring cooling caused the late start of flight of the grape leafhopper, which made adjustments to the calendar of protective measures, especially chemical ones. At the same time, thanks to pheromone monitoring, it was possible to establish the exact date of the start of Lobesia botrana’s flight and specify the timing of the application of chemical insecticides at the most favorable time, which made it possible to achieve an efficiency of more than 90%. Use of plant protection products against Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. in vineyards, LLC «Chateau Chizay», Zakarpattia Oblast contributed to the reduction of grape damage up to 94% and the preservation of the harvest up to 6.5 t/ha.

Early identification of rheumatoid arthritis: does it induce treatment-related cost savings?

ObjectiveEarly diagnosis and treatment-start is key for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the economic effect of an early versus a later diagnosis has never been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether...

Root causes of first-case start time delays for elective surgical procedures: a prospective multicenter observational cohort study in Ethiopia

BackgroundDelays in surgery start times can lead to poor patient outcomes and considerable increases in healthcare expenditures. This is especially true in developing countries that often face systemic inefficiencies, such as a shortage of operating rooms and trained surgical personnel. With substantial effects on patient outcomes, healthcare efficiency, and resource allocation, identifying delays in first-case elective surgery is a crucial area of research.MethodsA multicenter observational study was conducted at three comprehensive and specialized hospitals in the Amhara region of Ethiopia from May 1 to October 30, 2023. The primary aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of late first-case start times, defined as a patient being in the operating room at or after the hospital’s incision time of 2:30 a.m. The secondary aim was to discover potential root causes of delayed first-case start times. All patients scheduled for elective surgery as the first case on the operating list throughout the study period were included in the study. Every emergency, day case, after-hours case, and canceled case was excluded.ResultsA total of 530 surgical patients were included during the study window from May 1 to October 1, 2023. Of these, 41.5% were general surgeries, 20.4% were gynecology and obstetrics surgeries, and 13.2% were orthopedic surgery procedures. Before the procedure started, nine (1.7%) of the participants had prolonged discussion with a member of the surgical team. Patients who arrived in the operating room waiting area at or after 2:30 a.m. were 2.5 times more likely to experience a first-case start time delay than those who arrived before or at 2:00 a.m. (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.13–5.14). Furthermore, participants with abnormal investigation results were 2.4 times more likely to have a late first-case start time (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.50). Moreover, the odds of a late first-case start time were increased by 10.53 times with the surgeon being in the operating room at or after 2:30 a.m. (AOR = 10.53; 95% CI: 5.51, 20.11).ConclusionThe research highlights a significant occurrence of delayed start times for the first elective surgical procedures. Therefore, directing attention to aspects such as ensuring patients and surgical teams arrive promptly (by or before 2:00 a.m.) and timely evaluation and communication of investigative findings before the scheduled surgery day could facilitate efforts to maximize operating room efficiency and enhance patient health outcomes.

Prevalence and correlates of probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder among middle-aged and older adults in a psychiatric outpatient clinic: A cross-sectional survey

ObjectiveRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is often underdiagnosed among people living with mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of probable RBD (pRBD) and its associated factors among middle-aged and older adults in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 2907 people aged 45–80 years who visited the outpatient clinic between March 1 and August 31, 2022 in a psychiatric hospital. A cutoff score ≥5 on the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) was used to indicate the presence of probable RBD (pRBD). Potential factors associated with pRBD were also assessed with a structured checklist. The association between these factors and the presence of pRBD was examined with logistic regression. ResultsThe response rate was 64.3 %. Among 1868 respondents [age 58.5 ± 9.6 years, male n = 738 (39.5 %), female n = 1130 (60.5 %)], 15.9 % (95 % CI 14.2–17.6 %) screened positive for pRBD. Occupational exposure to chemicals; positive family history of psychotic disorders; a late start of mental health care; a medical history of autonomic dysfunction; mood problems; and use of antidepressants, hypnotics, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were associated with an increased likelihood of having pRBD (P < 0.05 for all). ConclusionpRBD is common among outpatients with mental disorders, especially in mental disorders due to neurological diseases and physical conditions, mood disorders and anxiety or somatoform disorders. The findings highlight the importance of identifying sleep behavior disorders among people living with mental disorders in clinical practice.

Adolescents’ sleep quality is associated with day of the week, school timing and chronotype

Late chronotypes and early school start times are associated with unhealthy sleep habits during adolescence. Here we examine the impact of the relationship between school timing and chronotype on sleep quality in 349 Argentinian high-school students (age: 17-18 y.o., 49% females) randomly assigned to attend school in the morning, afternoon or evening. Students completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and ranked their sleep quality using a Likert-like scale. We found higher sleep quality on free days than on weekdays. Importantly, morning-attending students showed lower sleep quality on weekdays. Finally, the interaction between school timing and chronotype was associated with sleep quality on weekdays: later chronotypes were associated with poorer sleep quality in morning- and afternoon-attending students, but not in the evening. Altogether, our results suggest that attending school in the morning is associated with shorter sleep duration and higher social jetlag, but also with lower sleep quality during adolescence.

Narrative to icon: the inscriptive origins of Christ Ecce Homo

This article examines the shifting iconographical meaning and purpose of the Latin phrase ecce homo in visual art in the later Middle Ages. As told in John 19: 4–5, ecce homo was the terse two-line sentence exclaimed by Pontius Pilate as he presented Christ to the people of Jerusalem: “Behold, [the] man!” Beginning in the early fifteenth century, it became common for artists in Northern and Central Europe to integrate the phrase ecce homo directly into depictions of this presentation scene, first in narrative-images and eventually in stand-alone devotional icons. Initially, these brief inscriptions served to visualize Pilate’s climactic two-word speech. In the latter half of the century, however, ecce homo became unmoored from its original scheme. What once had a precise narrative function had, by 1500, expanded to become a message directed at the viewer, an epithet for the specific aspect of Christ represented in the narrative, and a title for the narrative itself. This unmooring happened in conjunction with a shift in the function of the figure of Christ within these images and the adaptation of this type of figure into an en buste portrait. Research presented in this article, the first to address these inscriptions in any way, affords new insight into long-standing questions about the typological relationship linking narrative-images and icons. The article challenges the “genetic” model of typological development established by Erwin Panofsky and Sixten Ringbom, both of whom used the iconography of the Ecce Homo as a case study for how to explain the pictorial forms of devotional images in late medieval and early modern art.

AI 학습을 활용한 초등학교 영어학습 부진아 연구

This study implemented an AI program to improve the educational outcomes for students struggling with English. It focused on quantitatively measuring academic enhancements and collecting qualitative feedback from elementary students with English deficiencies who used the AI program. The research began by assessing the English proficiency of the participants. It then analyzed the academic progress of these students as they used the AI program. Finally, the study looked into the educational experiences provided by the AI program to the students, their parents, and their teachers. Key findings included limited time devoted to studying English outside of regular school hours and a general late start in English education among the students. Furthermore, the English proficiency of participants who used the AI program showed greater improvement compared to a control group that did not use the program. Interviews and journal entries from the study indicated that all students who completed the program were actively engaged and experienced enhancements in their English capabilities. The feedback highlighted the program's ability to foster strategic thinking and self-motivation for learning. It also noted that the program's conversational nature was particularly beneficial for improving communication skills, especially among introverted students, and that immediate feedback was crucial for effective learning.

Retrospective Analysis of Associated Costs and Sources of Variability in OR Utilization Across Weekdays.

Few studies have examined variability in OR utilization across weekdays. We conducted a retrospective analysis to determine OR utilization differences by day of the week and the source and financial effects of any variability. We extracted 55 months of data from a surgical data repository to calculate OR utilization, late starts, idle times, and delays for each weekday. Declines in OR utilization occurred as the week progressed and were attributed to compounding changes in late start, delay, and idle time. The average weekly cost for each OR associated with unused staffed minutes below a target OR utilization of 85% was $19,383, and the comparable lost weekly revenue was $60,256. Perioperative leaders should identify sources of OR utilization variability when developing strategies that enhance outcomes for patients, minimize costs, and maximize revenue.