Late Production Research Articles

Fatty Acid β-Oxidation May Be Associated with the Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Stable Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis.

Lipid metabolism and adiponectin modulate erythropoiesis in vitro and in general population studies and may also affect responsiveness to erythropoietin in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). However, little is known about the impact of lipid-associated biomarkers on reticulocyte production and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) in patients undergoing HD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate their impacts in 167 stable patients undergoing HD. Pre-dialysis blood samples were collected and analysed for reticulocyte counts and serum lipid profiles by routine analyses and serum carnitine profiles (C0-C18) by LC-MS/MS. ERI was calculated as erythropoietin dose/kg/week normalized for haemoglobin levels. The independent positive determinants of reticulocyte count were log [Triglyceride (TG)] and logC18:1. A large proportion of longer-chain acylcarnitines was positively correlated with reticulocyte counts, possibly resulting from the accumulation of acylcarnitines in mitochondria undergoing fateful exocytosis from reticulocytes. These results indicate a possible association between reticulocyte formation and reduced β-oxidation, which occurs during the peripheral phase of erythroblast enucleation. Total cholesterol (TC) and log [C2/(C16 + C18:1)] as a putative marker of β-oxidation efficiency were negative independent determinants of ERI. Moreover, acyl chain length had a significantly positive impact on the correlation coefficients of individual acylcarnitines with ERI, suggesting that enhanced β-oxidation may be associated with reduced ERI. Finally, adiponectin had no independent association with reticulocyte counts or ERI despite its negative association with HDL-C levels. Enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and higher TC levels may be associated with lower ERI, whereas higher TG levels and longer acylcarnitines may be related to the latest production of reticulocytes in stable patients undergoing HD.

SWOT Analysis of Future Trends in BEV-related Technologies: Xiaomi Automobile Co., Ltd's Latest Product as a Case Study

The new energy vehicle sector has benefited from numerous subsidies in response to the World Environmental Protection Organization's and governments' calls for a reduction in carbon emissions. Battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), the kind of EV with the lowest carbon emissions, have gained popularity in the automotive industry. Using a battery system as a power system not only improves efficiency but also ensures that it does not pollute the environment. Along with other technological advancements like the incorporation of cutting-edge chips in the central controls of the vehicle and latest AI systems, the convenience of BEVs for consumers keeps increasing. This paper introduces the new technology systems included in the latest products launched by Xiaomi, such as the new battery system, smart driving system, and all-round AI system. Then more analyses of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of BEVs in the future with the impact of new technology. The analysis not only raises some of the technical issues that need to be addressed in BEVs today but also points to the crisis that will exist in the BEV market in the future. After analyzing the situation, some recommendations and directions for in-depth research were given. And take Xiaomi's latest BEV product as an example to further do a SWOT analysis of Xiaomi's strategic development into the BEV market.

지등 문화상품 도안에서 조선후기 풍속화의 적용에 관한 연구

Korean culture is attracting attention both domestically and internationally as its international status has risen. Among them, genre painting in the late Joseon Dynasty can be said to be an important medium of Korean traditional culture that captures the lifestyle of ancient Korean society as a visual image, and it is of great significance to inherit and promote Korean traditional culture by using this genre painting as a design for geographical cultural products. This study seeks to explore new applications of genre painting in the late Joseon Dynasty to design geographical cultural products, expand its scope, and express Korean traditional culture in various ways. First, through literature research, the characteristics and artistic values of genre painting in the late Joseon Dynasty were analyzed, and the application status of cultural products based on the market was considered. Second, as a result of analyzing the application cases of genre painting in the late Joseon Dynasty in geographical cultural products, it was found that genre painting in the late Joseon Dynasty was emphasized only on specific holidays and places, so it was not fully utilized in cultural products such as everyday land, and the style appeared relatively simple. Finally, through case analysis and market survey results, an alternative to applying the genre painting in the late Joseon Dynasty to geographical products was suggested. This study aims to explore a new way to use folk paintings in late Joseon Dynasty cultural products by combining modern geodge materials and other design practice processes to provide new implications and methods for the convergence of traditional culture and modern cultural products, and to provide useful data for the succession and innovation of traditional culture.

Improving Egg Shell Strength During Late Production Period of Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Different Vitamin D Forms and Levels

Improving Egg Shell Strength During Late Production Period of Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Different Vitamin D Forms and Levels

Late Ediacaran carbonate production and REE+Y signatures tracing redox conditions in a Cadomian retroarc basin, Central Iberian Zone, Spain

The late Ediacaran carbonate production recorded in a Cadomian retroarc basin from the Iberian Peninsula provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the tectonic and redox factors that controlled the infill of the foredeep troughs, located between uplifted orogenic wedges and exposed forebulge transects. In the Central Iberian Zone of the Iberian massif, the carbonates of the Villarta Formation follow two geographic belts, which represent short-term mosaics of uplifted and tilted fault-bounded basement highs. These recorded the nucleation of fringing reefal (rich in Cloudina and Sinotubulites microfossils embedded in thromboid textures) and shoal and back-barrier complexes, which episodically fed slope-related megabreccia lobes and channels. REE+Y datasets from the impure carbonates reflect contamination by detrital material, hydrothermal interaction and variable redox conditions, ranging from oxic to dysoxic, the latter emphasized by the deposition of kerogenous black shales in distal parts of the foredeep trough.

Oral mucosal changes caused by nicotine pouches: case series

Oral nicotine pouches are the latest products in the tobacco industry. They are manufactured by large tobacco companies and entice tobacco or nicotine addicts, although the products are presented as a ‘harmless choice.’ Nevertheless, dentists and oral health specialists worry about oral mucosal changes due to product interactions with the oral mucosa. Unfortunately, there are no case reports of oral mucosal changes from nicotine pouches that are also investigated histopathologically. The aim of the present study was to visually and histopathologically investigate oral mucosal changes in nicotine pouch users. An online retrospective survey regarding medical and dental health, dietary habits, and tobacco consumption habits was conducted (n = 50). Respondents were selected for further intraoral and histopathological investigation based on the inclusion criteria. All five respondents had oral lesions that were histopathologically analyzed. Visually, the lesions varied in form and intensity, but all appeared white at the location where the pouches were placed. Histopathological analyses revealed parakeratosis with acanthotic epithelium, intraepithelial and connective tissue oedema, and chronic inflammatory infiltration with lymphocytes and macrophages. Participants received information about nicotine cessation and oral health recommendations. In conclusion, nicotine pouches significantly impacted oral mucosa with white lesions that revealed important changes at the cellular level.

Yield Gap Analysis and Impact Assessment of Frontline Demonstrations on Green Gram in Arunachal Pradesh, India

The Krishi Vigyan Kendra Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh, India conducted frontline demonstrations (FLD) on green gram at 30 ha area of farmers’ field to exhibit latest production technologies and compared it with farmer’s practice during Kharif season of 2022. The study in total 75 frontline demonstrations were conducted on farmers’ fields in villages viz., Deomali, Namsang, Soha, Makat, Paniduria, Sipini and Chomoithung of Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh state during 2022-23 to demonstrate production potential and economic benefit of improved technologies. The FLD recorded a average yield of 640 kg/ha which was 20.75% higher than obtained with farmers’ practice (530 kg/ha). The better mean net income of Rs. 17500/ha with a Benefit: Cost ratio of 1.76 was obtained with FLD in comparison to farmers’ practices (Rs. 10300/ha). The farmers’ should be encouraged to adopt the recommended package of practices realizing for higher returns.

Late Bronze Age salt production in the Carpathians and its socio-economic context

The paper focuses on observations of Late Bronze Age salt production at Tyrawa Solna in southeastern Poland. The discoveries of the evaporation and combustion of brine by means of briquetage from the San area in the Eastern Beskids are put into relation with the current state of knowledge on contemporaneous salt production and the salt trade at this time beyond the ancient world. Furthermore, aspects of social and economic conditions in the first centuries of the last millennium BC relevant to the topic are considered.

Late Antique Glass Carving as Cross-Craft

Focusing on the related engraving techniques of openwork and opus sectile carving as evidence, this paper demonstrates that glass production in the Eastern Mediterranean in late Antiquity was an example of cross-craft, involving aspects of specialised collaboration among glass producers. As such, it represents the interdependence required of inter-industry relations in terms not only of resources but fundamentally of skills. Beyond just glass, cold-worked carving in various media suggests relatively large-scale late Roman urban production was more likely defined by a transferrable skill set (in this case carving) as opposed to a material.

Copying-lineages of portolan chart metrics and implications of their pre-medieval origin

ABSTRACT Seven portolan charts and atlases (including the anonymous Rex Tholomeus chart) made between 1311 and 1538 were cartometrically analysed. The findings indicate that their geometry was not improved chronologically and that the accuracy of Pietro Vesconte's charts (1311–13) was never surpassed. Portolan charts and atlases appear to be mosaics composed of subsections, each with variable metrics and accuracy levels that are, on average, twice as great in comparison to their Mediterranean and Black Sea areas (as a whole), and it is highly unlikely that they are genuine late medieval products, which is also supported by historical evidence. Their anticlockwise tilts fit well with the tilt of the Gibraltar-Antioch line on modern maps that closely approximate Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II projections centred near Gibraltar and with their meridian tilts for areas around Genoa. If late medieval Italian cartographers had acquired a collection of maps or charts from before the Middle Ages, it is theoretically feasible that they could have achieved the typical geometry of portolan charts by graphically combining their manuscript copies of large-scale regional maps in Mercator or Mercator-like projection, using a small-scale map in conic or pseudoconic projection (on which the convergence of meridians is displayed) as a template.

Natural variation in photosynthetic electron transport of wheat flag leaves in response to dark-induced senescence

Early leaf senescence affects photosynthetic efficiency and limits growth during the late production stage of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Natural variation in photosystem response to senescence represents a valuable resource for improving the aging traits of flag leaves. To explore the natural variation of different phases of photosynthetic electron transport in modern wheat cultivars during senescence, we exposed the flag leaves of 32 wheat cultivars to dark conditions to induce senescence process, and simultaneously measured prompt fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, activity of PSII donor side, PSI and electron transfer between PSII and PSI were all decreased during dark-induced senescence, but they showed different sensitivity to dark-induced senescence. Furthermore, natural variation in photosynthetic parameters among the 32 wheat cultivars were also observed and showed by variation coefficient of the different parameters. We observed that PSII and PSI activity showed less sensitivity to dark-induced senescence than electron transfer between them, while PSII and PSI activity exhibit greater natural variation than electron transport between PSII and PSI. It suggests that Cytb6f might degrade faster and have less variation than PSII and PSI during dark-induced senescence.

Configuration of the early-mid Cenozoic extensional arc volcanism of the North Patagonian and the Southern Central Andes (33–44°S)

The late Eocene to earliest Miocene volcanic arc of the Southern Central Andes (33–40°S) and North Patagonian Andes (40–44°S) exhibits distinctive features that shed light on the dynamics of subduction-related volcanic activity in extensional tectonic settings. This period is particularly significant in the Andes, as it records the opening of forearc, intra-arc, and retroarc extensional basins, accompanied by high-volume volcanism, preceding the middle-late Miocene final major uplift phase of the Andes. This extensional event occurred in two phases, associated with changes in the geometry and dynamics of the subduction system: from oblique convergence at low rates during the late Eocene-early Oligocene to an orthogonal convergence at high rates during the late Oligocene-early Miocene. This study presents a compilation of field, petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data from volcanic sequences in the North Patagonian Andes and the Southern Central Andes, aiming to analyze petrogenetic processes at different stages of arc evolution.During the late Eocene to early Oligocene, subduction-related volcanism occurred in a wide area from 100 to 300 km from the trench. In this period, magmatic arc rocks exhibit intermediate composition and a relatively homogeneous geochemical signature, transitional between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline series, with a marked subduction-related signature. These magmas originated from depleted mantle sources with high slab-derived fluid and sediment contributions and limited crustal interactions. In contrast, the late Oligocene to earliest Miocene volcanic activity, at the peak of the extensional regime, displays significant geochemical differences along the Andes. In the Southern Central Andes (33–40°S), volcanism displays compositions similar to those of the previous stage with varying influence from the subducting slab. In some sectors, magmas register the climax of the extensional conditions, whereas the youngest volcanic rocks towards the north (33–34°S) present evidence of the onset of contractional tectonics, demonstrated by the increased interaction of the magmas with a progressively thickened crust. In the North Patagonian Andes (40–44°S), subaerial and subaqueous arc-related lava flows are interbedded with marine deposits, indicating a rapid subsidence regime. These rocks exhibit geochemical features transitional from arc to E-MORB and even OIB compositions, which suggest a genesis primarily dominated by decompression melting of a heterogeneous mantle source. Above all, the contrasting nature of late Eocene-early Miocene arc products in the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes highlights that no single process can explain the changes in composition, distribution, and evolution of arc magmatism; rather, it is a combination of factors, including variations in subduction zone configuration and mantle dynamics and composition.

Early Versus Late Rapid Force Production During Single-Joint Isometric Hamstring Assessment Using Force Plates.

Ripley, NJ, Barber, R, Fahey, JT, and Comfort, P. Early versus late rapid force production during single-joint isometric hamstring assessment using force plates. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of this study was to assess differences in time-matched early versus late rapid force (RF) development in female soccer players in the 90-90 isometric hamstring assessment. Twenty-one elite female soccer players (age: 20.7 ± 4.7 years; height: 168.2 ± 5.5 cm; body mass: 62.8 ± 7.0 kg), with no recent (>6 months) history of hamstring strain injury, volunteered to participate in the study. Following a standardized warm-up, each subject performed 3 maximal isometric unilateral hamstring contractions, with their heel resting on a force plate, elevated on a box, to ensure that their hips and knees were at 90°. Data were analyzed to determine peak force, early RF (ERF) 0-100 milliseconds and late RF (LRF) 100-200 milliseconds. Significant and large differences were observed in the percentage of peak force achieved between ERF (52.85 ± 11.53%; 54.99 ± 9.80%) and LRF (15.82 ± 5.58%; 15.25 ± 3.91%) for the left and right limbs, respectively (p < 0.001, g = 2.13-3.06). The large differences between ERF and LRF can be used by practitioners to streamline performance assessment, which in turn will allow practitioners to act upon data collected more effectively. Additionally, regular monitoring ERF production could inform practitioners of any interventions that maybe required, such as reduction of load or introduction of specific recovery modalities and during return to play protocols.

Late pre-industrial production and consumption in poor rural households (north-eastern Catalonia, 1750-1807)

This paper examines domestic production and consumption in poor rural households from north-eastern Catalonia during the second half of the eighteenth century. Using a database of probate inventories, a criterion was established to determine which of them corresponded to humble households and conduct a comprehensive analysis. The results suggest that at the end of the pre-industrial period, these domestic units had only limited access to land ownership and little involvement in domestic production activities, but their consumption patterns were improving. They incorporated new items related to eating habits, such as spoons, forks, and napkins. This apparent contradiction between production and consumption is discussed in relation to historiographical debates about the Industrious Revolution and the Consumer Revolution.

Pengaruh Citra Merek , Harga dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Minat Beli Produk Sunscreen

The development of products, especially the front part, is one part that can support the appearance and become a mandatory requirement for every woman. Consumer products, especially those who want to travel to campus, are more selective in choosing the latest products, especially The Originote sunscreen for consumers. This study was conducted to determine simultaneously and partially the independent variables, namely Brand Image, Price, and Product Quality, the dependent variable Purchase Interest. The method used in this study uses a quantitative method, where in this study using Purposive Sampling calculations with the Hair formula. The entire population in this study was 100 respondents. Based on the results of the study in the partial test (T) that the variable of brand image affects purchase interest. for the price variable affects purchase interest. the product quality variable affects purchase interest. Furthermore, in the simultaneous test of brand image, price and product quality affect purchase interest. This explains that there is a contribution of brand image, price, product quality to purchase interest.

Regulation of tea polyphenols in gluten-glucose Maillard reaction: Evaluation and analysis

Maillard reaction plays an important role in the flavour and color of some food. However, the excessive occurrence of Maillard reaction may affect the quality and safety of food. In this study, a simulated Maillard system composed of gluten and glucose was established to evaluate and analyze the regulatory role of tea polyphenols (TP) in it. The addition of tea polyphenols alleviated excessive browning of the Maillard reaction and significantly inhibited the accumulation of fructosamine and late glycosylation end products in the system. Based on the analysis of laser particle sizer and atomic force microscope, the large particle size distribution and aggregation structure of the Maillard reaction products in the tea polyphenol group disappeared. Further experiments showed that with the addition of tea polyphenols, the free radicals content in the system decreased, while the amount of reaction substrates increased. It was also shown that tea polyphenols effectively inhibited the isomerism of glucose to fructose and affected the content of free sulfhydryl and free amino groups in the system. The results indicated that tea polyphenols can regulate the Maillard reaction between gluten and glucose, which gives it the potential for application in the field of bakery and thermally processed foods.

Effects of β-Mannanase Supplementation and Soyhull Inclusion on Production Performance, Economics, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemicals, Nutrient Digestibility, and Intestinal Morphology in Golden Brown Hens (RIR × Fayoumi) during Late Peak Production.

This study investigated the effects of the β-mannanase enzyme and soyhulls on production performance, economics, egg quality, hematology and serum biochemistry, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, digesta viscosity, and excreta consistency in laying hens during the late peak production phase (37 to 40 weeks of age). Golden brown hens (RIR × Fayoumi; n = 200) were fed a control diet (no soyhulls or enzymes) and diets containing four combinations, i.e., 3% soyhulls with 20 mg/kg β-mannanase (D1), 3% soyhulls with 30 mg/kg β-mannanase (D2), 9% soyhulls with 20 mg/kg β-mannanase (D3), and 9% soyhulls with 30 mg/kg β-mannanase (D4), for four weeks in four replicates of 10 birds each. Overall, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and water intake were calculated in the D2 group as compared to the control and remaining combinations of soyhulls and β-mannanase. No mortality was recorded during the entire experiment. Economically, the D1 and D2 groups showed the best results as compared to the D3 and D4 groups. Egg quality parameters like egg weight, shell weight and shell thickness, yolk weight, albumen weight and height, and the Haugh unit remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Similarly, the D2 group showed significantly lower total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL levels and enhanced gut morphology with greater villus width, height, crypt depth, and surface area across intestinal segments. Crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat, and ash digestibility were higher (p < 0.05) in the D1 and D2 groups compared to the control. Digesta viscosity, excreta consistency, and other egg quality parameters remained unaffected. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of a combination of 3% soyhulls and 30 mg/kg β-mannanase may have potential benefits for laying hens by improving some production performance and egg quality indicators and economics, lowering blood cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL levels, enhancing nutrient digestibility, and improving gut morphology without affecting egg quality.

The change of albumen quality during the laying cycle and its potential physiological and molecular basis of laying hens

To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms that impact variability in albumen quality of laying hens from the peak of lay to the late production phase. A 60-week study was conducted on a cohort of 20,000 Hy-Line Brown laying hens from 20 to 80 weeks old. Before commencement at 20 weeks, the 10-week-old hens were acclimatized for ten weeks. This study examined changes in albumen quality, serum, and liver antioxidant capacity, magnum morphology, and expression of albumen-protein-related genes in the magnum. To reduce sampling error, we collected eggs (n=90) from pre-determined cages at every sampling point (5-week intervals), and 8 hens were selected at 10-week intervals for blood and tissue collection. Our findings revealed that age significantly affected most evaluated parameters. Albumen gel properties, including hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, increased significantly with age (P < 0.05). With the increasing of hens' age from 20 to 80 weeks, the albumen proportion of eggs was decreased, but eggshell proportion, yolk proportion, thick albumen proportion, thick to thin ratio, thick albumen solid content, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color were increased and then decreased (P < 0.05). Compared to hens aged 20-60 weeks, the hens (70-80 weeks) had significantly reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione levels (GSH) in the liver and lower serum TAC and superoxide dismutase levels (SOD) (P < 0.05). The magnum mucosal folds were highest in 40-60 weeks-old hens, and the luminal diameter increased with age (P < 0.05). In the magnum, the mRNA expression levels for OVA, CPE, and NUP205 increased significantly between 30 and 40 weeks, while FBN1 expression was higher between 30 and 50 weeks (P < 0.05). At 70-80 weeks, the expression of BRCA2 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Albumen height, thick albumen proportion with protein secretion-related genes, enhanced antioxidant function, and luminal diameter correlated positively. However, the thick-to-thin albumen ratio negatively correlated with BRCA2, downregulated in aged laying hens. We used principal component and cluster analysis to deduce albumen quality changes during three phases: 25-35, 40-55, and 60-80 weeks. The decline in albumen quality in aging hens is linked with decreased antioxidant capacity, magnum health, and downregulation of key genes involved in protein synthesis and secretion. These findings emphasize critical albumen quality changes in laying hens and suggest molecular pathways underlying age-related albumen quality alterations.

Research Budget Improves National Product Independence: A National Resilience Perspective

The current fundamental problem is the low national research budget, as well as the lack of domestic product innovation so that it will have an impact on the lack of innovation in creating the latest products and defense technology that is still unable to be produced domestically and requires imports of raw materials. This will be potentially bad for a country's national resilience with the country's dependence on foreign products, which will pose a vital risk to the survival and resilience of the nation in the face of crisis. National resilience as the ability of a country to protect its welfare, identity, and political integrity actual and potential threats. There are several elements in the form of ideological, political, social, economic and military. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of the research budget in increasing the independence of national products and formulate recommendations in optimizing government policy. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach, collecting secondary data sourced from official reports, journal articles, and government publications related to the topic of this research. Analysis is conducted on the current condition of imported product dependence and domestic product innovation capacity, when looking at opportunities and challenges in increasing national product independence. The results of this study show the potential of the research budget. If the research budget is increased in order to make the latest innovations and produce domestic strategic products, in order to increase the independence of national products, there is great potential for innovation and encourages the acceleration of the latest strategic innovations in domestic products. So that it can be expected to be a reference for the government in increasing the independence of national products so as to reduce dependence on imported products.

The case of the Guarros fortress (Paterna del Río, Almería):

This paper aims to present the constructive evolution of the fortress of Guarros (Paterna del Río, Almería) and the discovery of a metallurgical production area. This fortification was occupied between the 8th and 13th centuries. This work analyses in detail the evolution of the fortress through building archaeology. It relates it to the mining possibilities of the surrounding territory to contextualise the metallurgical production area. The results show that this production is limited to the early medieval period and seems to correspond to the Late Antique and Early Medieval production models documented on the northern side of Sierra Nevada, with small workshops far from the extraction areas. This is an important advance in our knowledge of medieval mining and metallurgy on the southern face of Sierra Nevada, practically unknown until now.